AIM: To study the adverse reactions of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in ophthalmology. 　METHODS: Thirty-nine patients treated with HCQ for more than six months were performed ophthalmic examinations including some specifie retinal function tests. 　RESULTS: There were 3 patients (8%) who presented the visual fields was minified. The visual acuity of one patient was decreased. The cumulative doses of HCQ were more than 100 g in this three patients. 　CONCLUSION: The adverse reactions of HCQ in ophthalmology are related with the cumulative doses of HCQ. The expression is that the visual fields and visual acuity are decreased.

Objective To observe the RASSF1A expression in laryngeal keratosis and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and investigate the relationship between the gene and the occurrence and development of this disease. Methods The specimens of keratosis of larynx(43 cases)and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(31 cases)in Oto-laryngology-Head and Neck surgery of Anhui provincial hospital from Dec 2009 to Dec 2012 were collected.Nor-mal vocal fold mucosa from the cadaveric head as control group(8 cases)were collected.Immunohistochemical meth-ods were used to detect the expression of RASSF1A protein in these tissues.The diffuse distribution of brown gran-ules in the cell cytoplasm yielded positive results and the nucleus was not coloring.The percentage of positive cells of every section,and the average standard deviation(￣x±s)were calculated.SPSS17.0 statistical analysis software was used to analyze the data,P<0.05 for the difference was statistically significant.ResuIts The RASSF1A expes-sion in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma,normal laryngeal mucosa,squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and la-ryngeal keratosis were compared.The differences of RASSF1A expression were statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference of RASSF1A expression in keratosis of larynx and normal laryngeal mucosa was not significant (P>0.05).RASSF1A expression in the clinical stage from I to IV of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma gradually de-clined.During the clinical stage,the difference had statistics significance (P<0.05 ).In high differentiated squa-mous cell carcinoma,moderately differentiated squamous and poorly differentiated squamous,the differences of RASSF1A expression were insignificant (P>0.05).ConcIusion The reduction of RASSF1A expression correlated with laryn-geal squamous cell carcinoma,which has certain significance for the different ion of carcinoma and laryngeal precan-cerous lesion.

Objective:To analyze Jinxuan Zhike Xunxi powders ( JZX) and an active ingredients group ( AIG) obtained from JZX by GC-MS, and develop a characteristic fingerprint of AIG. Methods: A gas chromatography-mass spectrum ( GC-MS) method was applied to analyze the main compositions in JZX and AIG, and the characteristic fingerprint information in the fingerprint spectrum was determined. Results:Totally 10 batches of AIG were detected, and a promising GC-MS fingerprint spectrum containing characteristic information for AIG was obtained. Conclusion: The developed fingerprint with good repeatability can be successfully applied in the quality control of AIG.

Objective To compare the effects of radiofrequency ablation and clamp crushing resection on intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications.Methods The clinical data of 130 patients with hepatic cancer who were admitted to the Southwest Hospital from January 2011 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Sixty-five patients who received radiofrequency ablation were in the radiofrequency ablation group; the clinical data of 65 hepatic cancer patients with similar tumor size,position and Child-Pugh scores who received traditional clamp crushing resection were selected from the data base,and they were in the clamp crushing resection group.The intra-and postoperative clinical data of the 2 groups were statistically analyzed.The measurement data were presented in the format of median plus range,and were analyzed using the analysis of variance; the enumeration data were analyzed using chi-square test,when the number of patients was under 10,the Fisher exact probability was used for analysis.Results The time for liver resection and hepatic inflow occlusion in the radiofrequency ablation group were 28 minutes (range,12-55 minutes) and 10 minutes (range,0-15 minutes),which were significantly shorter than 45 minutes (range,25-92 minutes) and 15 minutes (range,10-32 minutes) in the clamp crushing resection group (F =10.35,9.05,P ＜0.05).The volumes of intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion were 150 ml (range,50-350 ml) and 0 ml in the radiofrequency ablation group,which were significantly lesser than 450 ml (range,250-2500 ml) and 550 ml (range,0-2000 ml) in the clamp crushing resection group (F =15.86,P ＜ 0.05).The number of patients who did not receive blood transfusion in the radiofrequency ablation group was 65,which was significantly greater than 48 in the clamp crushing resection group (x2 =19.58,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of aspartic transaminase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBil) at postoperative day 3 and 7,prothrombin time (PT) at postoperative day 3,Clavien classification of surgical complications,duration of hospital stay were 302 U/L (range,89-823 U/L),54 U/L (range,16-325 U/L),37 μmol/L(range,18-112 μmol/L),24 μmol/L (range,9-66 μmol/L),15 s (range,11-20 s),22％ (14/65),12 days (range,8-36 days) in the radiofrequency ablation group,and 253 U/L (range,63-876 U/L),62 U/L(range,22-376 U/L),41 μmol/L (range,19-105 μmol/L),25 μmol/L (range,11-59 μmol/L),14 s (range,11-21 s),26％ (17/65) and 13 days (range,9-35 days) in the clamp crushing resection group.There were no significant differences in the 7 indexes between the radiofrequency ablation group and the clamp crushing resection group (F=2.59,1.93,3.96,1.58,2.35,x2 =0.381,F=1.58,P＞0.05).The incidence of complications of the radiofrequency ablation group was 17％ (11/65),which was significantly lower than 52％ (34/65) of the clamp crushing resection group (x2 =17.38,P ＜ 0.05).The number of patients who had postoperative bleeding in the radiofrequency ablation group was 2,which was significantly lesser than 22 patients in the clamp crushing resection group.Eight patients in the radiofrequency ablation group had encapsulated effusion,and 5 of them need drainage.Two patients in the clamp crushing resection group had hepatic insufficiency.Two patients in the radiofrequency ablation group had hemoglobinuria.Conclusion Compared with clamp crushing resection,radiofrequency ablation has advantages of less blood loss and safer manipulation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) combined with injection of tissue adhesive for esophageal and gastric varices bleeding.Methods Data of 452 patients with esophageal and gastric varices bleeding who received EVL and injection of tissue adhesive were retrospectively studied.Results The instant hemostatic rate was 100.0％ (145/145).Early rebleeding rate was 1.8％ (8/452).Incidence of early adverse reactions was 50.0％ (226/452).The total incidence rate of complications was 12.4％ (56/452).Efficiency and effectiveness of EVL were 32.5％ (145/446)and 40.4％(180/446) respectively.Efficiency and effectiveness of injection of tissue adhesive were 32.5％ (136/419) and 27.4％ (115/419) respectively.With an average of 18 months' follow-up (ranging from 9 to 37 months),the rate of rebleeding was 10.1％ (43/426),six-month and one-year survival rate was 97.9％ (417/426) and 89.9％ (383/426) respectively.Conclusion EVL combined with injection of tissue adhesive for esophageal and gastric varices is effective,convenient,and less invasive.They can be used not only for emergency hemostasis but also for secondary prophylaxis.

Objective　To evaluate the changes and clinical s ignificances of serum growth hormore (GH) and GH binding protein (GHBP) in patie nts with obstructive jaundice (OJ). Methods　Serum levels of GH, GHBP, insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ), endotoxin, prealbumin concentr ation and liver function in 60 male in patients with OJ were detected 1 d preope ratively and 1, 3, 7 d postoperatively. And 40 male patients with simple gallbla dder stone hospitalized in the same period were served as control. Resu lts　The levels of GH, GHBP and IGF-Ⅰ were significantly lower in pati ents with obstructive jaundice than in control group(P<0.01), which was corr elated with the levels of bilirubin, endotoxin and prealbumin (P<0.01). Conclusion　The obviously downregulation of GH/GHBP axis in patients with OJ probably results from the inbibition of expression of GH receptor due t o nutritional dysfunction and endotoxemia, and further aggravate the nutritional dysfuction and endoxemia, which may be one of the important factors in the path ophysiological changes of OJ.

Objective To investigate the value of continuous occlusion of hepatic artery proper to intermittent Pringle maneuver in partial hepatectomy for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The clinical data of 36 patients(test group)who received partial hepatectomy for ruptured HCC by adding continuous occlusion of hepatic artery proper to intermittent Pringle maneuver at the Southwest Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Thirty-six patients(control group)who received intermittent Pringle maneuver only were selected as the control.All data were analyzed using the chi-square test,Fisher exact probability and analysis of variance.Results The mean hepatic artery occlusion time of the test group was 58 minutes(range,36-98 minutes).The median blood loss of the test group was 400 ml,which was significantly less than 750 ml of the control group(F =16.47,P ＜ 0.05);78%(28/36)of patients in the test group did not receive blood transfusion,which was significantly more than 53%(19/36)of the control group(x2 =6.01,P ＜0.05).The levels of postoperative serumaspartate transaminase and total bilirubin of the 2 groups were peaked at postoperative day 2 and then decreased to the normal level 1 week later.There were no significant differences in the incidences and levels of complications between the 2 groups(x2 = 1.83,0.89,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The addition of continuous occlusion of hepatic artery proper to intermittent Pringle maneuver significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss and doesn't bring any adverse effects to hepatic function for partial hepatectomy in patients with ruptured HCC when compared with intermittent Pringle maneuver alone.

Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the pathway of gluconeogenesis, can catalyze the hydrolysis of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. Upon inhibiting the activity of FBPase, the production of endogenous glucose can be decreased and the level of blood glucose lowered. Therefore, inhibitors of FBPase are expected to be novel potential therapeutics for the treatment of type II diabetes. Recent research efforts were reviewed in the field of developing allosteric inhibitors interacting with the AMP binding site of FBPase.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of radical liver resection following downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods Eleven patients with HCC underwent radical liver resection after downstaging of HCC by TACE from January 1991 to June 2002, then the clinical features, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications and survival time were studied. Results All patients received the radical liver resection successfully, and the mean intraoperative blood loss and operative time of all the patients Was 1336.4ml (110-3200ml) and 272.8 minutes (210-390 minutes), respectively. Each of the 6 patients had an amount of blood loss more than 1000ml. The postoperative complications included bile leakage (3 patients) and ascites (1 patient), with total incidence of 36%. The median survival time was 61.5 months, and the number of patients survived for 1, 2, 3 years was 8, 7, 6, respectively. Conclusion Radical liver resection after downstaging of HCC by TACE is safe and feasible.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of mini-clamp crushing combined with saline-linked diathermy in hepatectomy for giant hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The clinical data of 58 patients with giant HCC(diameter≥10 cm)who received hepatectomy with the mini-clamp crushing technique(miniclamp crushing group)at the Southwest Hospital from April 2006 to December 2009 were retrospectively analysed.According to the tumor size,location and Child classification,the clinical data of 58 patients with similar parameters and received hepatectomy with traditional clamp crushing technique(control group)were selected from the database to conduct the matched case-control study.All the peri-and postoperative data were compared and analysed via one-way ANOVA,chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.Results The median blood loss and transfusion of control group were 850 ml and 650 ml,which were significantly higher than 400 ml and 550 ml of mini-clamp crushing group(F=16.23,5.63,P＜0.05).Twenty-four patients in control group needed blood transfusion,which was significantly larger than 6 of mini-clamp crushing group(χ~2=14.57,P＜0.05).The median time for parenchymal transection and portal triad clamping of control group were 45 minutes and 16 minutes,which were significantly shorter than 86 minutes and 35 minutes of mini-clamp crushing group(F=12.76,11.23,P＜0.05).The numbers of patients in control group who had complications and blood loss were 43 and 28,which were significantly larger than 13 and 8 of mini-clamp crushing group(χ~2=18.69,16.11,P＜0.05).The numbers of patients who had bile leakage,encapsulated effusion of the liver cut face and hepatic insufficiency were 8,5 and 2 in control group,and were 2,3,0 in mini-clamp crushing group,with no significant difference(χ~2=3.04,0.54,2.04,P＞0.05).Conclusion Mini-clamp crushing combined with saline-linked diathermy for the treatment of g4ant HCC is mone effective and available than traditional clamp crushing in terms of reducing blood loss and complications.