Depression is a worldwide neuropsychiatric disorder. Currently most preclinical and clinical studies of depression focus on monoaminergic system. However, there is growing evidence which suggests that glutamatergic system plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of depression. This review focuses on the de-velopment of new antidepressants that target glutamatergic sys-tem, summarizes the current mechanisms of antidepressants, and also highlights new insights to the pathophysiology of depression.

BACKGROUND:An increasing number of studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cels have the potential to treat acute kidney injury. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cels have general characteristics of stem cels and many advantages, such as easy to isolate and culture, in vitrofast amplification, low immunogenicity and no ethical problems, which have garnered increasing attentions. OBJECTIVE:To study the repairing effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cels on acute kidney injury in rats. METHODS: Thirty rats were randomized into three groups: a normal control group, a model group and a cel transplantation group. Rats in the model and cel transplantation were subjected to clamping the renal pedicles for 45 minutes, and then injected 1 mL of DAPI-labeled umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cels or 1 mL of saline via the tail vein. In the normal control group, the kidney was only exposed with no treatment. At 7 days after treatment, the rats were kiled to take left kidney tissues for pathological observation under light microscope and right kidney for observation of DAPI-positive cel counting. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect serum creatinine and urea ammonia levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the levels of serum creatinine and urea ammonia were significantly lower in the cel transplantation group (P < 0.05), suggesting that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cels can improve the kidney function to a certain extent. Pathological findings showed that the pathological damage was improved more remarkably in the cel transplantation group than the model group, and the tubular necrosis index decreased significantly in the cel transplantation group. At 7 days after cel transplantation, blue fluorescent cels were scattered on renal tissue frozen sections. These results indicate that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cels can migrate to the injured tubular epithelial tissues, and promote the repair of the injured kidney.

Objeetive To probe the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary gastric lymphoma (PGL). Methods Clinical data of 23 PGL patients identified by postoperative pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Sixteen patients underwent subtotal gastrectomy,3 patients underwent total gastrectomy,2 patients underwent palliative resection and 2 patients underwent exploratory laparotomy only. Postoperatively 21 patients received adjuvant treatment(chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy).The variables analyzed were type of surgery, histological type in accordance with Kiel's classification, Involvement of lymph nodes. Ann Arbor stage classification. Results The overall 5-year survival rate of these patients Was 80%,that of low grade malignancy patients was 90%,and of high grade malignancy was 40%.Thirteen patients were classified as stage Ⅰ E and seven as stageⅡE and three as stageⅢor Ⅳ,the 5-year survival rate was 90%,67%and 0,respectively.Nineteen patients underwent radical resection with 5-year survival rate of 92.3%.No patients undergoing palliative resection have survived more than 5 years. The prognosis of PGL with low grade malignancy and that of early stages(IE and Ⅱ E)and those undergoing radical excision was better than those with high grade malignancy, that of advanced stage(Ⅲand Ⅳ),and that undergoing palliative resection. Conclusions Preoperative diagnosis relies mainly on gastroscopy with biopsy and CT scan. For patients with early stage disease,radical resection combined with adjuvant therapy is the key factor in improving the prognosis. Chemotherapy or/and radiotherapy is useful management for patients with advanced stage disease.

Objective To investigate the impact of hepatic steatosis on the outcome of adefovir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with HBeAg positive. Methods The medical records of 154 patients who were diagnosed with CHB positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and received adefovir therapy for 24 weeks between January, 2011 and December, 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Baseline status and virologic response, biochemical response and serology response between patient with (n = 68) and without (n = 86) steatosis who were proven by ultrasound. Both groups were given oral adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg/d for 24 weeks , recovery rate in ALT/AST, negative conversion rate of HBV DNA and HBeAg were recorded and compared. Results Recovery rate in ALT/AST in observation group was 67.7%, which is lower than control group (83.7%), and the difference is significant(P < 0.05). Negative conversion rate of HBV DNA and HBeAg in control group is 81.4%and 83.7%, which is significantly higher than observation group (whose values are 58.8% and 44.1%, P < 0.05). Conclusion Hepatic steatosis has significant impact on the outcome of adefovir treatment.

BACKGROUND:There are usualy removable appliances and fixed appliances in the mouth of orthodontic patients, resulting in periodontitis. Because of its high security, good heat resistance, long action time, not easy to produce resistance and wide antimicrobial spectrum, inorganic antibacterial agents have become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE:To review the application and research progress of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in orthodontic treatment. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for articles about applications of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in orthodontic treatment published from January 2001 to December 2014 using the keywords of “orthodontic, antibacterial agent” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Inorganic nano-antibacterial materials for oral bacteria have good antibacterial properties, and are a kind of ideal biological material. Bracket enamel adhesive, removable appliance resin material and bracket can play correct and antibacterial roles by modification of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials, so as to reduce complications such as dental caries. However, the application of nano-antibacterial materials is stil in its infancy, the modified materials need to be studied further in terms of color problems, physical and chemical properties and biological security.

Objective To investigate the change of endocrine, cAMP and potential mechanism in asthenia cold syndrome rats. Method The rats were randomly divided into normal group and asthenia cold model group. The model group were treated with intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone for 14 days, and the normal group with NS. The content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and adenylate cyclase (AC), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), dopamine (rT3), cortisol (COR), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was detected by chemiluminescence. Result The content of T3, T4, rT3, COR, cAMP were decreased, the activity of AC was decreased, the conent of ATP was increased. Conclution The function of the endocrine system was suppressed in asthenia cold rats, which can down-regulate cAMP and lead to asthenia cold syndrome.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI 1) promotor region gene polymorphism and cerebral stroke.Methods The genotype of 4G/5G allele polymorphism in the PAI 1 promotor region were determined by polymerase chain reaction from leukocytes of 60 normal controls and 96 patients with cerebral stroke. Their plasma PAI 1 activity was assayed by ELISA.Results The plasma PAI 1 activity level in CI group was significantly higher than the CH and the control group.The plasma PAI 1 activity level (homozygote 4G/4G genotype patients) in CI and CH group was the highest,5G/5G genotype was the lowest,heterozygous 4G/5G genotype was in the middle;the difference was remarkable between 4G homozygote genotype and the other two groups,there was no remarkable significance between 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotype.There was remarkable difference between 4G/4G homozygote genotype in CI group and the controls(P 0.05 ).There was remarkable difference between the plasma PAI 1 activity in female patients with CI 4G homozygote genotype patients and the male patients of the same genotype (P

Objective:To improve the diagnostic accuracy of double contrast radiography of small and micro gastric carcinoma.Methods:The X-ray findings of small gastric carcinoma(9 cases)and micro-gastric carcinoma(3 cases) proved by surgical pathology were analyzed and compared with pathologic finding.1 misdiagnosed cases and 1 missed cases were analyzed.The double contrast films of acute gastric ulcer were reviewed and differentiated with SGC and MGC.Results:8 cases were examined by the double contrast procedure before gastroscopy,4 were diagnosed small gastric carcinoma,1 was diagnosed micro-gastric carcinoma,1 was misdiagnosed ulcer and 1 was missed,1 was suspected of being carcinoma.4 were examined by the double contrast procedure after gastroscopy,2 were small gastric carcinoma and 1 was micro-gastric carcinoma,which accorded with gastroscopy finding.One of micro-gastric carcinoma missed by gastroscopy was detected by DC.Conclusion:The imaging method of double contrast examination is the most effective one in detecting and diagnosing early gastric cancer.The detecting rate should be obviously increased by combining with gastroscopy closely. [

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI 1) gene polymorphism and cerebrovascular disease and whether it played an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease Methods:The 4G/5G allele polymorphism in the PAI 1 gene promotor region were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from peripheral blood leukocytes from 60 normal controls, 65 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 31 hypertensives complicated with cerebral hemorrhage Their plasma PAI 1 activity were assayed by ELISA Results: The plasma PAI 1 activity level in the CI group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups PAI 1 level was significantly higher in 4G allele homozygous than both those in 4G/5G heterozygous and 5G homozygous Although PAI 1 level was higher in 4G/5G heterozygous than that in 5G homozygous, the difference had not reach statistically significant There were significant differences between acute cerebral infarction PAI 1 gene polymorphism and controls (P0 05), and PAI 1 levels of the 4G/4G genotype among female patients with CI were higher than those of the male patients with CI of the same genotype Conclusion: The results suggest that PAI 1 gene polymorphism may be a susceptible factor to acute cerebral infarction in Chinese, and 4G allele homozygous genotype may be the major risk factor of acute cerebral infarction, especially it may be an independent risk factor of female CI patients

Objective To study the analgesic effects of combination of fortanodyn and verapamil. Methods Used the model of the acetic acid induction writhing in mice and the method of hot-plate in mice, then observe the action of the mice after treatment with combination of fortanodyn and verapamil. Results Low dose Verapamil com-bined AP237 (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg)could enhance the threshold of pain of the mouse ache response obviously, and postponed the time which the mouse ache appeared (comparing using simply AP237 P <0.05 with controlled group P <0. 01) ;Low dose Verapamil combined AP237 (20 mg/kg,40 mg/kg) had the obvious inhibitory action in the body turning times of the mouse. Conclusion Verapamil can strengthen the analgesia function of AP237.