Objective To observe the effect of Minocycline on RP process of retinal pigmentarydegeneration rd mice[C3H/HeN(Pde6brd-/rd-)]. Methods 40 rd mice were divided into ten groupsrandomly:5 experimental groups and 5 control groups,4 rd mice in each group.The experimental groupreceived intraperitoneal injection of minocycline 22.5mg/kg while the control group received saline 10ml/k2 every day from the posmatal day 1(P1).Mice were sacrificed at P1,P7,P14,P21 and P28respectively.Eyeballs were enucleated to carry out histology observation and apoptosis cell detection.Meanwhile,to statistically analyze the number of retinal photoreceptor cells,the thickness of outer nuclearlayer(ONL)and the number of apoptosis cells. Results (1)Photoreceptor cell began to apoptosis onP7,peaked on P14,and totally disappeared on P28.(2)No statistically significant differences were foundof the number of photoreceptor cells and the thickness of ONL on P7 between the experimental group andthe control group.(3)The number of photoreceptor cells and the thickness of ONL in the experimentalwere more than that in the control group at P14,P21,P28 respectively,the differences are statisticallysignificant(P＜0.05).(4)The apoptotic cells on ONL were less in the experimental group than that in thecontrol group on P7 and P14 respectively,the difference are statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusions Minocycline appears to protect photoreceptor cell from apoptosis in the early stage of theretinal degeneration mice,but it may not completely prevent RP from occurrence.

Objective:To study the effect of naoxintong capsules combined with nerve growth factor on the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and S100B of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods:88 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage who were treated in our hospital from August 2015 to July 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group The patients in the control group were treated with nerve growth factor,while the patients in the observation group were treated with naoxintong capsules combined with nerve growth factor.Then the clinical efficacy,GCS,GOS score,serum levels ofIL-6,MMP-9 and S100B were observed and compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that the control group (P＜0.05).After treatment,the GCS and GOS scores of the two groups were significantly higher than before,and the GCS and GOS of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of IL-6,MMP-9 and S100B in the two groups were significantly lower than before,and the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).There was adverse reactions in the two groups.Conclusion:Naoxintong capsule combined with nerve growth factor can reduce the serum levels of IL-6,MMP-9 and S100B in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,with obvious clinical curative effect and high safety.

Adult ; Cough ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Larynx ; Pharyngitis ; complications ; parasitology ; Pharynx ; Pruritus ; etiology

Objective To establish a benign esophageal stricture model and observe the effect of 32P radioactive isotopes on benign esophageal stricture scarring with intracavitary irradiation so as to provide experimental evidence for inhibiting scar hyperplasia and preventing esophageal restenosis after endoscopic dilation for benign esophageal stricture.Methods Benign esophageal stricture models were established in 18 healthy adult rabbits by annular incision and anastomosis.Then the rabbits were randomly divided into control group,hormone group and irradiation group,with six rabbits in each group.On day 2 after surgery,we measured inner diameter of the anastomotic stoma;then the control group received saline intervention,the hormone group was given dexamethasone,and the irradiation group was given 32P radioactive isotopes.The rabbits were observed for two weeks for their general condition and weight.After the intervention,we measured inner diameter of the anastomotic stoma.Liver functions (ALT and AST) were tested again before modeling and after intervention.Then the rabbits were put to death and had tissue in the esophageal stricture area removed for pathological examination and esophageal HE staining.We determined hydroxyproline (HYP) content of esophageal tissue around the anastomotic stoma.Restlts Benign esophageal stricture model was established successfully.After 2 weeks,the rabbits' appetite was obviously diminished in control group and relatively poor in hormone group;obviously improved in irradiation group.The rabbits' weight increased in radiation group compared with the other two groups (P＜0.05).The esophageal inner diameter in irradiation group widened obviously compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).In irradiation group,the number of fibroblasts decreased obviously,collagen fiber and granulation tissue were not obvious;HYP content was lower than that in the other two groups,and was close to that in a normal esophagus (P＞0.05).ALT and AST did not differ before and after intervention in all groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion ① We can establish benign esophageal stricture model successfully through the surgery.② 32Pradioactive isotopes radiation therapy can be used to prevent early scar formation in esophageal benign stricture,and is superior to dexamethasone therapy.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral infectivity factor (Vif), one of the accessory proteins, which is a small basic phosphoprotein, is essential for viral replication and pathogenesis. The best well-characterized function of Vif is its ability to neutralize the host cell antiviral factor, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like 3G (APOBEC3G), which makes the viral particles more infective. In addition, Vif can regulate the reverse transcription and the advanced stage of replication of the virus particle, as well as induce the termination of cell cycle at G2 stage and so on. The designed drug aimed directly at Vif can efficiently block the maturation and infectivity of HIV-1. In this review, the structure, function and especially the related inhibitors of Vif are reviewed.

Hydrodynamic chromatography(HDC) and slalom chromatography(SC) called as dynamic liquid chromatography(DLC) were introduced and reviewed, mainly for the recent development of separation principle, theoretical model, and applications. Fifty two

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that hyperhomocysteinemia can induce atherosclerosis by enhancing oxidative stress, whereas Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) can scavenge oxygen-derived free radicals.OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) induced by homocysteine (Hcy), and investigate the effect of GbE.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal trial.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERrALS: Twenty-four healthy male rabbits of 6 months old. Dl-methionine (Sigma Chemical, Co.,Ltd.); GbE (Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Company; powder).METHODS: The experiment was accomplished in the Laboratory of Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March 2003 to April 2004. ① After adaptive feeding for 2 weeks, the rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: Model group (n =12): The rabbits were treated with subcutaneous injection of dl-methionine (80 mg/kg per day); GbE group (n =8): The rabbits were administrated with GbE (mixed with feed, 50 m/kg per day) at 1 hour before the subcutaneous injection of dl-methionine; Control group (n=4): The rabbits were injected with equivalent sodium chloride. They were administrated for 7 weeks continuously. ②Histological changes were observed under light and electron microscopes: ROS level was determined with colorimetries (721 visible spectrophotometer); The expressions of CAMs and NF-κB in endothelial cells were detected with immunohistochemical methods; The concentration of plasma Hcy was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histological changes, ROS level and expressions of CAMs and NF-κB in endothelial cells.RESULTS: All the 24 rabbits were involved in the analysis of results. ① ROS level: After administration, the ROS level in the model group was obviously increased (2.92±0.20,2.48±0.26, P ＜ 0.05), whereas those in the GbE group and control group (2.41±0.23, 2.43±0.20) had no obvious differences as compared with those before administration (2.31±0.27,2.47±0.32, P ＞ 0.05). ② Histological changes: Aortas of rabbits in the model group presented initial changes of atherosclerosis, including shedding or necrosis of endothelial cells and nuclear pyknosis or standing in a clutter of smooth muscle cells. There were scarcely any changes in the GbE group and control group. ③ Expressions of CAMs and NF-κB in endothelial cells: After treatments, the expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and NF-κB in the model group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P ＜0.05), and there were no significant differences between the GbE group and control group (P ＞ 0.05). ④ Concentration of plasma Hcy: After 7 weeks, the concentration of plasma Hcy was higher in the model group and GbE group than in the control group [(25.01±6.80), (26.71±2.36), (16.85± 1.64) μmol/L, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Hcy-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in NF-κB activation. GbE might suppress the activation of NF-κB and expression of CAMs by reducing ROS.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the activity of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH ) oxidase in peripheral blood mononuclear cell and left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods Fifty-two patients with AMI hospitalized from December 2010 to June 2011 were selected as AMI group,and 25 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia hospitalized in the same period were selected as control group.All patients were examined by Doppler echocardiography and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated.Fasting blood was drawn on the second day after hospitalization to measure the level of biochemical indexes,malondialdehyde(MDA ) and the activity of NADPH oxidase.The correlation of the level of MDA,the activity of NADPH oxidase and LVMI was analyzed.Results The level of MDA in AMI group was significantly higher than that in control group [(6.14 ±t 2.80) μ mol/L vs(2.95 ± 1.82) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.01 ].The levd of O2- in AMI group was also obviously higher than that in control group [(21.61 ± 10.66) RLU/mg protein vs.( 7.12 ± 4.48 ) RLU/mg protein,P ＜ 0.01 ],as well as the activity of NADPH oxidase [ ( 2.84 ± 1.05 ) RLU/mgprotein vs.( 1.97 ± 0.80) RLU/mg protein,P ＜ 0.01].Positive correlation was found between LVMI and the level of MDA(r =0.57,P ＜ 0.01 ),as well as between LVMI and the activity of NADPH oxidase(r =0.71,P＜0.01 ).Conclusions The activity of NADPH oxidase in peripheral blood mononuclear cell inereases in AMI patients and plays an important role in left ventricular remodeling after AMI.

Objective To discuss the levels of inhibitory protein Ga-2 (Gαi2) in hippocampus of brain and the effects of Gαi2 on neuronal intracellular Ca2+ level in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model of rats.Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly (random number) assigned to sham group (n =30),ischemic-reperfusion (IR) group (n =30),Pertussis toxin (PT) group (n =30).The blood flow of right common carotid artery of rat was blocked for 90 min to make ischemia reperfusion model.The levels of Gαi2 in hippocampus was assayed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting after ischemia reperfusion for 6,12,24 h in each group.The average fluorescence values of intracellular Ca2+ levels in hippocampus of rats in three groups were detected by using Flow CytoMeter (FCM).Neuronal cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL.Results After restoration of middle cerebral artery blood flow for different lengths of time,the levels of hippocampus Gαi2 and Ca2+ levels in IR group were significantly higher than those in Sham group (P ＜0.01).The hippocampus Ca2+ levels in PT group were higher than those in IR group (P ＜ 0.01).The apoptotic rates of neurons in PT group were lower than those in IR group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The level of Gαi2 in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model was increased.Gαi2 might reduce the calcium ion concentration of neurons after cerebral ischemia and rcduce the neuronal cell apoptosis in this model.Gαi2 might play a role in protecting neuron from cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of blood glucose,blood pressure and blood uric acid level on hematuria in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsOne hundred and sixty-two ACS patients were selected and received standardized treatment after admission to hospital.Urine test was taken and patients were divided into no hematuria group(37 cases),microscopic hematuria group (56 cases) and gross hematuria group(69 cases) according to the results.Blood pressure,fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin and blood uric acid level were measured and compared among three groups.ResultsMicroscopic hematuria group compared with no hematuria group,fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,systolic blood pressure and blood uric acid level raised 58.0％[(7.9 ±0.7) mmol/L vs. (5.0 ± 1.1) mmol/L],33.3％[(12.4 ±0.8) mmol/L vs.(9.3 ± 0.6 ) mmol/L ],48.2％ [ ( 8.3 ± 0.8 )％ vs.( 5.6 ± 0.5 )％ ],23.8％ [ ( 151.6 ± 7.0) mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) vs.(122.5 ±9.9) mm Hg],29.2％ [(635.4 ±47.4) μmol/L vs.(491.8 ±83.4)μmol/L]respectively,there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ).Gross hematuria group compared with microscopic hematuria group,the above mentioned indexes raised 16.5％[ (9.2 ± 1.1 ) mmol/L vs.(7.9 ± 0.7)mmol/L],30.6％[ ( 16.2 ± 1.8) mmol/L vs.( 12.4 ± 0.8) mmol/L],14.5％[ (9.5 ± 0.8)％ vs.(8.3 ± 0.8)％ ],18.8％[(180.1 ± 12.3) mm Hg vs.(151.6 ±7.0) mm Hg],34.6％[(855.5 ±74.5) μ mol/L vs.(635.4 ±47.4 ) μ mol/L ] respectively,there were significant differences ( P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ).Gross hematuria group compared with no hematuria group,the above mentioned indexes increased significantly(P＜ 0.01 ).The level of diastolic blood pressureamong three groups had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose (r =3.175,P =0.001 ;r =0.906,P =0.001 ),glycated hemoglobin ( r =16.109,P =0.001 ),systolic blood pressure (r =0.429,P =0.003 ),blood uric acid level(r =1.317,P =0.004) were risk factors on hematuria after antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in ACS patients,the impact of glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose on hematuria was stronger than that of blood uric acid level and systolic blood pressure.ConclusionWith the increase of blood glucose,systolic blood pressure,blood uric acid,the risk of hematuria increases in ACS patients.