Objective To compare the clearing effect between combination use of mosapride and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylene glycol only for colonoscopy preparation of patients with constipation caused by functional diseases.Methods A total of 212 adult patients who underwent colonoscopy examination were recruited to this randomized single blinded controlled study.Patients in control group received 3 liters of PEG only,whereas patients of experimental group received 10mg mosapride 30min before 3liter PEG.The patients were surveyed for the tendency of constipation.Experimental variables including time of first defecation and completion of bowel cleansing,defecation frequency,and degree of discomfort during colonoscopy preparation were recorded.Results The times of first defecation and completion of bowel cleansing of experimental group were shorter than those of control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ),but there were no significant differences in defecation frequency,the degree of discomfort and the bowel cleansing quality between 2 groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The percentages of patients with constipation in control and experimental groups were 26.61％ and 26.67％,respectively.The defecation frequency and the degree of discomfort of constipative patients were similar in both groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The time of first defecation and time of completion of bowel cleansing of constipative patients in experimental group were shorter than those in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The bowel cleansing quality of constipative patients in experimental group was better than that of control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no difference in defecation frequency and adverse reaction between 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Combination of mosapride and PEG for colonoscopy preparations of patients with functional constipation tends to shorten times of first defecation and completion of bowel cleansing,and to increase the bowel cleansing quality.

Biotech is currently the fastest growing sector in drug industry. Globally biotech products generated revenues of $55bn in 2004, in a total drug market worth $550bn. The USA is the primary market of biotech products, being the source of approximately half of sales in 2004. About 55% of biopharmaceuticals’ sales in 2004 came from the five leading products (Erythropoietin,Interferon,Human insulin,G-CSF,Rituximab).Great progress has been made in the biotech market of China over the last few years. About 60%~70% of recombinant protein biopharmaceuticals are expressed in mammalian cells in USA and EU, while most recombinant protein biopharmaceuticals are expressed in E.coli in China. Most biopharmaceuticals expressed in mammalian cell can’t be manufactured in China. The biotech industry comprise numerous, mostly small organizations. These organizations typically employ less than 100 people. Most biotech companies have never brought a product to market before they disappear. Therefore, it is very important for biotech companies to make an appropriate development strategy.

Objective:To investigate the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGF-C) and tumor infiltrating dendritic cells(TIDC) in invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells and to investigate the relationship between VEGF-C expression and TIDC infiltration in gastric cancer.Methods:Fifty-two patients,who were pathologically diagnosed with gastric carcinoma and received gastrectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2004 to 2006,were enrolled in this study.The expression of VEGF-C and infiltration of dendritic cells were examined by immunohistochemical staining(S-ABC method),using anti-VEGF-C polyclonal antibody and anti-S-100 polyclonal antibody,and the relationship between them was investigated.Results:(1) In poorly differentiated and well/moderately differentiated cancer patients,the rates of positive of VEGF-C expression were 75.86% and 44.23%,respectively(P 0.05);the rates of serosa invasion in the high density group and low density TIDC patients were 36.36% and 70%,respectively(P

Objective To compare vacuum-assisted excision with periareola incision surgery for benign breast cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty one patients with benign breast nodules treated in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2015 were enrolled in the study,including 58 cases received vacuum-assisted excision (study group) and 63 cases received periareola incision surgery (control group).There were no differences in age[(30.2 ±5.4) vs.(32.1 ±6.2) years] and tumor diameter[(1.3 ±0.4) vs.(1.5 ± 0.3) cm] between two groups.Results There were no severe complications in both groups.Compared with the control group,the operation time was shorter] (20.4 ±4.7) vs.(48.2 ± 15.4)min,t =3.165,P =0.006],intraoperative blood loss was less [(18.4 ± 5.7) vs.(17.2 ± 3.7) ml,t =-0.297,P =0.672],malformation rate was lower [5.2％ (3/58)vs.22.2％ (14/63),x2 =7.27,P =0.007],incidence of postoperative hematoma was higher [20.7％ (10/58) vs.6.3％ (4/63),x2 =3.502,P =0.041],and the cost of surgery was more expensive(5 100 ± 300) vs.(3 400 ± 1 200) Yuan,t =2.181,P =0.023].Conclusion Comparing with conventional periareolar incision surgery,the vacuum-assisted excision has its advantages and disadvantages for treatment benign breast tumors,and two surgical modalities can be chosen accordingly.

Objective To discriminate the species and individual identification with mitochondrial DNA (mtD-NA) sequencing in forensic medicine practice. Methods The multiplex PCR of mtDNA loop - D high - variation region and cytochrome- b region were investigated. The PCR products were detected with silver- stain method,followed by analysis of the PCR products with fluorescence sequence technique. Results The presence of two bands (358bp,279bp ) indicated the samples were from human, while only one band of 358bp indicated nonhuman origin. The part of mitochondrial DNA loop - D high - variation region (15997 ~ 16236) from 131 unrelated individuals of Guangdong population were sequenced. In all of these samples there were 69 nucleotide variations and 67 haplo-types.There was 2.679 mutation sites on average per person. The polymorphism was 97.92% . Conclusion The methods described here are reliable and very useful in species and personal identification of degraded samples.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for treating spontaneous chylothorax. Methods Four patients with spontaneous chylothorax were treated by VATS from April 2000 to October 2003. Results Operations were successfully completed in all the 4 patients. The operative time was 40, 52, 55, and 95 min, respectively (mean, 60.5 min). The postoperative chest drainage time was 3~8 d (mean, 5.2 d). The postoperative hospital stay was 8~13 d (mean, 10.5 d). No severe complications or operative mortality were seen. Conclusions Treatment of spontaneous chylothorax by VATS gives advantages of less invasion and quick recovery.

Objective:To investigate the changes of ultrastructure of myocardial cells and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in myocardium tissue of the diabetic rabbits during early myocardial ischemia and their mechanisms,and to provide the theoretical basis for studying the pathogenesis of diabetic myocardial ischemia injury.Methods:A total of 42 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were chosen.The method of intravenous injection of alloxan in ear vein was used to establish the diabetic models in 26 rabbits among 42 rabbits;the method of partial ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery by thoracotomy was used to establish the diabetic myocardial ischemia models in 22 model rabbits with diabetes.A total of 16 (modeling succesfully) were divided into diabetic myocardial ischemia 7 d group and 28 d group;other 16 rabbits were used as sham operation groups at the relevant time points(7 and 28 d),and there were 8 rabbits in each group.The ultrastructure of myocardial cells was observed by transmission electron microscope;the apoptosis index (AI) of myocardial cells in ischemic myocardium tissue of the rabbits was detected by TUNEL method;the expression levels of TNF-α in ischemic myocardium tissue of the rabbits were detected by real-time RT-PCR method.Results:In sham operation groups,the nuclei of myocardial cells was bigger,the nuclear chromatin was in uniform distribution,the myofibril ordered arrangement,the sarcomere was neat;the mitochondria between myofibril were rich,and their structures were clear.For the rabbits in diabetic myocardial ischemia group,their early-stage cardiocyte nuclei were irregular in shape,myofibrils was loose in structure,the part of myofibril was broken,and the mitochondrial hyperplasia between the myocardial cells was obvious.Compared with sham operation groups,the AI of myocardial cells and the expression levels of TNF-α in the ischemic myocardial cells of the rabbits in diabetic myocardial ischemia 7 d and 28 d groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the indexes mentioned above in diabetic myocardial ischemia 7 d group was higher than those in diabetic myocardial ischemia 28 d group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The destruction of ultrasturctue and obvious apoptosis of the myocardial cells of the rabbits occur in the early stage of diabetic myocardial ischemia.The increasing of expression level of TNF-α may involve in the myocardial ischemic injury.

Objective To study the relation between the quantity of DNA extracted by Chelex-100 method and multiplex STRs analysis.Methods DNA extracted from a variety of common forensic casework specimens were quantified by using Real-time PCR,and then amplified with AmpFLSTR IdentifilerTM PCR Amplification kit.ResultsAccording to the results of quantification,the quantities of DNA extracted from 113 samples by Chelex-100 method were adjusted to 0.5~3ng for establishing 8?l amplification system,and in this condition,most of 113 forensic casework specimens could be successfully genotyped.Conclusion When the quantity of DNA extracted by Chelex-100 method ranged from 0.5ng to 3ng,most results of multiplex STRs analysis were satisfying.Moreover,the amplification effect of 1?l DNA template was better than 3?l DNA template when the concentrations of extracted DNA were more than 0.5ng/?l.

Objective To describe the prevalence and distribution of anxiety disorders among people aged 18～65 yrs in Liaoning Province. Methods 15 518 subjects in 7 200 families aged 18～65 yrs were randomly selected from 3 cities and 3 counties by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling.They were assessed for DSMⅢ-R diagnoses by face to face interview with Composite International Diagnostic Interview(CIDI-1.0). Results There were 13 359 subjects had finished the survey,and the response rate was 86.09%.The 2-week,12-month and lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders were 2.22%,4.60% and 7.21% regulated by Liaoning provincial population in 2000,and1.91%,3.97%and6.32% regulated by countrywide population in 2000.The major disorders were specific phobia and agoraphobia,and their lifetime prevalence were 3.80% and 3.04%,respectively.The people with higher prevalence were females,aged 25~55,with lower educational and economic level. Conclusion Anxiety disorders become a serious public health problem in Liaoning province.Prevention measures should be taken among people with high risk.

To detect STR genotypes of degraded DNA from decomposed tissues. The PCR apmlified products of 40 degraded DNA samples, which were purified from decomposed muscles after death for 1～6 weeks, were separated by denaturing polyacrylamide. The genotypes were analyzed by 377 DNA sequencer and 2 fluorescence-based multiplex amplification systems which contain 12 STR loci and lsex locus. The specific PCR products of 12 STR loci and 1 sex locus of the 40 samples were typed precisely and rapidly. The method described here is very useful in forensic case works, especially for the seriously degraded DNA samples.