Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP), a member of solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, is considered as an important transmembrane uptake transporters. OATP is involved in the transport of a variety of endo- and xenobiotics (bile acids, bilirubin, prostaglandin, thyroid hormones, steroid hormone conjugates), drugs and toxins in a Na+ and ATP independent manner. Multiple factors (eg. hormones, proinflammatory cytokines, drugs) can affect the distribution, expression and activity of OATPs, leading to an altered accumulation of OATP substrates and related food-drug and drug-drug interactions. Changes in the distribution and expression of OATPs in malignant tissues may be related to the pathological process of cancer, while the modulation epigenetic mechanism also contributes to its distribution patterns. This review describes the factors that can affect the expression or function of OATPs, which may provide a valuable reference for drug development and the clarification of pathogenesis.
Biological Transport ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Organic Anion Transporters ; physiology ; Xenobiotics

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urologic malignancy, comprising 2% to 3% of all malignant diseases. Lym-phangiogenesis significantly affects the lymphatic metastasis of tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors have important functions in the spread of cancer cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C, which links the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, can increase lymphangiogenesis and promote lymphatic metastasis. These findings direct research efforts toward lymphangiogenesis in malignant diseases and a possible targeted therapy. An increasing number of studies on the lymphatic vessel of renal cell carcinoma have drawn considerable interest in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. This paper summarizes recent studies on lymphangiogenesis and the clinical significance of renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of lappaconitine on patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) and serum complement 3 and 4 (C3 and C4) levels of cancer patients undergoing rectum surgery.

METHODSTotally 60 patients, who were scheduled for rectum carcinoma surgery, were recruited to the study and assigned in 3 groups, the blank control group, the tramadol group, and the lappaconitine group, 20 in each group. Lappaconitine (8 mg) was intravenously dripped to patients in the lappaconitine group 30 min before ending the operation. PCIA started as soon as the end of the surgery and the total dose of lappaconitine was 36 mg. Patients of the tramadol group were treated with tramadol (100 mg) intravenously within 30 min before ending the operation. The dripping was completed within 30 min. PCIA was started as soon as the end of the surgery and the total dose of lappaconitine was 36 mg. Tramadol (100 mg) was intravenously dripped to patients in the tramadol group 30 min before ending the operation. PICA was started as soon as the end of the surgery and the total dose of tramadol was 900 mg. Pethidine (50 mg) and droperidol (2. 5 mg) was intramuscularly injected to patients in the blank control group for pain relief according to their complaints. Pain degrees were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) 12 h before surgery, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. Blood samples were withdrawn at the same time point. Contents of serum C3 and C4 were determined by immunoturbidimetry.

RESULTSVAS scores of the blank control group were significantly higher after surgery than before surgery (P <0. 01). There was no statistical difference in VAS scores between before surgery and after surgery in the tramadol group and the lappaconitine group (P >0. 05). VAS scores were significantly lower at each post-surgery time point in the tramadol group and the lappaconitine group than in the blank control group with statistical difference (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in VAS scores at each post-surgery time point between the tramadol group and the lappaconitine group (P >0. 05). Compared with before surgery, contents of serum C3 and C4 significantly decreased in all of the three groups at 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). They recovered to the pre-surgery level till 72 h after surgery (P > 0.05). Serum C3 and C4 contents at 48 h after surgery were higher in the tramadol group than in the blank control group (P < 0.05). Serum C3 and C4 contents at 24 and 48 h after surgery were higher in the lappaconitine group than in the blank control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in serum C3 and C4 contents at each time point between the tramadol group and the lappaconitine group (P > 0.05). VAS scores were obviously negatively correlated with serum contents of C3 and C4 (r = -0.622, r = -0.649, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSLappaconitine (used at the dose in this study) showed better pain relief effect after surgery. Besides, it could inhibit the surgic wound and pain, and elevate serum contents of C3 and C4.

Aconitine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; methods ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; therapeutic use ; Complement C3 ; metabolism ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Period ; Rectum ; surgery ; Tramadol

Objective To explore the trend of variation and relationship of postoperative pain and serum complement C 3 and C4 in cancer patients undergoing rectum surgery .Methods 100 patients ,who were scheduled for rectum carcinoma surgery ,were se-lected to the study .Pain was assessed by a visual analog scale at 12 h before operation and 4 ,8 ,12 ,24 ,48 ,72 ,120 h after surgery . The blood samples were obtained at the same time .The contents of serum complement C3 and C4 were determined by immunoturbi-dimetry .Results The VAS values in 4 ,8 ,12 ,24 ,48 ,72 h post-operation were significantly higher than 12 h pre-operation(P<0 .01) ,and in 120 h post-operation returned to 12 h pre-operation level .Compared with 12 h pre-operation ,the contents of serum complement C3 and C4 in 4 ,8 ,12 ,24 ,48 h post-operation were significantly decreased (P<0 .01) .The contents of serum comple-ment C3 and C4 returned to 12 h pre-operation level in 72 h post-operation .The results of correlative study on VAS values and the contents of serum complement C3 showed a negative correlation(r= -0 .622 ,P<0 .01) .The results of correlative study on VAS values and the contents of serum complement C4 also showed a negative correlation(r= -0 .649 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Postoper-ative pain can induce complement activation ,reduce the levels of serum complement C3 and C4 ,and inhibit immunoreactions .

In recent years,a lot of researches have shown microRNA (miRNA) involved in every link of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) regulation process through a variety of signaling pathways in tumor; even the same kind of miRNA plays significantly different roles in different tumors,inducing great significance to guide clinic.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C)is involved in cell cycle progression,mitosis regulation and targeted degradation of short-lived proteins.UBE2C is the cancer-related ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme,which is significantly higher in breast cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissue.The abnormal expression of UBE2C participates in the process of occurrence,development and metastasis of breast cancer by the regulation of cell cycle progression,C-erbB-2,cell apoptosis factors and metastasis related genes. It will provide reference for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of acute nicotine exposure on expression of Caspase-3 and apoptosis of neuron in adolescent rat's brain. Methods The Caspase-3 expression was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Apoptosis cells were detected by TUNEL method. Results The Caspase-3 expression in cerebral cortex, hippocampal dentate gyrus, CA2 and CA3 of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group through immunohistiochemistry. The expression of Caspase-3 prototype and active fragments in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group with Western blotting. The TUNEL positive cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampal dentate gyrus of the experimental group were more than that of the control group.Conclusion Acute nicotine exposure can activate Caspase-3 and increase neuron apoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampal dentate gyrus of the adolescent rat's brain.

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune connective-tissue disorder with a wide range of clinical features.Although the clinical symptoms and immunological findings of pediatric SLE are similar to those of adult SLE patients,the pediatric SLE has some special aspects.In the recent years,although there was no abrupt development in the diagnosis and treatment of SLE,there were some new findings,maybe not mature.On the basis of recent findings outsides,this study drew attention to the advances in the novel clinical manifestation,update treatment of pediatric SLE.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASD) in patients aged over 40 years old. Methods: A total of 115 patients with secundum ASD, aged 40 or over, who were treated by transcatheter closure in our hospital from Oct. 1998 to Jul. 2005 were enrolled in this study, including 106 with single ASD, eight with multiple ASD and one with complicated patent foramen ovale. All the 115 patients received ASD closure with the AGA Amplatzer device or ASD occluder made in China. The patients received electrocardiogram (ECG), X-ray and transthoracic echocardiography (TEE) before and three days after operation. Follow-up were done 6 months and 3 years after operation. Results: The transcatheter procedure was successfully done in 114 (99.13%) of the 115 patients. The one failed case was transferred to the thoracic surgery department for ASD repair. The complication rate was (3.5%). Classification of heart function (NYHA) improved from 2.11±0.78 to 1.34±0.56 after operation (P<0.001). ECG showed that the right bundle branch block (RBBB) disappeared or improved (complete RBBB to incomplete RBBB). X-ray showed a decrease of cordis/ thorax ratio (CTR). TTE displayed that the right venticle (RV) volume was significantly decreased (P<0.001) and ejection fraction was significantly increased (P<0.001). There were three cases of transseptal residual leakage. Conclusion: Transcatheter Closure of secundum ASD in patients aged over 40 is safe and effective when indications are strictly followed.

Humans ; Radiculopathy ; Qi ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Spondylosis