Objective To evaluate the effect of mechanical dilation on cardia achalasia under an endoscope.Methods A total of 62 patients with cardia achalasia were treated with mechanical dilation by using a self-designed dilator under a gastroscope.Of the cases,one had experienced a failure of heller surgery,and four had received ballon dilation before the gastroscopy.Results Among the cases,2 were convered to open thoracic surgery becaues of rupture of the esophagus,1 patient could not tolerate the operation,1 received a second dilation because of unsatisfied outcome of the first attempt.In the other 58 patients,the surgery was completed in the first attempt.The mean dilation time was 3.5 minutes(ranged from 2 to 5 minutes).Slight mucosal hemorrhage was observed during the operation,while no continuous bleeding occurred.Cold liquid diet was given to the patients 2 hours after the dilation,and then semiliquid diet was prescribed in 6 hours,after that the patients began to take normal diet gradually.The patients were followed up for 2 to 11 years with a mean of 7.5.All of them were cured without recurrence.Conclusions Endoscopic mechanical dilation is microinvasive,safe,and effective for cardia achalasia.It is worth being widely used because of a low cost and reliable long-term outcomes.

Child ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Humans ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; genetics

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics

Objective To analyze the second time blood screening results of ALT deferred donors,and to evaluate the importance of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) testing on the improvement of blood safety.Methods The ALT testing results of 565 360 blood donors from Feb.2006 to Jan.2008 of Shanghai Blood Center were studied retrospectively.The screening results and donation intervals of such donors who delayed their donation just because of their former unqualified ALT level were also analyzed.Results A total of 32 042 donors(5.67%) failed in ALT testing among 565 360 donors.And 3 395 ALT deferred donors participated the second time blood donation,among which 2 205(64.95%) passed the blood screening tests,while the other 1 190(35.05%) failed.Among the 1 190 unqualified blood donors,1 151(33.90%)failed again in ALT testing,and 11(0.32%) in Syphilis,12(0.35%) in HBsAg,7(0.21%) in anti-HCV and 1 in anit-HIV(0.03%).Meanwhile,donors failed both in ALT testing combined with HBsAg,anti-HCV,and anit-HIV sero-converted were 1(0.03%),2(0.06%) and 1(0.03%),respectively.And 72.64% of ALT deferred donors participated the second time blood donation within 6 months.The average donation intervals of donors with qualified ALT level but sero-converted were 140 days(from 24 to 267 days),and those with both unqualified ALT level and sero-converted were 158 days(from 91 to 220 days).Conclusion Before the new methods such as NAT were applied to blood donation screening system,ALT test could prevent the window-period failure of ELISA screening so as to improve the blood safety.

ObjectiveTo investigate advantage and disadvantage of different rehabilitation therapies used for cerebral palsy (CP) children complicated with epilepsy (EP).Methods140 CP children complicated with EP screened from 1402 CP cases, were analyzed for CP and EP types, MRI or CT, brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP). All cases were treated with anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs). Different rehabilitation therapies, including electrotherapeutic modalities, acupuncture, point injection, cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection, manual therapy, functional training, Chinese herb braising therapy, and cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection were assessed.ResultsIn all 140 cases, a majority of EP types were myoclonic seizure and west syndrome, CP type was spasticity. Abnormality showed in MRI or CT (98%) and BAEP (90%). AEDs were effective for all 140 cases. Electrotherapeutic modalities, acupuncture, point injection, and cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection could make EP severely, but manual therapy, functional training, Chinese herb braising therapy, cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection had no adverse effects on EP cases.ConclusionThe principles of rehabilitation treatment for the CP children complicated with EP are taking AEDs early and in a long term, avoiding electrotherapeutic modalities, acupuncture, point injection, and cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection, using manual therapy, functional training, Chinese herb braising therapy, and cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection.

To summarize the experience about the preoperative and postoperative nursing of 11 cases with neurogenic bladder treated by sacral neuromodulation. The main nursing interventions of this procedure involved accurate recording of voiding diaries and postvoid residual, effective psychological nursing and health education of related disease information, standard videourodynamic examination. 11 patients acquired more or less benefit after the screening test and were discharged successfully, among them 2 cases had the permanent implantation of the stimulation device.

AIM: To summarize clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome ( ICE ) and investigate the treatment and prognosis.
METHODS:The clinical data of 12 cases (12 eyes) who received treatment in southwest hospital during Jun. 2007 to Feb. 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The essential progressive atrophy of iris included 7 eyes, Chandler syndrome included 3 eyes, Congan - Reese syndrome included 2 eyes.
RESULTS: A total of 8 eyes were carried out once or multiple filtration surgery; 4 eyes were treated with glaucoma valve implantation. Postoperative follow- up time ranged from 15mo to 5y with the average of 30mo. Three months to 16mo after the surgery, the intraocular pressure of 4 patients were elevated again. Postoperative intraocular pressure was poorly controlled.
CONCLUSION:ICE syndrome is a group of clinically rare and serious eye disease. The excessive proliferation of ICE cells causes the existence of the corneal endothelial cells adhesion to the chamber angle and iris surface, which cause iris atrophy, secondary glaucoma, corneal endothelial decompensation. Currently, glaucoma filtration surgery and glaucoma valve implantation can only control intraocular pressure for several months, but the long-term prognosis is poor.

Objective To analyze and evaluate the efficay of split liver transplantation in children.Method From September 2006 to December 2014,210 children were treated with liver transplantation in Tianjin First Central Hospital.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and the difference in postoperative survival was compared between the groups.The 210 childrens were categorized into living donor liver transplantation group (183 cases) and split liver transplantation group (27 cases) based on their operation styles.In living group,all donors to recipients were immediate relatives within three generations.In split group,all donors were men,and livers were obtained from no heartbeat donors.Postoperatively,tacrolimus combined a duplex of prednisolone served as immunosuppression scheme.The survival and incidence of complications were observed.Result There was significant difference in the sex ratio between two groups (P＜0.05).The donor liver cold ischemia time was significantly longer in split group than in living group (P＜0.05).The 1-month,6-month,1-year and 2-year overall survival rate in 210 recipients was 99.5％,98.1％,96.2％ and 94.2％ respectively.The median follow-up time in living group and split group was 15.2months and 26.1 months,respectively.The 1-mont,6-month,1-year and 2-year survival rate was 99.5％,96.7％,92.6％ and 74.1 ％ in living group,and 97.8％,96.2％,77.8％ and 74.0％ in split group,respectively (P＜0.05).During the follow-up period,8 cases died (29.6％) in split group (5deaths due to infection and sepsis,and 3 deaths due to multiple organ failure),and 10 cases died (5.5％) in living group (6 deaths due to infection and sepsis,and 4 deaths due to multiple organ failure).Conclusion In the case of strict selection of donors,split liver transplantation can obtain good effect,but the incidence of complications is higher than living donor liver transplantation.Especially,the biliary complications should be prevented and managed actively.

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene-rs1007888 and the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods A total of 120 GDM pregnant women (GDM group) and 165 healthy pregnant women (control group) from Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Qingdao University were recruited from June 2011 to July 2012.Their age,gestational week,height and weight were recorded.The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FIN) were determined.Body mass index (BMI),the hemeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hemeostasis model assessment-β cell function (HOMA-β) were calculated.DNA was extracted from fasting blood samples.SNP of MIFrs1007888G/A was determined by DNA sequencing.The FBG,FIN,HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were compared between GDM group and the control group.They were also compared among pregnancies withdifferent genotypes.Results (1) GDM group had higher FBG,FIN and HOMA-IR levels,but lower HOMA-β than the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) MIF-rs1007888 SNP genotype frequencies of GG,GA and AA were 37.5％,45.8％ and 16.7％,and the allelic frequencies of G and A were 60.4％,39.6％ in GDM group; However,in the control group,the frequencies of GG,GA and AA were 26.1％,54.5％ and 19.4％,and the allelic frequencies of G and A were 53.3％,46.7％,respectively.The distributions of MIF genotypes in GDM patients were significantly different from the healthy subjects (P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference of MIF-rs1007888 allele distributions was observed between GDM group and the control group (P ＞0.05).(3) The FBG,FIN and HOMA-IR in pregnant women with GG genotype were statistically higher than those with GA or AA genotypes,while HOMA-β was lower in women with GG genotype (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions The SNP of MIF rs-1007888 was related to the insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function of pregnant women.GG genotype of MIF-rsl007888 might be a genetic susceptible factor in the pathogenesis of GDM.

Objective To estimate the relationship of the functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1052133 in the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) gene with vitiligo in a Chinese Han population.Methods Blood samples were collected from 800 patients with vitiligo and 800 healthy human controls,and subjected to genomic DNA extraction.PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was performed to analyze the genotype of the SNP rs1052133 in the OGG1 gene.The relationship between the SNP and the risk of vitiligo was evaluated by chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to assess the serum level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in 83 patients with vitiligo and 83 healthy human controls,then,t test was used to compare the serum 8-OHdG level between the patients and controls.Results The frequency of CC,CG and GG genotype of the SNP rs1052133 was 16.8％,54.0％ and 29.2％ respectively in the patients,21.4％,52.8％ and 25.8％respectively in the controls (x2 =6.26,P ＜ 0.05).Increased frequency of G allele of the SNP rs1052133 was observed in the patients with vitiligo compared with the controls (56.2％ vs.52.2％,x2 =5.16,P ＜ 0.05).A statistically increased risk of vitiligo was associated with the CG (x2 =3.98,P ＜ 0.05,adjusted odds ratio 1.31,95％ confidence interval:1.01-1.70) and GG (x2 =6.01,P ＜ 0.05,adjusted odds ratio 1.45,95％ confidence interval:1.08-1.94) genotype of SNP rs1052133 compared with the CC genotype,which was more evident among the patients with the following characteristics:female,nonsegmental vitiligo,active vitiligo,long clinical course (＞ 12 months),a family history of vitiligo,and no accompanied autoimmune diseases.In addition,the patients with the CG or GG genotype of SNP rs1052133 had a higher serum 8-OHdG level than those with the CC genotype ((838.23 ± 294.11) μg/L vs.(593.84 ± 190.14) μg/L,t =3.63,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The SNP rs1052133 in the OGG1 gene may be responsible for the development of vitiligo in Chinese Han populations,which is likely to be associated with defects in DNA repair.