Human colorectal cancer ( CRC ) presents a considerable disease burden worldwide.Besides the genetic factor, gut microbiota could be another important factor resulting in CRC and has become a hot research topic.Along with the increasing accessibility of high-throughput sequencing, the role of structure of microbiota and potential pathogens in colorectal carcinogenesis have become more and more clear.In this review, the recent insights into contributions of the microbiota and candidate CRC-potentiating species to CRC were discussed.Moreover, new findings on the role of candidate pathogens in cancer causation were highlighted.Two pathogenic models were introduced in this review.High-throughput sequencing of gut microbiota will assist us in understanding the pathogenesis of CRC, providing a theoretical basis for disease surveillance.

Objective To observe the ultrastructure location of Huntingtin-associated protein 1(HAP1) in rat adrenal medulla and the effect of cold stress on the expression of HAP1 in rat adrenal medulla. Methods Fourteen healthy male Wistar rats were used in the present study and among them two rats were used for immune electron microscopy and twelve rats for cold stress experiment. In the cold stress experiment, animals were divided into control and cold groups randomly with six rats in each group. During the experiment, rats were housed in a room at the temperature of 4℃ for 12 hours and then immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of HAP1 in adrenal medulla. Results By using the immune electron microscopy, the results showed HAP1 was located on the external membrane of secretory vesicles of adrenal medulla and their membranous organelles. The expression of HAP1 in adrenal medulla of cold group significantly decreased as compared with that of control group ( P <0.01). Conclusion HAP1 might be related with the adrenal medulla cells endocrine granula and involved in the transmission and release of adrenaline or noradrenaline in secretory granule.

OBJECTIVE To check the defects of nosocomial infections reports,recording of the patient′s history,and antibiotics usage,so as to improve hospital management and reduce nosocomial infection.METHODS Patient′s records from Jan 1,2008 to Dec 31,2008 were reviewed to find out the defects and feedback to the physicians.RESULTS Some problems of 5995 cases were checked out and corrected,some suggestions were made.CONCLUSIONS Checking the patient′s records may supplement the defects of prospective monitor,direct the antibiotics therapy,and monitor occurrence of drug resistance.

ObjectiveThis article investigates the distribution of psychological models and its association with asthma by means of examining the psychological models of asthmatic patients.MethodsUsing 80.8 test table provided by the Institute of Applied Psychology of Suzhou University to exam the psychological models of two hundred cases in their non- acute episodes. Results From two hundred asthmatic patients we can notice the association between psychological models and the degree of asthma. In severe asthmatic patients, most was dispersed - puzzle model, occupying 65.3% (17/26),the second was intermediate model 30.7% (8/26). The majority in medium asthmatic patients was intermediate model, taking 53% (53/100), the second was dispersed-puzzle model, 34% (34/100).The easy-disturbance model was the most in mild ones, 51.4% (38/74), the intermediate model was the second, 25.6%(19/74). ConclusionThere are different psychological models in asthmatic patients. In treatments, except the medical therapy, we should direct and take active care of the patients in psychological health aspect.

BACKGROUND: The problem of the high rate of acute restenosis at an early and advanced stage has been a hot spot, while the stent with paclitaxel (poly-L-lactide, PLLA/polyglycolic acid, PGA) degradable material will resolve it. OBJECTIVE: To seek an ideal biologic degradable material used in biologic degradable stent. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The comparative cytological study was performed at the Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Public Health, Jilin University (Key Laboratory of Radiobiology of Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Toxicology of Jilin Province) from July 2003 to July 2005. MATERIALS: Paclitaxel degradable material (PLLA/PGA) (PLLA:PGA= 9: l ) were offered by Changchun Applied Chemistry Institute of Chinese Academy of Science). Human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were purchased from Boster, Wuhan, China. METHODS: The sixth passage of SMCs were digested by 0.25% Trypsin under ambient temperature for 3 minutes, incubated in 10 mL 10% ox serum BMEM, and made into SMC suspension. The materials kept in hypothermal disinfectant Co60 were heated to 37 ℃ by waterbath after surface treatment, and then placed in a 6-well culture plate. SMC suspension was added into the middle of the materials. The density of cells was about 5×106/cm2. Cell suspension diffused around the materials gradually. At last, 10% ox serum BMEM culture solution was added into it, and cultivated in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37 ℃. The growth of cells in and surrounding the materials was observed by inverted microscope everyday. MAIN OUCOME MEASURES: The materials were obtained after culture for 3, 6, 12, 19, 26, 34 days and vacuum dehydration, and were weighed. The weight loss of materials was compared before and after culture. The average degradable rate of materials was calculated.RESULTS: Degradable material had no influence on the development of SMCs. The average degradation rate ex vivo was 0.45% per day. CONCLUSION: PLLA/PGA with good cellular compatibility could be applied to intravascular stents.

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Emergency Medical Services ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Poisoning ; prevention & control ; Risk Assessment

Objective To observe the level of serum hepcidin and the relationship of hepcidin with renal anemia and micro-inflammation state in peritoneal dialysis(PD) patients.Methods Serum hepcidin,interleukin-6(IL-6),soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and erythropoietin (EPO) were measured in 50 PD patients with anemia,30 PD patients without anemia and 40 cases of normal control by ELISA.The indexes of blood routine examination,biochemistry and iron metabolism were also detected at the same time.Results The level of hepcidin in PD patients was significantly higher than that in normal control[(103.65±43.6) μg/L vs (56.39±35.7) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].Furthermore,the level of hepcidin in PD patients with anemia was higher than that in PD patients without anemia [(122.67±36.6) μg/L vs (83.65±26.4) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The results of correlation analysis showed that serum IL-6,sTfR,EPO and ferritin were positively correlated with hepcidin(R =0.821,0.742,0.711,0.531,all P ＜ 0.05),while creatinine clearance of residual kidney in 24 hours and hemoglobin were negatively correlated with hepcidin(R =-0.533,-0.685,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The higher level of hepcidin in PD patients is related with the residual renal function and the micro-inflammatory state.The higher level of hepcidin may induce the iron metabolism imbalance,and then influence the state of renal anemia.The adjustment of hepcidin may provide clinical research value of improving renal anemia and micro-inflammatory state in PD patients.

BACKGROUND: Until now, the definite source of respiratory rhythm generation and the ontogenic mechanism are still in controversy. Previous our investigating indicated that respiration would stop due to the gentle press on the hypoglossal root under the surface of ventral medulla of rabbit. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of mechanical lesion in medial re gion of nucleus retrofacialis on respiratory rhythm of a living rabbit model.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: At the Physiology Teaching Room of Kunming Medical College.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at the Physiology Teaching Room of Kunming Medical College from February 2002 to December 2002. Totally 54 healthy rabbits were randomly selected, amongst which 22 rabbits were submitted to the mechanical damage of the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis by the dorsal processes, and 18 received the same damage by the ventral process, 14 rabbits used for observing the changes of blood pressure andheart rate due to the mechanical damage.METHODS: The ventral and dorsal medullar of rabbits were exposed and the bilateral vagotomy at the cervical level were cut. Discharge of the phrenic nerve was used as the respiratory index. Stainless pipe of 0. 8 mm or 0.4 mm diameter was used to make mechanical damage at the medial region in order to investigate the changes of respiration. Fourteen rabbits were selected and submitted to the bilateral mechanical damage, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were observed at post-traumatic 1 -3 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The changes of respiratory rhythm induced by the mechanical damage of the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis. ② The number of phrenic nerve discharge and respiratory frequency. ③ The changes of blood pressure and heart rate at post-lesion 1-3minutes.RESULTS: Data of 54 rabbits were analyzed. ① Irreversible disappearance of respiratory rhythm was found in 12 out of 18 rabbits (the positive rate was 67% ) due to the mechanical damage by the ventral processes, comparing to 3 / 14 (14%) by the dorsal process. ② Rhythmic discharge of phrenic nerve became scarce and irregular in all rabbits who has irreversible disappearance of respiratory rhythm, the inspiratory and expiratory discharging phase were significantly prolonged, moreover respiratory rhythm would disappear if expiratory phase was extremely extended, respiration stopped at expiratory phase. ③ When the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis was partially destroyed, the still existed respiration of 27 rabbits was found immediately inhibited, phrenic nerve discharge frequency obviously decreased [ (43.5 ± 6.4)%, P ＜ 0. 001 ], and its discharge number was significantly decreased [ (42.0 ± 3.7 )%, P ＜ 0. 001 ], moreover the inspiratory and expiratory discharging phase were found obviously extended, with expiratory phase was in particular. ④ From the results of histological examination on the above mechanical lesion. Respiration stop or obvious attenuation was found mostly due to the damage at the medial region of nucleus retrofacialis.⑤ The blood pressure and heart rate changed slightly by 5% -7% at post-traumatic 1 -3 minutes, there was not significantly different from the normal value ( P ＞ 0. 05).CONCLUSION: The medial region of nucleus retrofacialis might be the main source of respiratory rhythm generation, and the related neuron within it would be the important component involving in the generation of respiratory rhythm.

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of herbal application along meridians for treatment and prevention of asthma by using serum pharmacological test to observe the effects of serum containing herbs against the constriction of tracheal spiral strips induced by acetylcholine chloride (Ach). METHODS: Guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control group, normal saline (NS) application group, aminophylline application group, aminophylline injection group, 1-day herb application group, 7-day herb application group and 14-day herb application group. Asthma was induced by Hutson's method in guinea pigs except the normal control group. Guinea pigs in herb application groups were treated by external application of a compound herbal medicine 60 min once every day. Guinea pigs in NS application group were treated by external application of NS. Guinea pigs in the two aminophylline-treated groups were treated by external application and intraperitoneal injection of aminophylline at a dose of 400 mg/kg, respectively. The guinea pigs were killed and the sera were obtained after 1-day, 7-day and 14-day treatment in the three herb application groups, 7-day treatment in the NS application group, the aminophylline application and injection groups, respectively. Serum pharmacological method was used to do the experiment, the effects of different sera on the constriction of tracheal strips were observed, and the constriction rates were calculated. RESULT: The serum containing herbs had an effect in reducing the constriction of tracheal spiral strips induced by Ach, and the effect was similar to that of the serum obtained from the aminophylline injection group. The constriction rate of the tracheal spiral strips was decreased when herbal application treatment was prolonged within a period of time, and it became stable when herbal application treatment was between 7-14 days. The constriction of tracheal spiral strips induced by Ach could be reduced remarkably when it was previously treated by serum containing herbs. CONCLUSION: The anti-acetylcholine function with a time-dependent effect is one of the mechanisms of herbal application treatment along meridians for asthma, and furthermore, herbal application treatment along meridians might be useful for preventing asthma.

Objective To investigate the hyper-variable region-polymerase chain reaction(HVRPCR) genotype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in local hospitals in Hunan province, and to compare it with the antibiograms, and to preliminarily discuss its role in molecular epidemiology of MRSA. Methods A total of 80 MRSA clinical isolates were collected from three affiliated hospitals of Central South University. Their DNA were extracted and amplified by PCR. The genotype was classified by the fragments of amplified products based on the size of HVR. The drug sensitivity test of MRSA was performed, and the correlation of genotypes and antibacterial resistance was analyzed. Results Eighty strains of MRSA were divided into 5 HVR genotypes which were named as A, B, C, D and E respectively according to the size of the PCR products. The most common types were D (61.25%) and E (21.25%), followed by A (3.75%), B (5.00%) and C (8.75%). Most strains of genotypes were multi-drug resistant but all strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusion These results suggest that HVR-PCR genotype method is a rapid, convenient and effective method for epidemiological investigation of infections caused by MRSA, and it is also helpful for clinical selection of antibacterial agents in effective treatment of MRSA infection.