Using metabolic flux balance model , the metabolic flux balance of L- v aline synthesis was established in this paper by material balances and linear p rogramming method. The analysis results indicate that 62.8% metabolic flux ent er ed EMP pathway and 38.2% metabolic flux entered the HMP pathway. And only 9.2 % c arbon entered the TCA cycle. But comparing to the optimal flux distributions of 92.31, the production of L-valine should be improved from the genetic manipula ti on and fermentation control through reducing byproduct of amino acid and decreas ing the metabolic flux.

Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To explore the prognostic value of biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), this study was to investigate the associations between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score and in-hospital mortality. MethodsSeven hundred and seven consecutive AMI patients were divided into diabetic group (DM-AMI group), impaired glucose tolerance group (IGT-AMI group), and normal glycemic group (NGT-AMI group). The laboratory and clinical characteristics were assessed retrospectively from the medical records. The NLR and GRACE score were calculated. Results In AMI patients, the DM-AMI group had significantly higher NLR and GRACE scores compared with those from the IGT-AMI group and NGT-AMI group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In DM-AMI group, the NLR and GRACE score were considerably elevated in the elderly DM-AMI group compared with their younger counterparts (both P<0.01). Furthermore, the NLR was considerably higher in the high-risk group than those in both the low- and medium-risk groups based on the GRACE score (both P<0.01). The NLR was positively correlated with the GRACE score in DM-AMI group(r=0.425, P<0.01). The NLR level and GRACE score were higher in the death group than those in surviving patients (both P<0.01). The optimal cut-off levels of 9.36 for NLR and 166 for GRACE score seem to predicte death in-hospital. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, when to predict death in-hospital, the best cutoff value of NLR was 9.36 (sensitivity 80.8%, specificity 69.6%; area under curve 0.787), and the best cutoff value of GRACE score was 166 (sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 76.4%; area under curve 0.778). Conclusion An elevated NLR is a potential predictor of in-hospital mortality in type 2 diabetic patients with AMI, which could help clinicians indentify high-risk patients and determine appropriate treatment strategies. <英文关鍵词>>=Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; In-hospital mortality; Acute myocardial infarction; Diabetes mellitus, type 2

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease in which inflammation plays a central role.This study aimed to investigate the association of inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR),the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score with in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in an attempt to explore the prognostic value of these indices for elderly AMI patients.One thousand consecutive CAD patients were divided into two groups based on age 60.The laboratory and clinical characteristics were assessed retrospectively by reviewing the medical records.The NLR and GRACE score were calculated.In the elderly (≥60 years),patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) had significantly higher NLR than did those with unstable angina (UA) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) (P＜0.01).The NLR was considerably elevated in older AMI patients compared with their younger counterparts (＜60 years) (P＜0.05).In elderly AMI patients,the NLR was considerably higher in the high-risk group than in both the low-risk and medium-risk groups based on the GRACE score (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01,respectively),and the NLR was positively correlated with the GRACE score (r=0.322,P＜0.001).Either the NLR level or the GRACE score was significantly higher in the death group than in the surviving group (P＜0.05).By curve receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis,the optimal cut-off levels of 9.41 for NLR and 174 for GRACE score predicted in-hospital death [ROC area under the curve (AUC) 0.771 and 0.787,respectively,P＜0.001].It was concluded that an elevated NLR is a potential predictor of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with AMI.

Objective To analyze the species of the antibody and immune responsibility in pneumonic plague patients in order to pave the way to screen the new sub-unit of the vaccine to provide the experimental basis. Methods Using the virulence-related protein microarray containing 149 proteins of Yersinia pestis (Y.pestis), the species of the antibody and immune responsibility were analyzed in serum of two pneumonic plague patients in six months after onset. Results Eighty-eight gene coded proteins were detected out the related antibodies except YPMT1.23c, YPMT1.86, YPO0406 and YPO1071 in patient 1. Forty-three antibodies from gene coded protein were analyzed, other forty-nine had not been identified in patient 2. Thirty-nine antibodies were detected in both patients. The proteins YPMT1.81c, YPMT1.84, YPCD1.31c, rw10, YPCD1.28, YPCD1.58, YPMT1.62c, YPO3247-related antibodies increased significantly by 109.96,176.4 ;20.64,17.73 ;16.50,7.16 ;23.51,7.65 ;46.00,25.61 ;4.50,8.24 ;5.98,5.08 ;23.98,4.76 folds, respectively. Conclusions The study on the antibody in pneumonic plague patients helps us to select the potential vaccine candidates, which reveals that eight proteins are the immunity diagnosis targets and the research key of sub-unit vaccine.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (tadalafil) on the testis following testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

METHODSEighty-four healthy adult male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into groups A (sham operation), B (testicular torsion + low-dose tadalafil), C (testicular torsion + high-dose tadalafil), and D (testicular torsion + placebo). Models were established in the latter three groups by 7200 torsion of the right testis for 2 hours. The animals in groups A and B were treated by gavage with tadalafil at the dose of 0. 5 mg per kg per day, those in group C at 2 mg per kg per day, and those in group D with saline at the same dose. After 3, 7, and 14 days of treatment, the torsioned testes were harvested for evaluation of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the testis tissue. The pathological changes in the testis were observed under the light microscope.

RESULTSAt 3, 7, and 14 days, the SOD activity was (254.46 +/- 7.43), (278.49 +/- 8.33), and (317.99 +/- 3.31) nU/mg prot in group B, and (277.12 +/- 8.80), (309.40 +/- 2.14), and (320.39 +/- 4.72) nU/mg prot in group C, all obviously higher than in D ([223.21 +/- 4.65], [231.45 +/- 4.16] and [248.28 +/- 5.74] nU/mg prot), while the MDA content was lower in the former two groups than in the latter. At 3 and 7 days, the SOD activity was significantly higher and the MDA level significantly lower in group C than in B (both P < 0.01) , while at 14 days, neither showed any remarkable differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). No obvious histopathological change was observed in the testis tissue of group A. At 3 and 7 days, pathological examination of the testis tissue revealed significant differences in the number of seminiferous epithelial layers, testicular histological score, and seminiferous tubule diameter in group B (P < 0.01), but the three indexes at 14 days in group B and at 7 days in group C exhibited no remarkable differences from those at 14 days in group A.

CONCLUSIONTadalafil can alleviate testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury following testis torsion/detorsion in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Carbolines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Seminiferous Tubules ; pathology ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; complications ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tadalafil ; Testis ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors

The mechanisms of increased expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) during the formation of foam cells were explored. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was prepared by density gradient ultracentrifugation and oxidized by incubation with CuCl2. The human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) was cultured in RPMI1640. The differentiation of THP-1 cells into macrophages (MPs) was induced by using myristate acetate (PMA) for 48 h. The macrophages were then incubated with oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) to generate foam cells (FCs). The mRNA and protein expression levels of human TLR-4 were detected by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that the TLR-4 mRNA and the protein expression levels were significantly increased during the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages (P＜0.05) as well as during the formation of lipid-laden foam cells (P＜0. 05). It was concluded that the upregulation of human TLR-4 gene expression during the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and the differentiation of macrophages into foam cells could increase TLR-4 protein synthesis dramatically, which may enhance the ability of foam cells inflammation reaction in atherosclerosis.

Aim To observe the effect of interventional therapy of 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu), mitomycin C (MMC) and adriamycin (ADM) on solid malignant turmors in association with aterial infusion of NaHCO3.Methods Patients were randomly divided into two groups.With Seldinger technique,through the femoral atery to tumor atery.The patients in the control group were infused by anticarcinoma agents simply ,and patients in the treatment group were initially infused by NaHCO3,and then by NS 30 ml and anticarcinoma agents seperately. Results Partial remission (PR) in the group treated with NaHCO3 and anticarcinoma agents was significantly higher than in the group treated simply with anticarcinoma agents.Conclusion Aterial infusion of NaHCO3 into malignant tumors can increase the efficacy of ADM,MMC and 5-Fu.

AIM To compare the diuretic effects of Descurainiae Semen (DS),Coicis Semen (CS) and Plantaginis Semen (PS),and to observe their mechanical similarities and differences.METHODS Metabolic cage method was applied to investigating the diuretic effects of DS (2.34 g/kg),CS (7.00 g/kg) and PS (3.50 g/kg),whose diuretic mechanisms were studied by cryoscopic method,enzyme method,ion selective electrode method,ELISA and Western blot.RESULTS DS,CS and PS obviously increased saline-loaded rats' urine volume (P ＜ 0.05) and reduced their body weight (P ＜ 0.05) after administration for 7 h,which exhibited no significant effects on urine creatinine (Ucr),serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)(P ＞ 0.05).DS showed its diuretic effect mainly by lowering the levels of serum Na +,atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP),brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),pulmonary AQP3,renal AQP1 and AQP2;CS showed its diuretic effect mainly by reducing the levels of serum Na +,Cl-,ANP,pulmonary AQP3,gastric AQP3,renal AQP1 and AQP2;PS showed its diuretic effect mainly by decreasing the levels of serum Na + and Cl-,pulmonary AQP3,gastric AQP3,renal AQP1 and AQP2.CONCLUSION Three medicinal materials have significant diuretic effects without obvious renal harm.DS categorized as a medicinal plant of lung channel and tropism has a great effect on netriuretic peptide system,CS categorized as a medicinal plant of spleen channel and tropism has a great effect on gastric AQP3,and PS categorized as a medicinal plant of renal channel and tropism has a great effect on renal AQPs.

Objective:To explore the psychometric characteristics of the Chinese version of the health-related social capital scale.Methods:From March to May 2020, after the original scale was translated into Chinese following the Brislin improved translation model, 251 community-dwelling senior citizens aged 65 and above were selected by convenient sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0, including tests of significance, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis.Results:Exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors: social participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity, which accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 61.72%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model fitted well(χ 2/ df=1.22, RMSEA=0.04, CFI=0.98, GFI=0.93, IFI=0.98, TLI=0.97). Social capital was significantly correlated with perceived social support positively ( r=0.36, P<0.01), and with loneliness negatively ( r=-0.30, P<0.01). The three factors were significantly correlated with the total scale ( r=0.85, 0.50 and 0.52, respectively, all P<0.01). And correlations between the items of each factor were 0.24-0.55, 0.30-0.59, 0.44-0.70, respectively(all P<0.01). The Cronbach's α coefficients of the total scale and three factors were 0.74, 0.72, 0.65 and 0.62, respectively(all P<0.01), and their retest reliability were 0. 92, 0. 87, 0. 82 and 0. 96, respectively(all P<0.01). Conclusion:The Chinese version of health-related social capital scale conforms to the three-factor model with good reliability and validity, which can be used to assess the social capital status of community-dwelling older adults in China.