Bunyaviridae Infections ; pathology ; Fever ; virology ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; virology ; Orthobunyavirus ; classification ; pathogenicity ; Thrombocytopenia ; virology

Objective To determine the roles and underlying molecular mechanism of MicroRNA-203 on the migration of human hypo-pharyngeal carcinoma cells. Methods The potential MicroRNA-203 target genes were searched by bioinformatic miRNA target prediction tools and KEGG database,and a large number of candidates was identified. The MEKK1 was selected for further investigation. This gene is known to play a role in tumor metastasis. The MicroRNA-203’s binding sites in MEKK1’s mRNA 3’UTR were analyzed by luciferase report-er assays. Nextly,the protein expression of MEKK1 in Fadu-Lv-MicroRNA-203 cells was determined by Western blot assay. The regulation of MEKK1’s mRNA expression by MicroRNA-203 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Transwell cell migration assays were performed to confirm the im-pact of MicroRNA-203 on hypopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis. Results The expression level of endogenous MicroRNA-203 was negatively correlated with the mRNA and protein expression levels of MEKK1 in hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Transwell migration assay results showed that MicroRNA-203 overexpression inhibited hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell migration ability. Furtherly,MEKK1 can promote hypo-pharyngeal carcinoma cell migration ability. Conclusion MEKK1 is a direct target of MicroRNA-203. MicroRNA-203 plays a role in hypo-pharyngeal carcinoma cell migration ability through MEKK1.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the performance of merger and acquisition (M&A) of listed pharmaceutical companies over 3 years from 2000 to 2002. METHODS: Based on the financial data of the listed companies in 26 cases, a data envelopment analysis was performed to compare and evaluate the efficiency of the companies before and after M&A. RESULTS: The efficiency was reduced in the first 3 years after M&A, but increased started from the fourth year. CONCLUSIONS: M&A did not promote the efficiency of listed pharmaceutical companies.

Child ; Cough ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; complications ; Psychotherapy

Objective: This study aims to analyze the outpatient prescriptions in primary rural health institutions in western China to reveal the feature and disadvantages of utilization of Chinese patent medicines in rural areas.Methods: A total of 14336 prescriptions were selected from 132 health institutions in rural areas of 7 provinces in western China in 2011.The utilization of Chinese patent medicines is described and compared to the health institutions in different levels and different provinces/autonomous regions.Results: The prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines accounted for 62.47% of the total prescriptions in rural health facilities.The proportion of county, township and village medical institutions was 49.76%, 56.96% and 71.51% respectively.86.84% of the Chinese patent medicines prescriptions were prescribed by physicians without traditional Chinese medicine background, while only 13.16% of them were traditional Chinese medicine physicians.The number of varieties of Chinese patent medicines in a single prescription in county, township and village health institutions were 1.38, 1.91 and 2.54, respectively and the average drug costs of every prescription in these health institutions were 52.20 yuan, 21.89 yuan and 19.37 yuan, respectively.Conclusions: There are differences in the utilization of Chinese patent medicines in outpatient prescriptions of rural health institutions in western China.The hospitals in higher medical level use more Chinese patent medicines.The drug cost of the prescription of county health institutions is higher than that of township and village hospitals.This study suggests that health policy should be adjusted based on the specific needs and characteristics of rural health institutions at a different level and should be implemented in the management of prescription in quality control.

Objective The objective of this paper is to statistically analyze what influence can the utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have on healthcare expenses of inpatients, and to investigate whether TCM has an advantage of reducing healthcare expenses among certain diseases.Method: Inpatient medical records from 13 public general hospitals in Ningxia Hui autonomous region were collected to set up a database.A multiple linear regression models was established and used to analyze the impact of using TCM on hospitalization expenses.Results: The findings have shown that inpatients who apply TCM have significantly higher hospitalization expenses, with an estimated average of ?8 276.24, while those who do not apply TCM in their treatment spend ?7 254.59 on average (P=0.000).When the proportion of TCM expense higher than 10% of total drug expense, inpatients who apply the TCM have lower hospitalization expenses.In addition, hospitalization expenses decrease with the increase of TCM proportion.Among the diseases of the ear and mastoid disease, diseases of the circulatory system, and certain conditions originating in the perinatal period, inpatients who apply TCM have significant lower hospitalization expense (P=0.000).Hospitalization expense of inpatients who do not apply TCM is twice as much as that of those who apply TCM in the treatment of among diseases of the circulatory system, which has the largest TCM proportion.Conclusion: Only when applying TCM as main therapy can provide price advantage of TCM in the circulatory system caused by chronic diseases, and other advantages of treatment.

Objective To compare the neonatal outcomes of different gestational age at which elective cesarean sections at term were performed. Methods All the cases of cesarean section registered in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2002 to November 2009 were collected. Women with viable singleton pregnancies delivered before the onset of labor and without recognized indications for cesarean section after 37 weeks at term were included and their general information and outcomes were compared with one-way ANOVA. All the maternal data and neonatal adverse events were compared with Cochran-Armitage test among different gestational weeks, including respiratory complications (respiratory distress syndrome or transient tachypnea of the newborn), infections, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and hospitalization in NICU＞5 d. Results Of 8122 primary cesarean sections and 594 repeat cesarean sections at term, 4565 and 409 cases were performed electively as the primary or repeat cesarean section. Among the 4565 women underwent primary elective cesarean sections, 2194 (48.1%) were before 39 gestational weeks,and 1828 (40.0%) at 39-39+6 weeks. While, among the 409 repeat elective cesareans sections, these figures were 275 (67.2%) and 120 (29.3%), respectively. No fetal or neonatal death occurred during perinatal period. Compared with births at 39-39+6 weeks, births at 37-37+6 weeks or 38-38+6 weeks were associated with increased risk of the neonatal adverse events. For the primary cesarean section cases, the odds ratio (OR) for births at 37-37+6 weeks and 38-38+6 weeks was 1.4 (95% CI: 0.9-2.0) and 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9-1.4), respectively. For the repeat cesarean section cases, OR for births at 37-37+6 weeks and 38-38+6 weeks was 2.5 (95% CI: 1.1-5.8) and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.6-2.7) respectively. Conclusions Elective cesarean section before 39 weeks of gestation is popular and associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Elective cesarean section performed after 39-39+6 gestational weeks might decrease the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.

Stroke is one of the major diseases that threaten human health, early diagnosis and treatment are very important for stroke. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is measured noninvasively to diagnosis stroke, and it is a independent predictor for stroke because its thickening can timely predict the incidence and development of stroke. As an important predictor of cardiovascular disease, more and more attention is played on CIMT. In this review, we will make a summary on the important role of CIMT in stroke and the mechanisms of carotid intima-media thickening in stroke as well as the potential use of traditional Chinese medicine in treating carotid intima-media thickening.
Animals ; Carotid Arteries ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Stroke ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

Objective　To investigate the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene and its significance in the process of glioma cell differentiation induced by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). Methods　Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression changes of GFAP protein and GFAP mRNA qualitatively and quantitatively. Results　The expression levels of GFAP protein and GFAP mRNA in NDGA treatment group were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion　NDGA could induce GFAP gene in malignant glioma cells and the up-regulation of this gene expression might be one of the mechanisms by which NDGA induces glioma differentiation.

Objective:With the development of the medical model, huge changes have also occurred in current nursing practice. This study focused on the evaluation of "excellent nurses" working in hospital. Also, the study also aimed to examine differences among doctors, nurses and patients in their ratings. Methods: 630 doctors, 660 nurses, 552 patients completed an evaluation questionnaire for rating excellent nurses. Results: The questionnaire contained items reflecting important characteristics pertaining excellent nurses. Conclusion:There were significant differences between doctors, nurses, and patients in their ratings of excellent nurses.