Mechanical ventilation plays an important role in the treatment of preterm infants,especially respiratory problems.With improvement in both antenatal and neonatal care and therapeutic strategies,premature babies are surviving more than ever.However,the incidence of bronchpulmonary dysplasia remains high which affects the clihical outcomes of premature infants.Non-invasive respiratory support techniques have been used in attempts to decrease lung injury and the complications of preterm infants.This review will focus on various ventilation modalities for managing preterm infants with respiratory failure and lung protective ventilation strategies to minimize lung injury in preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: Studies on encapsulated whole cel protein antigen ofHelicobacter pylori are stil at the exploration stage. There is limited literature concerning the preparation process andin vitro release characteristics of chitosan microspheres encapsulated with whole cel protein antigen ofHelicobacter pylori. OBJECTIVE:To explore the preparation process andin vitrorelease characteristics of chitosan microspheres encapsulating whole cel protein antigen ofHelicobacter pylori. METHODS: Precipitation method was used to prepare chitosan microspheres, and the best preparation process, matching and encapsulation time were screened. Under electron microscope, the morphology and particle size of microspheres were observed. Chitosan microspheres were used to encapsulateHelicobacter pylori whole cel protein antigen, and BCA method was used to determine encapsulation efficiency, encapsulation content and release efficiency in vitro of Helicobacter pylori whole cel protein antigen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Final concentration of 1% glacial acetic acid, sodium sulfate as crosslinking agent, pH=5.0, with no pulverization when the crosslinking agent was added was the best preparation process for chitosan microspheres. Electron microscopy showed the smooth surface morphology of microspheres with roundness and good dispersion, and the majority of the microspheres were 1-5 μm in diameter. The encapsulation efficiency ofHelicobacter pylori whole cel protein antigen microspheres was 80.4%, the encapsulated amount was 16.4%, and total 48-hour release rate was 19.4%.Helicobacter pylori whole cel protein antigen microspheres showed an overal slow release status. Chitosan microspheres show good encapsulation efficiency and amount ofHelicobacter pylori whole cel protein antigen, and Helicobacter pylori total bacteria protein antigen microspheres show an overal slow release status.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ (DPP-Ⅳ/CD26,EC 3.4.14.5),a transmembrane serine polypeptidase,is widely distributed and has diverse effects.As a dipeptidase,DPP-Ⅳ/CD26 could not only regulate the activity of many peptide hormones,neuropeptides,cytokines and growth factors via its peptidase function,but also mediate cell-matrix and cell-cell contact through interactions with other molecules or proteins as a surface antigen.DPP-Ⅳ/CD26 plays a regulatory role in immune activation,inflammation and tumorigenesis.This review covers the structure,distribution,physiological functions and changes in pathological state of Dpp-Ⅳ/CD26.

Objective To observe the effect of sinomenine on the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and expression level of MMP-3 secreted by FLS in rheumatoid arthritis in vitro. Methods FLS were obtained by digesting synovial tissues with collagens and were divided into four groups:sinomenine high, middle, low concentration and control group. The proliferation of FLS was assessed by methyl- thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and the mRNA expression of MMP-3 was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR respectively after treated by sinomenine. Results The rate of FLS proliferation was significantly reduced in groups treated by sinomenine. Compared with control group, the mRNA expression of MMP-3 markly decreased in sinomenine groups (P

Blood Gas Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; therapy ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Male ; Respiration, Artificial

Objective To study the effect of sodium hyaluronate(SH) on cornea preservation to provide a basis for eyes banks cornea preservation. Methods SH was applied in the short-term and middle-term cornea preservation. The preservation effect was evaluated by corneal morphology, trypan blue-alizarin red staining, activity assay of SDH and G-6-P enzymes, and ultrastructural observation of corneal endothelium. Results The above indices were obviously better in the experiment group than in the control group (P

Humans ; Noise, Occupational ; Occupational Exposure

Objective To study the effect of papaverine on vasospasm caused by PICC intubation with B-mode ultrasonography. Method Three mg papaverine were injected into the median cubital vein for at least 2 minutes in 15 patients with vasospasm. Results The vasospasm in the 15 patients was relieved 36~270 s seconds after injection. The followed intubation was all successful. There was no abnormality in their liver function and heart rate, or abnormal bleeding, or other serious complications. Conclusion Papaverine can relieve vasospasm caused by PICC intubation, so it can allow another intubation. It also can avoid delayed intubation reduce patients′pain and cost and reduce psychological pressure of the nursing practitioner.

Objective To explore the total treatment effect,layered diagnostic treatment effect,the relationship between effect and site of infection and common side effects of commonly used antifungal agents such as itraconazole,Voriconazole,caspofungin and amphotericin B liposome in invasive fungal infection with hematologic malignancies.Methods The clinical data of 117 cases of patients with hematologic malignancies combining with invasive fungal infection hospitalized in our department from Jan,2005 to Aug,2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The total effect rates of itraconazole,Voriconazole,caspofungin and amphotericin B liposome were 69.0%(40/58),77.4%(24/31),64.7%(11/17)and 63.6%(7/11)respectivley(P=0.726).In patients with pulmonary infection,the effect rates of the agents were 63.0%(17/27),85.7%(12/14),50.0%(4/8)and 62.5%(5/8)respectively(P=0.283),which itraconazole group was higher than that of the other agents.The effect rates of the 4 groups have similar rates in patients with liver and spleen candidiasis,fungemia and infections with unknown origin.The rates of 6 weeks survival were 86.2%,87.1%,70.6% and 72.7% respectively.The common side effects of itraconazole and Voriconazole were mainly gastrointestinal reaction and mild hypokalemia.There were few patients showed gastrointestinal reaction(12.1%) and hypokalemia(20.7%)in the former.Some individual showed visual abnormity(9.7%)and external vertebral body symptoms(6.4%).caspofungin showed mild toxic and side effects,which was only gastrointestinal reaction(15.4%),while they were common in amphotericin B liposome group,which were Chill and fever(81.8%),hypokalemia(100%),gastrointestinal reaction(18.2%)and liver damage(9.1%).Conclusion The total effect,layered diagnostic effect and 6 weeks survival rates were similar in itraconazole,Voriconazole,caspofungin and amphotericin B liposome in patients with hematologic malignancies combining with invasive fungal infection.

This paper aimed to introduce and review the antioxidant and material base of selaginella medicinal plants.On the basis of the systematic identification of selaginella medicinal plants,we found that the ethyl acetate extract and flavonoids could inhibit the activity of XOD,LOX or/and COX-2 to some extent.Fourteen biflavonoids,one flavonoid and five flavonoid glycosides have been isolated from three resource plants,among them five compounds were firstly reported and fifteen compounds were firstly isolated in selaginella plants.Amentoflavone (AME),robustaflavone and robustaflavone-4''-dimethylether are three common characteristic constituents of selaginella plants,which can act as marks of common active ingredients and be applied to evaluate the quality of selaginella.Further studies found that some plants had stronger anti-Coxsackie virus and anti-tumor effects,and their mechanisms were associated with inhibiting multiple oxidase and mitigating harm of free radicals due to whole function.