OBJECTIVE To evaluate the bioethical principles which should be followed in the epidemiological study of AIDS.METHODS Practicality of bioethical principles in epidemiological study of AIDS was evaluated by theoretical analysis method.RESULTS The important principles in the epidemiological study of AIDS are respect,beneficence/nonmaleficence and justice principles.CONCLUSIONS Following bioehical principle is the basis of epidemiological study of AIDS.

Objective To establish an acoustic perceptual method analyzing the compensatory articulation errors in children with operated cleft palate via the formants of Chinese pure vowels. Methods The first three formants which represent vocal transmission character in Chinese pure vowels of 84 subjects with operated cleft palate, were measured by Computerized Speech Signal Processing System (CSSPS). The Chinese vowel graph of postoperative patients with cleft palate was stated by the first formant frequencies (F1) and the second formant frequencies (F2) of the Chinese pure vowels between the two groups. Results Values of F1 and F2 of vowels except [a] in the poor articulation group (Group A) were significantly different from those in the good articulation group (Group B) (P<0.05 or P<0.01). As compared with that in Group B, the vowel graph demonstrated the decreased perceptual distances in Group A. These findings indicated that there might still be the backward movements of tongue, perverted mandibular movements and disharmonious lip movements in addition to the velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in Group A. Conclusion The speech articulation of children with repaired cleft palate should be gained by correcting the aberrant compensatory articulation errors in the condition of velopharyngeal competence. Computerized Speech Signal Processing System (CSSPS), which is regarded as the content of objective quantitative measurement, is a precise, simple, reliable and atroumatic technique for children with cleft palate to analyze pathological compensatory articulation errors.

Objective This paper analyzes the situation of confidential blood discarding in voluntary blood donation in Jiaxing in 2011-2016 years,and provides scientific evidence for ensuring the blood safety.Methods During 2011-2016 years,15 voluntary blood donors who required confidential blood donation in the blood bank were investigated for their reasons and characteristics.Results The blood discarding rate was 0.011％.15 cases were abandoned in the confidential blood discarding of voluntary blood donation in Jiaxing,in which 14 blood donors' 4 infectious disease markers were negative,1 blood donor was HIV positive,18-30 years old unmarried males are the main category of secrecy abandoned blood donors,the number of secondary donors who have high-risk behaviors or diseases are relatively small.The causes of confidentiality were mainly high risk behaviors (27％) and feculent sexual history (20％).Conclusion Blood donors' conscience to report the truth is quite important to improve the safety of blood transfusion,it is a must to prepare the training of staffs,to broaden the back way,strengthen the propaganda and education,strengthen the consultation work before the blood donation and provide a private security environment of abandoned blood for blood donors.

ObjectiveLamiophlomis rotate is the rare perfumes Tibetan medicine.This article aimed to explore the current research of Lamiophlomis rotate on the base of literature.MethodsEstablish database of researching literature on Lamiophlomis rotate in domestic published between 2000 and 2010.Results Altogether 210 articles distributed in 112 kinds of journals were found.These articles involved with 8 areas of clinical research(113 article),pharmacological research(18 article),component analysis(35 article),preparation process (15 article),breed and cultivation of seeds (4 article),new drug testing (3 article),biological characteristics and drug economics.32 articles gained fimancial assistance from fund.Three articles on breed and cultivation of seeds gained financial assistance from fund,occupying 75.00％ of such research.Conclusion There were few articles published in core journals,besides relatively scattered distribution of researching institute and journals.Studies on breed and cultivation of seeds should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and lipids in aged patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods Fourty-eight cases(observation group),who had been inpatients with cerebral infarction during May 2006 to May 2007,thirty healthy people(control group)contrasted and analyzed.Results The mean plasma homocysteine level and cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL)of aged patients with acute cereral infarction were significantly,higher than those of the control group,but high density lipoprotein(HDL)was lower(P＜0.01).No significant correlation between Hcy level and TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C level in serum.Conclusion Plasma homocysteine lexrel and lipids all siginificantly increased in aged patients with acute cereral infarction,and homocysteinemia is not related with lipids,but is an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the changes of CRP in diagnosis of the acute exacerbation of COPD and its significance.Method CRP and WBC were measured both when the patients just before and after the treatment with effective antibiotics to compare their change.Results The positive rate of CRP is 85.40%.and the difference Was obvious(P＜0.01).At the same time,the CRP's difference between before and after the use of antibiotics was also obvious(P＜0.01).Conclusion CRP is a sensitive and specific index to the acute exacerbation of COPD,and is helpful to discover this acute disease early as well as a good guide to estimate the serious of pneumonia sand to respond the efficacy of antibiotics.

Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura(HSP) is one of the most common vasculitides in children with many manifestations including skin purpura,arthritis,abdominal pain and renal involvement.The renal involvement(Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura nephritis,HSPN) is the principal cause of morbidity and major risk factor for prognosis in HSP.The paper reviewed the updated treatment strategy for HSPN.Accordingly,steroids,cyclophosphamide,mycophenolate mofetil,mizoribine,cyclosporine,triptolide,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) / angiotensin receptor blockers(ARB),plasma apheresis and tonsillectomy are possible indicator for the further therapy of HSPN.Furthermore,prospective randomized controlled treatment studies on children with severe HSPN would be needed.

Objective To investigate the effect of percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL) on patients with different body mass index.Methods The clinical data of 84 patients with kidney stones who were treated with PCNL surgical treatment were enrolled in this study,and they were divided into different groups according to body mass index (BMI),including 16 cases of BMI ＜ 18.5 kg/m2(low BMI group),36 cases of 18.5 kg/m2≤BMI ＜24.0 kg/m2 (normal BMI group),32 cases of BMI≥24.0 kg/m2 (high BMI group),and the curative effect was evaluated.Results Three groups' operation time,multichannel gravel rate,stones clearance,length of hospital stay,blood transfusion rate had no significant difference (P ＞0.05),the incidence of complications in low BMI group [31.25％ (5/16)] was obviously higher than that in normal BMI group [5.56％(2/36)] and high BMI group [9.38％(3/32)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion BMI of PCNL surgery influences on certain effect,low BMI will affect patients with surgery tolerance,cause complications increase,obesity wifl increase the difficulty of the operation.

Objective To analyze the surface-electromyography (sEMG) signals of patients with lumbar disc herniation before and after core stability exercise therapy.Methods Thirty-eight cases diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were randomly divided into a control group (n =19) and an experimental group (n =19) using a random number table.The former was given two weeks' conventional traction physiotherapy,while the latter was given another two weeks of core stability exercise of lumbar and dorsal muscles after the conventional treatment.All of the patients were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and each was given a Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) score,sEMGs were recorded before and after 4 weeks of treatment.Results After treatment,average VAS scores[(1.11 ±0.74) and (0.95 ±0.62) respectively] and JOA scores[(21.05 ±3.08) and (23.47 ±2.04) respectively] in the control and experimental group both had improved significantly compared to that before treatment (P ＜ 0.01).The average JOA score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01) after the treatment.After treatment of 4 weeks,erector spinae median frequency (MF) values(84.84 ± 12.78) and erector spinae average amplitude (AEMG) value (108.94 ± 24.70) in the experimental group were significantly improved(P ＜ 0.05),so did the multifidus muscles MF value(95.63 ± 16.35) of affected side.There was no significant difference between the affected and unaffected side (P ＞ 0.05).Moreover,the MF values of the experimental group were significantly higher than that the control group (P ＜ 0.05) after treatment.There was significant difference between the average AEMG values of erector spinae of affected side before and after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Core stability exercise can further alleviate the symptoms of lumbar disc herniation after conventional traction physiotherapy.It improves the fatigue tolerance of the back's core muscles and relieves functional imbalance of the multifidus muscles.However,the time of therapy should be lengthened to study its effect on strengthening lumbar muscles.