Beta blocker can be categorized by non-selective agents,selective agents and agents with vasodilatory effect.Beta blocker therapy represents a major advance in the treatment of heart failure patients.The mechanisms include up-regulation of beta receptor,reversing remodeling,improving contractile and diastolic function,antiarrhythmia and anti-ischemia.Evidences from randomized controlled clinical trials have supported its use in the treatment of patients with heart failure to decrease mortality and improve life quality.Guidelines with various versions recommend that ?-blockers are indicated for patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic heart failure and a depressed ejection fraction of lower than 40%.There is something to be noticed for rational use of ?-blockers such as timing,dosage,duration and contraindications.

G protein takes part in several cell signal transmition and produces a lot of biological effects. G protein ? 3 subunit gene polymorphism is related to hypertension and its complication and individual difference of blood pressure decreasing possibly.

Objective To explore the effect of high-fat diet on IRS-1 and IRS-2 expressions of fatty liver in rat. Methods After the rats were fed a high-fat diet (n=7) and a standard chow(n=7) for 8 weeks, insulin sensitivity,lipid metabolism, TNF-α and hepatic mRNA and protein expressions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 were measured. Results Compared with the normal control, the high-fat diet group displayed the elevated levels of insulin resistance,FFA and TNF-α.Hepatic IRS-1 mRNA expression and IRS-1 protein content were reduced by 28% and 32%(P<0.01),respectively. Similarly, hepatic IRS-2 mRNA and IRS-2 protein content were also reduced by 30% and 27% (P<0.01), respectively. Conclusions High-fat diet results in a significant decrease in expressions of mRNA and protein of hepatic IRS-1 and IRS-2 in rats, which might be one of the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in liver steatosis induced by high-fat diet

Objective To investigate the roles of transcription factor GATA-3 and T-bet at the fetal- maternal interface in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods The expression of GATA-3 and T-bet mRNA was examined by in situ hybridization.Decidua was obtained from 20 women with URSA and 20 normal pregnant(NP)women.Results(1)The number of GATA-3 positive cells per high power field in women with URSA(25?16)was significantly lower than those in NP women(38?16)(P

Objective To explore the effect of high-fat diet on IRS-1 and IRS-2 expressions of fatty liver in rat. Methods After the rats were fed a high-fat diet (n=7) and a standard chow(n=7) for 8 weeks, insulin sensitivity,lipid metabolism, TNF-? and hepatic mRNA and protein expressions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 were measured. Results Compared with the normal control, the high-fat diet group displayed the elevated levels of insulin resistance,FFA and TNF-?.Hepatic IRS-1 mRNA expression and IRS-1 protein content were reduced by 28% and 32%(P

Objective To evaluate the association between gene polymorphism of aldosterone synthese gene CYP11B2(-344T/C)and essential hypertension and to observe the antihypertensive response to Valsartan in Han nationality in Beijing.Methods Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the polymorphism of aldosterone synthese gene CYP11B2(-344T/C)in 345 hypertensive patients(EH)and 157 normotensive controls(NE)from Aug.1999 to Oct.2003.Clinical blood pressure and biochemical index were also detected.Blood pressure was repeated in 98 patients with Valsartan treatment for 4 weeks.Results The frequencies of CC+CT genotype of aldosterone synthese gene CYP11B2(-344T/C)polymorphism among EH was significantly higher than that among NE(P

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA),which affects 1% to 5% of women of reproductive age,is difficult to treat in the clinical setting. In the investigations of immunopathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of RSA since the late 1980s,it was found that RSA was associated with abnormal maternal local or systemic immune response,the pathogenesis of autoimmune RSA was mainly associated with antiphosphlipid antibody (APA),while that of alloimmune RSA was due to the disturbance of maternofetal immunological tolerance. Systemic etiological screening process and diagnosis systems of RSA with immune type were developed,and anticardiolipin (ACL)+? 2-GP1 combining multiple assay for effective diagnosis of RSA with immune type was initially established. According to dynamic monitoring clinical parameters before and during gestation,low-dose,short-course and individual immunosuppressive therapy and lymphocyte immunotherapy for RSA with immune type were initiated. The outcomes of the offsprings of patients with RSA were followed up,and the safety and validity of the therapies were confirmed. The research achievement leads to great progress in the diagnosis and treatment of RSA in China.

Objective Aim To investigate the effects of high-burden thrombus on outcomes of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods Seventy-three elderly patients with ST elevated acute myocardial infarction(STEAMI)within 12 hours from onset received emergency PCI.They were divided into the high-burdern thrombus group(n=26)and the low-burden thrombus group(n=47)according to coronary artery angiography result.Mortality of 30 days,peak value of CK-MB,ejection fraction(EF)and TIMI flow after PCI were compared.Results The occurance of high-burden thrombus in infarct-related arteries was 35.6% which was more often common in right coronary artery.The rate of TIMI3 flow after PCI in high-burden thrombus group was lower than that of the low-burdn thrombus group.The 30-day-mortality and peak CM-MB level in the high-burden thrombus group was higher than that of the low-burden thrombus group.Conclusion High burden thrombus is an important factor of prognosis in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction after emergency PCI.

Objective To develop an ELISA for detection of anti-dsDNA antibody by using plasmid DNA as antigen.Methods DNA in plasmid pBV220 for prokaryotic expression vector was purified by base-cleavage. The microtiterplates were pretreated by poly-L-lysine and coated by the plasmid DNA in a dilution of 1∶50 as antigen. An ELISA method for detection of serum anti-dsDNA antibodies was developed with HRP-SPA as enzyme-labeled marker.The IIF using crithidia lucilia as substrate was performed simultaneously for comparison. The serum samples from 64 patients with SLE, 8 with MCTD and 17 with RA were detected. Results The concentration of DNA was 1 54 g/L by UV spectrophotometer at wavelength of 260 nm. The positive percentage of ELISA for anti-dsDNA was higher than that of IIF. By comparison with IIF the positive percentages in SLE, MCTD and RA groups were 23 4% vs 17 2%, 12 5% vs 12 5% and 11 8% vs 5 9%, respectively, and the coincident rates between the 2 methods were 93 8%, 100% and 94 1% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the developed ELISA for detection of anti-dsDNA were 100% and 93 4% when IIF was as gold standard.Conclusion The ELISA by using plasmid DNA as antigen to detect anti-dsDNA has fine precision, sensitivity and specificity. Its positive rate is higher than that of IIF thus it will contribute to monitor the activities for SLE patients′ condition.

Objective To investigate the risk factors,clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and history of stroke. Methods A total of 771 patients with acute myocardial infarction diagnosed and admitted to Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2005 to March 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into either a stroke group (n=387)or a control group (n=384)according to whether they had previous ischemic stroke or not. The risk factors for cardiovascular disease,clinical characteristics of the disease,and clinical outcomes of the patients in both groups were compared through the case control analysis. The endpoint events observed were acute ischemic stroke,cerebral hemorrhage,and cause of death during hospitalization. Results (1)The median age of the patients in both stroke and control groups was 71 (37-91 )and 62 (29-90 )years respectively. The female patients in the stroke group were more than those in the control group (n=125 vs. n=91). The incidence of complicated with hypertension (72. 9%[n=282]and 47. 6%[n=183]) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (39. 0%[n=151]and 20. 8%[n=80]respectively)were high. There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01). (2)The time from the onset to admission in patients of the stroke group was longer than that in patients of the control group (median 11 h vs. 4 h). The incidence of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (16. 0%[n = 62 ]and 1. 8%[n = 7 ] respectively)was higher. The incidences of complicated with gastric stress ulcer (7. 0%[n =27 ]and 2. 1%[n=8]respectively),atrial fibrillation (10. 6%[n=41]and 3. 9%[n=15]respectively),and acute pulmonary edema-cardiac function Killip class≥Ⅱ(51. 9%[n =201 ]and 37. 8%[n =145 ] respectively)were more higher. The findings of coronary angiography in patients of the stroke group were that the incidence of left main coronary artery or 3 -branch lesion higher than that of the control group (52. 9%[126/238]and 32. 4%[97/299]respectively). There was significant difference (P <0. 05). (3)The incidence of new stroke in patients of the stroke group (5. 7%[n =22 ]and 1. 8%[n =7 ] respectively)and in hospital mortality (13. 7%[n=53]and 7. 6%[n=29]respectively)were higher than those of the control group. There were significant differences (P<0. 01). Conclusion The age of the patients with acute myocardial infarction with previous identified history of stroke is older. The incidence of female patients is higher than that of the non-stroke patients,and most of them have risk factors that complicated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. These patients often have the complications with peptic ulcer disease and heart failure,and their coronary angiography often show multi-branch lesions,and they are more prone to ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular events during the hospitalization.