Endoscopic treatment can be a curative option for small carcinoid tumors with an extremely low risk of metastasis. Since most carcinoid tumors are characterized by a specific growth pattern in the submucosal (SM) layer, specialized endoscopic techniques for deeper resection to achieve clear vertical margins are needed. The endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) method in the SM space is superior to conventional endoscopic mucosal resection. However, the standard ESD technique sometimes fails to provide complete deep SM dissection due to insufficient SM lifting. Here, to resolve this problem, we describe our initial experience with an endoscopic SM tunneling technique that is effective for treating rectal carcinoid tumors.
Carcinoid Tumor* ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Lifting ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis