Objective To evaluate the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in ventilator-induced lung injury in rats.Methods Thirty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3.0-3.5 months,weighing 300-350 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:traditional tidal volume group (group T,VT =8 ml/kg),large tidal volume group (group L,VT =40 ml/kg) and NS398 (selective COX-2 inhibitor,VT =40 ml/kg) group (group N).In group N,8 mg/kg NS398 (in 2 ml of 10％ dimethyl sulfoxide) was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before ventilation,while dimethyl sulfoxide 2 ml was administrated instead of NS398 in T and L groups.After 4 h of mechanical ventilation,arterial blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis and PaO2 was recorded.The animals were sacrificed and lungs removed for microscopic examination and for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) and concentrations of total protein,intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),NO and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-keto-PGF1 α) in bronchoaveolar lavage fluid (BALF).Pulmonary permeability index (PPI) and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 α ratio were calculated.Results Compared with group T,PaO2 was significantly decreased,W/D ratio and PPI were increased,the total protein,ICAM-1,TNF-α and NO levels and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 α ratio in BALF were increased in group L(P ＜ 0.05).PaO2 was significantly higher,W/D ratio and PPI were lower,and total protein,ICAM-1,TNF-α and NO levels and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 α ratio in BALF were lower in group NS than in group L (P ＜ 0.05).The damage to lung tissues was severe in group L,and obviously alleviated in group N.Conclusion COX-2 is involved in ventilator-induced lung injury in rats.

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3k/Akt) signaling pathway in the maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats and its relationship with microglial activation.Methods Forty healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-200 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =8 each):sham operation group (group S) ; PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group (group L) ; group BCP; BCP + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (group BCP + D) ; BCP + LY294002 group (group BCP + L).BCP was induced by inoculating Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the medullary cavity of the left tibia.At 7-9 days after inoculation,LY294002 2.5 μg/10 μl was injected intrathecally in L and BCP + L groups,normal saline 10 μl was injected intrathecally in S and BCP groups,and 5％ DMSO 10 μl was injected intrathecally in BCP+ D group once a day.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured at 1 day before inoculation and 1,3,5,7,8 and 9 days after inoculation.The rats were sacrificed after MWT was measured on day 9 after inoculation and the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed to determinate the activation of spinal microglia using immunofluorescence.Results Compared with group S,MWT was significantly decreased,and the activation of spinal microglia was increased in BCP,BCP + D and BCP+ L groups.Compared with BCP and BCP + D groups,MWT was significantly increased,and the activation of spinal microglia was decreased in BCP + D group.Conclusion Spinal PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the maintenance of BCP possibly through activating microglia in spinal dorsal horns of rats.

Objective To quantify the changes of tongue color with the development of the disease according to the characteristics of human vision.Methods Psychological scales of tongue color perception were obtained from thc psychophysical experiments.Polynomial regression and support vector regression (SVR) were used to establish the mathematical model between the physical values and the psychological scales of tongue color.Results The psychological scales exported from the model could correspond to the visual perception of tongue color change, and SVR has higher accuracy.Conclusions The psychological scale, can not only quantitatively evaluate the tongue color in the development of the disease, but also quantify the degree of disease, to assist the doctors for disease diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To evaluate MRI characteristics of solid papillary carcinomas (SPCs) in situ of the breast.Methods A retrospective study included 5 patients with pathologically confirmed SPC in situ was performed.MRI data before operation including conventional MRI,dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and DWI were analyzed.Results All the lesions showed iso/hypointensity on T1 FSPGR sequence,iso/hyperintensity on FSE T2WI sequence and STIR sequence.Mass enhancements were observed for all lesions with oval or irregular shapes on DCE-MRI.The margin of lesions were circumscribed,and internal enhancements were homogeneous or heterogeneous.Time intensity curve appeared a rapid increase in initial contrast phases and platform or outflow types in delayed phases.All the lesions on DWI showed slightly hyperintensity with the ADC value range from 1.34 × 10-3 mm2/s to 1.96)× 10-3 mm2/s.Conclusion MRI manifestations of SPC are characteristics,which may provide valuable information to distinguish SPC in situ from other invasive breast carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effectiveness of the management measures on the enhancing of pharmacy services quality in our hospital.METHODS:The concerned data about the management measures such as rules that‘those who rece_ ived the prescriptions the first should be responsible for which’,activity that‘no error,no appealing for100days’,rules th_ at‘exchanging notebooks about working quality’,etc.,were analyzed by SPSS10.0software package.RESULTS:The ef?fective practice of management measures can increase patients'satisfaction and trust in the consultancy.CONCLUSION:The management measures are helpful in the enhancement of pharmacy services quality and the information communication between pharmacy department and the other concerned departments.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of allopurinol on the function of blood vessel endothelium in patients with essential hypertension complicating hyperuricemia. METHODS: 65 cases with essential hypertension complicating hyper uricemia were randomized into treatment and control group. The control group was given the classic non- pharmacotherapy: reduced intake of sodium, more exercise, weight loss etc. The treatment group was treated wilh 100mg allopurinol b.i .d for 4 weeks besides the classical non - pharmacotherapy as stated for the control group. Serum uric acid level, brachial artery flow -mediated diastolic (FMD) function, the base internal diameter of brachial artery, nitrogen oxide (NO), von Willebrand' s factor(vWF) were compared between two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: As compared with prior treatment, the treatment group had decreased level of uric acid and decreased vWF level, increased level of NO and a significantly increased level of FMD, all had statistical significances(P0.05) . CONCLUSION: Allopurinol can ameliorate the function of blood vessel endothelium in patients with essential hypertension complicating hyperuricemia.

Objective To analyze the setup errors of bone metastases patients by tomotherapy with megavoltage CT (MVCT) and calculate the CTV-PTV margins.Methods 30 patients with bone metastases were enrolled.All patients received tomotherapy,fixed with body net and received MVCT scanning before radiation.The MVCT images were registered with the kilovoltage CT (kVCT) images,the setup errors of X (lateral),Y (vertical),Z (longitudina) and Roll (transverse profile rotation) were obtained according to the formula M =2.5Σ+0.7σ calculated CTV-PTV margin.Results 30 patients were received 494 MVCT images.The errors of systemic±random were (2.85±0.77) mm,(3.11±0.95) mm,(2.21±0.55) mm,and (0,55±0.24)° on X,Y,Z and Roll directions,respectively.The CTV-PTV margins were 3.64 mm,4.17 mm,and 2.86 mm on X,Y,Z directions,respectively.Conclusion The application of image-guided technology for bone metastases can correct positioning in time,which greatly reduces setup errors of the fractionated treatment,further improves the treat accuracy and has a positive value in guiding clinical radiotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of small interfering RNA targeting caspase-12 (caspase-12-siRNA) pretreatment on lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.Methods Forty male C57BL/6J mice,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 16-24 g,were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,negative control group (group NC) and caspase-12-siRNA pretreatment group (group siRNA).Lung I/R was induced by clamping the left pulmonary hilum for 30 min followed by 3 h reperfusion in anesthetized mice in IR,NC and siRNA groups.At 48 h before ischemia,negative control siRNA 20 μg and caspase-12-siRNA 20 μg were instilled intranasally in NC and siRNA groups,respectively,and the total volume was 50 μl.At 3 h of reperfusion,the animals were sacrificed and the left lung was removed for determination of wet/dry lung weight (W/D) ratio and lung water content in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.Pulmonary ultrastructure was examined with electron microscope.The quantitative evaluation index (QEI) for alveolar damage and apoptosis rate were calculated.Results Compared with group S,W/D ratio,lung water content,QEI for alveolar damage and apoptosis index were significantly increased in IR and NC groups,QEI for alveolar damage and apoptosis index were increased in group siRNA (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with IR and NC groups,W/D ratio,lung water content,QEI for alveolar damage and apoptosis index were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and the pathological changes of lungs were alleviated in group siRNA.There was no significant difference in the indices mentioned above between groups IR and NC (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Caspase-12-siRNA pretreatment can attenuate lung I/R injury in mice.

Objective To evaluate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) signaling pathway in the spinal cord in the maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats.Methods Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 150-180 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),sham operation + JNK inhibitor SP600125 (group SP),BCP group,BCP + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,and BCP+ SP600125 group (group BCP+ SP).BCP was induced by injecting Walker 256 mammary gland cancer cells into the bone marrow of the left tibia.On 10-12 days after BCP,SP600125 10 μg(10 μ1) was injected intrathecally once a day in SP and BCP + SP groups,and 5％ DMSO 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in BCP + DMSO group.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured at 1 day before BCP and 3,6,9,10,11 and 12 days after BCP.After measurement of MWT at 12 days after BCP,the rats were sacrificed and L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of MCP-1 expression by using immuno-histochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with S group,MWT was significantly decreased at 6-12 days after BCP,MCP-1 expression was upregulated in BCP,BCP + DMSO and BCP + SP groups (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in SP group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with BCP group,MWT was significantly increased at 10-12 days after BCP,MCP-1 expression was down-regulated in BCP + SP group (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in BCP + DMSO group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion JNK/MCP-1 signaling pathway in the spinal cord may be involved in the maintenance of BCP in rats.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) in preliminary assessment of esophageal carcinoma pathology features.Methods 58 patients were analyzed which were diagnosed with histological pathology as esophageal carcinoma underwent GSI enhanced scans before surgery.The iodine concentrations (IC) in the lesions were measured on the iodine-water based material-decomposition images.The results of IC value were evaluated retrospectively with different pathological grading,locations and pathological morphology according to the final pathologic findings.Results 52 cases patients were squamous cell carcinoma and 6 patients were adenocarcinoma.The IC values were (14.75±4.24) mg/ml and (12.86±5.09) mg/ml.The IC value between the two different pathological types had not statistically difference (P =0.35).The IC of different pathological grading:Well differentiation was (20.08± 4.66)mg/ml,n =19.Medium was (14.13±3.39) mg/ml,n =25.Poor was(11.73±3.21) mg/ml,n =14.The IC values between pathological grading had significant difference(P =0.00).There were four different pathological morphology including m edullar (n =16),m ushroom type (n =21),ulcer (n =13) and narrow type (n =8).Their IC values respectively were (16.34±2.56) mg/ml,(18.70±3.03) mg/ml,(14.31±4.60) mg/ml and (11.18±2.09) mg/ml.The IC value between mushroom and narrow type had statistical difference (P =0.04).The Other types had no statistically difference (P =0.19).Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that GSI has a certain ability of pathologic stage of esophageal cancer.The GSI has a certain clinical value in guiding treatment and judging prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.