The prevalence of tuberculosis infection among adolescents born after terminating the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) booster vaccination in China was estimated using tuberculin skin testing (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay (QFT) to investigate the influence of neonatal BCG vaccination on the performance of TST.Data analysis was conducted for 2831 eligible participants aged 5-15 years from the baseline survey of a population-based multi-center prospective study.The prevalence rates of TST (induration ≥ 10 mm) and QFT positivity were 9.3％ (264/2827) and 2.5％ (71/2831),respectively.The rate of QFT indeterminate result was 2.2％ (62/2831).The overall agreement between TST and QFT was low (concordance =88.0％;K coefficient =0.125).Only TST was positively associated with BCG vaccination with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.71 [95％ confidence interval,1.26-2.31].A history of close contact with patients of active TB was significantly associated with positivity for TST and QFT.Our results suggested that BCG neonatal vaccination still affects TST performance,and a two-step approach might be considered for TB infection testing among adolescents in China.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety,and economy of tislelizumab(TIS)as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,WanFang Data,SinoMed databases and health technology assessment(HTA)websites were electronically searched to collect the HTA report,systematic review/Meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomic research of TIS as a first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC from the inception to April 30,2024.Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data,and evaluated quality,and qualitative descriptive methods were used for rapid health technology assessment(rHTA).Results A total of 9 articles were included,in which 7 systematic review/Meta-analysis and 2 pharmacoeconomic studies.In terms of effectiveness,compared with chemotherapy(CT),TIS+CT could improve the progression free survival(PFS)and objective response rate(ORR)of advanced NSCLC patients.It could also improve PFS in patients with advanced NSCLC who have the any expression of programmed cell death receptor ligand-1(PD-L1),with or without liver metastasis,aged＞65 years or＜65 years,and with a history of smoking;Compared with CT,TIS+CT could improve the PFS of advanced non squamous NSCLC patients,and could increase the PFS of advanced non squamous NSCLC patients with PD-L1＞50％;Compared with CT,TIS+CT could improve the PFS of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma NSCLC in stages ⅢB and IV,with PD-L1 being 1％-49％,PD-L1＞50％,male,age＞65 years old,smoking history,ECOG score of 1 point.In terms of safety,compared with camrelizumab+CT and atezolizumab+bevacizumab+CT,TIS+CT could reduce the incidence of serious adverse reactions.In terms of economics,for non squamous NSCLC without epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations and gradual lymphoma kinase(ALK)rearrangements,TIS+CT had certain cost-effectiveness advantages compared to CT in China.The subgroup analysis results showed that the first-line TIS+CT regimen had greater survival benefits in non squamous NSCLC patients with PD-L1 expression＞50％,liver metastasis,and a history of smoking.Conclusion TIS+CT first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC has good efficacy,safety,and economy.