Type B ultrasonic scanning was performed routinely for 10 944 pregnant women at their third semester when they visited outpatient department or were admitted to our hospital during January 2004 to December 2008, and their fetal heart rate, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and neonate conditions were monitored and recorded during delivery. The sensitivity and specificity of type B ultrasonic were 95.74% (3301/3448) and 96. 25 % (7215/7496). Umbilical abnormality was diagnosed in 3448 pregnancies by type B ultrasonic scanning, with prevalence of 31.51%, cesarean section was performed in 44.00 %, fetal distress occurred in 18. 27% of them, 15.46% of them with Apgar score equal to or less than seven, and fetal death occurred in 2. 41% of them, all significantly higher than those in pregnant women without umbilical abnormal (23. 77%, 8. 56%, 7.84% and 1.36%, respectively, all P ＜0. 01 ). Cesarean section was performed in 41.90 % of those with 0. 8 cm or more in the notch depth of nuchal cord entanglement,fetal distress occurred in 29.76% of them, 25.30% of them with Apgar score equal to or less than seven and fetal death occurred in 4. 05% of them, all significantly higher than those in pregnant women with the notch depth less than 0. 8 cm (20. 22%, 8. 60%, 9. 26% and 0. 54%, respectively, all P ＜0. 01 ). Type B ultrasonic scanning plays an important role in clinical diagnosis for umbilical abnormality, guiding selection of delivery method and improving neonatal prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of leg ischemic postconditioning on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats. Methods Forty male diabetic SD rats weighing 270-320 g were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (n=10 each):group Ⅰcontrol (C);group Ⅱ sham operation (S);group Ⅲ fecal cerebral ischemia-repertusion (I/R) and group Ⅳ leg ischemic postconditioning (IPC). Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin. Local cerebral I/R was produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h followed by 6 h reperfusion. A nylon thread with rounded tip was inserted into internal carotid artery and threaded cranially until resistance was felt. Leg isebemia was induced by placing tourniquet on beth legs at 30 min before repeffusion. The animals underwent 3 episodes of 5 min leg ischemia at 5 min intervals. Neuro-functional deficit was assessed and recorded at the end of 6h reperfusion using neurologic deficit scores (NDS) (0=no deficit, 4=unable to crawl and semiconscious). The animals were then decapitated and their brains were removed for determination of volume of cerebral infaret (by TIC staining) and ratio' of neuronal apoptosis (by TUNEL). Results NDS and cerebral infarct volume were significantly increased at the end of 6 h reperfusion in group I/R and IPC as compared with group C and S. IPC significantly decreased cerebral infarct volume and ratio of neuronal apoptosis induced by MCAO. There was no significant difference in NDA between group I/R and IPC. Conclusion Leg iscbemic postconditioning can protect the brain against focal cerebral I/R injury in diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate effects of limbs ischemic postconditioning induced remote postconditioning (RPostC) on mitochondria structure and function after focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion(I/R) injury in diabetic rats. Methods The diabetic rats models were induced by injecting streptozotocin into abdominal cavity. I/R rats models were made by MCAO with thread. Forty male SD rats models were assigned to 4 groups: control group; sham operation group; I/R group;RPostC group ( n=10 ) . 6 h after the reperfusion, the brains were obtained for HE staining. The mitchondria were isolated and content of MDA,the activities of SOD,Na+/K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase and GSH-Px were tested. Morphological changes of neuronal mitochondria were observed by electronic microscope. Results In the I/R group,the content of mitchondria MDA[(4.99?1.25) nmol/mgprot]were markedly increased (P

Objective To study morphological characteristics of placenta in severe pregnancy induced hypertension (SPIH) and its relationship to pregnant outcome. Methods Morphological changes were observed by light microscopy; Blood biochemical analyses were used to predispose pregnant outcome. Results Difference in pathological changes of placental bed between normal term pregnancy (NTP) and SPIH groups was significant: the placental weight, proliferation of cytotrophoblasts, numbers of the placental villi with syncytial knots, thickness of basal lamina, fibrinoid necrosis and deposition of matrix, stromal edema and fibrosis of villi, the vascular numbers of villi, stasis; lack of physiologic changes in decidual spiral arteries. Clinical examination showed that the rate of anemia, thrombocytopenia, blood concentration, hypoproteinemia, ascites, eye ground artery spasm in SPIH were higher in NIT. Conclusions Pathological changes of placenta play important roles in development of SPIH, and the pathological changes are paralleled with the severity of the disease.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of color ultrasound-guided interventional treatment for popliteal cyst. Methods Under the guidance of color ultrasonography,the cyst was punctured and the fluid was drew out.After repeated irrigation of the cyst cavity with normal saline,the absolute alcohol was injected and indwelled for about 5 min.The absolute alcohol injection was repeated for 2~3 times.Results Out of 23 cases,22 cases were cured on single procedure and 1 case was cured after the second treatment.Follow-up for 6 months in all the cases found no recurrence.Conclusions Interventional treatment for popliteal cyst under color ultrasonic guidance is simple,minimally invasive,safe,effective,and repeatable.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the bioequiavailability of two kinds of loratadine tabletes in Chinese healthy volunteers.METHODS:A single oral dose 40 mg of two loratadine preparations(reference and test preparations)was given to 20 volunteers(whom were divided into two groups)in a randomized cross-over study.The concentration of loratadine in plasma was determined by solid phase extraction-HPLC.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of reference and test preparations were as follows:Cmax were(17.00?3.90)and(18.41?2.58)?g?L-1;tmax were(1.06?0.25)and(0.93?0.20)h;t1/2Ke were(1.34?0.38)and(1.08?0.38)h;AUC0～∞ were(37.41?17.38)and(36.38?16.73)?g?h?L-1;AUC0～8 were(35.11?15.72)and(34.76?15.34)?g?h?L-1,respectively.The relative bioavailability of the test preparation was(99.0?18.7)% as against the reference preparation,and no significant differences was noted for the two formulations in ANOVA and two-one side t test.CONCLUSION:The two formulations were bioequivalent.

Objective To evaluate the effect of one-visit endodontic treatment for infected root canals with combination of nickel-titanium instruments and ultrasonic technique and warm vertical technique.Methods According to treatment,90 teeth were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.Two groups were used nickel titarlium root canal preparation.Experimental group:51 teeth for ultrasonic root canal irrigation,and warm vertical technique was employed to fill the root canal.Control group:39 teeth for rinse syringes,and warm vertical technique was employed to fill the root canal.Washing fluid was 2％ sodium hypochlorite.The root canal filling was observed after a week and one year of postoperative pain response.Results A week later,two groups of post-operative pain showed that there was significant difference in responses (x2 =15.525,P ＜ 0.05).One year later,the two groups showed no significant difference in efficacy(x2 =0.085,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The combination of nickel-titanium instruments and ultrasonic irrigation technique and warm vertical obturation,for the treatment of infected root canals was a method to complete the root canal filling,could reduce both the number of patients subsquent visits and the postoperative pain response,while it could improve the quality of root canal filling.

Objective Through observing the change of serum cTnT level and other biochemical markers such as T3 and TNF-αin acute ischemic stroke patients , to investigate the correlation between the indictors change and short-term prognosis and stroke severity .Methods This study observed 68 patients (male 35 cases ,mean age 68 ±11.4 years; female 33 cases, mean age 69 ±10.3 years).All cases were collected fasting blood sample to test cTnT ,T3 and TNF-α.Death and other unexpected events were recorded in the form of telephone follow-up within one month in survival patients during and discharge from hospital.Results According to cTnT detection level ,all cases were divided into two groups , normal group (54 cases,79.4%) and positive group(14 cases,20.6%).There was statistical significance between posi-tive cTnT and NIHSS score neurological deficits ( p <0.01).cTnT was negratively correlated with T3( r =-0.324 , P <0.05 ) ,but positively with TNF-α( r =0.67 , P =0.017 ) .All patients were followed up for one month.14.7%patients died including 11.7%during hospital and 3% after discharge.After age, NIHSS adjustment cTnT remains an independent risk factor for death ( RR=2.34 ,95%CI=1.22-5.02 , P<0.01 ) .Conclusion After acute ischemic stroke , cTnT is correlated with dropping T 3 level and in-creasing TNF-αlevel, suggesting that both stress and inflammatory response may be involved in heart dam-age.Abnormal elevation of cTnT influenced short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke , which can be used as short-term indicators of poor prognosis in the clinical observations .

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammation effects by activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and its mechanisms in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)model mice.Me-thods:6-week-old male C57BL/6J (B6)mice were randomly divided into four groups:the first group was normal mice,injected with saline;the second group was normal mice,injected with nicotine;the third group was NASH model mice,injected with saline;the fourth group was NASH model mice,injec-ted with nicotine.The experimental mice were fed with either standard chow (SC)or high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF)for 17 weeks to generate an NASH model mice.The mice received injection once daily for 3 weeks [nicotine dose,400 μg/kg].Then,their pathological characteristics and function of the liver were assessed.The expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in se-rum were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expressions of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR),Toll-like receptors-4 (TLR-4)and nuclear factor κB of phosphory-lation (p-NF-κB)in Kupffer cells were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays.Re-sults:We successfully generated NASH model mice by imitating the high-fat and high-fructose dietary style of NASH patients.The results of our investigation demonstrated that nicotine could reduce signifi-cantly the levels of IL-6,and TNF-αin serum (P <0.05).The expression of p-NF-κB protein in the group which was NASH model mice injected with nicotine declined significantly as compared with the group which was NASH model mice injected with saline (P <0.05).And the expression of α7nAChR protein elevated significantly conversely (P <0.05 ).Conclusion:Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway could inhibit the release of inflammatory factors as TNF-αand IL-6 in NASH model mice,and the mechanism for the inhibition of inflammatory was mediated by NF-κB pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of rat macrophage α7-acetylcholine receptor (α7-AChR )-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway on endotoxin-induced inflammation reaction . Methods Density gradient centrifugation method was used to isolate rat primary macrophages and flow cytometry was used to identify the cell purity .α7-AChR in macrophages was detected by fluorescence confocal microscopy and Western blot .After 1ipopolysaccharides ( LPS) was added to the culture media of primary culture of macrophages , the concentration of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-αin the supernatant was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of p-NF-κB protein in primary cultured macrophages was detected by Western blot .ANOVA was used to analyze TNF-αlevels after adding different concentrations of nicotine .Results α7-AChR was observed by fluorescence confocal microscope in primary macrophages .Nicotine could significantly reduce the concentration of TNF-αin culture supernatants of macrophages after LPS stimulation .When the concentrations of nicotine were 0, 1, 10, 100μmol/L, the concentrations of TNF-αwere (2 123 ±86), (1 486 ±80), (1 316 ±83) and (1 090 ±77)pg/mL, respectively (t=16.33, 20.18 and 26.83, P<0.05).The level of p-NF-κB in macrophages was also reduced when nicotine added .Conclusion Activation of macrophage α7-AChR can inhibit the endotoxin-induced release of inflammatory factor TNF-α, which may be through NF-κB signal pathway .