Objective To evaluate the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in reduction of apoptosis in cortical neurons of rats by sevoflurane preconditioning.Methods Primary cortical neurons obtained from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were seeded in 6-well plates (2 ml/well),and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),anoxiareoxygenation (A/R) group,sevoflurane preconditioning group (SP group) and HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol group (H group).The neurons were subjected to O2-glucose deprivation for 90 min followed by restoration of O2-glucose supply for 24 h.In group SP,the neurons were exposed to 2.0％ sevoflurane for 2 h followed by 5 min washout for 3 times,and then sevoflurane preconditioning was performed immediately.In group H,sevoflurane preconditioning was performed at 72 h of incubation with 5 μmol/L 2-methoxyestradiol.The apoptosis in neurons was assessed using Annexin V-FITC/PI assay,and apoptosis rate was calculated.The expression of Bid,Bim,Puma and activated caspase-3 in neurons was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,apoptosis rate was significantly increased,and the expression of Bid,Bim,Puma and activated caspase-3 was up-regulated in group A/R.Compared with group A/R,apoptosis rate was significantly decreased,and the expression of Bid,Bim,Puma and activated caspase-3 was down-regulated in group SP.Compared with group SP,apoptosis rate was significantly increased,and the expression of Bid,Bim,Puma and activated caspase-3 was up-regulated in group H.Conclusion HIF-1α mediates reduction of apoptosis in rat neurons by sevoflurane preconditioning,and down-regulated expression of Bid,Bim,and Puma is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods A retrospective cohort database study was conducted, involving 1 349 patients undergoing heart valve surgery with CPB technique.Logistic regression was used to screen out the risk factors of AKI after the surgery.Results Of the 1 349 patients, the incidence of AKI in valve surgery was 28.4%.One year older (OR=1.05, 95%CI 1.03-1.06, P<0.001), diabetes (OR=2.11, 95%CI 1.22-3.68, P=0.008), anemia (OR=1.50, 95%CI 1.05-2.21, P=0.026), each additional basic serum creatinine of 1 mg/dl (OR=1.01, 95%CI 1.01-1.02, P=0.001), each additional operation time of 1 hour (OR=1.28, 95%CI 1.15-1.41, P<0.001), plasma transfusion during surgery (OR=1.50, 95%CI 1.14-1.97, P=0.004) were the independent risk factors for AKI in multivariate logistic regression model.Conclusion AKI is a common and serious complication following cardiac valve surgery.More attention should be paid to the patients with elder age, anemia, prolonged operation time, diabetes, increased basic serum creatinine and requirement of plasma transfusion during surgery.

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal microglial C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) in the maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats.Methods Fifty unmated female Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2 months,weighing 160-180 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each):sham operation group (group Ⅰ),sham operation + RS102895 (CCR2 antagonist) group (group Ⅱ),BCP group (group Ⅲ),BCP + dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) group (group Ⅳ),and BCP + RS102895 group (group Ⅴ).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate.BCP was induced by intra-tibial inoculation of 1 × 105 Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the medullary cavity of the left tibial metaphysis.On 10-12 days after operation,3 μg/μl RS102895 10 μd was injected intrathecally once a day in Ⅱ and Ⅴ groups,10％ DMSO 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in Ⅳ group,and normal saline 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in Ⅰ and Ⅲ groups.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was measured at 1 day before operation and 3,6,9,10,11 and 12 days after operation.After measurement of pain threshold at day 12 after operation,the lumbar segments (L4-6) of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the level of ox-42 (spinal microglial activation marker) (by immuno-histochemistry) and contents of IL1-β,IL-6 and TNF-α (by ELISA).Results Compared with group Ⅰ,mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was significantly decreased at 6-12 days after operation,the number of ox-42 positive cells and contents of IL1-β,IL-6 and TNF-α were increased in Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Ⅱ.Compared with group Ⅲ,mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was significantly increased at 10-12 days after operation,the number of ox-42 positive cells and contents of IL1-β,IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased in group Ⅴ,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Ⅳ.Conclusion Spinal microglial CCR2 is involved in the maintenance of BCP via activating microglia and promoting the release of inflammatory cytokines of rats.

Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) with fixed frequency, width and gradually increased peak value of voltage was applied to 30 healthy rabbit liver tissues. The specific aims were to explore the feasibility of establishing a model of in vivo PEFs distribution in healthy rabbit liver tissues and to provide important references for clinical electrochemotherapy and for electrotransfer. Repeated experiment and self-comparison statistics design were implemented. The rabbit underwent the experiment under intravenous anesthesia and their liver tissues, after exposure to PEFs, were sent for HE staining. Necrotic borderline was visible 3 days after PEFs application, the necrotic shape of concentric circle was evident around the electrodes under optical microscope at lower voltage, as voltage increasing, two necroses in the shape of concentric circle gradually enlarged; nuclei with chromatin condensation, fragmentation and lysis alterations were seen in the middle region between the needles; concentric circles changed into ellipse fusiform and finally overlaped each other forming irregular necrosis contours. Cell cavitation and tissues ischemia were also observed within electric field. The shape of tissue necrosis from the experiment was noted to correlate with theoretic simulation of electric field distribution. Therefore, rabbit liver tissues can be a good carrier for in vivo modeling of electric field distribution when the lethal effects of PEFs in tissues are investigated. PEFs also show safety for the surrounding normal tissue while causing damage or injury to the target area therapeutically.
Animals ; Electricity ; adverse effects ; Electrochemotherapy ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Necrosis ; Rabbits

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects and the expressions of microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the transplanted tumor in the rat model with Walker-256 after energy controllable steep pulse(ECSP). The experiment revealed that the steep pulse electrical field has better effect on tumor, compared with the control. The positive cell staining intensity of VEGF in the control group was significantly higher than that in ECSP group (P < 0.05). The number of MVD in the tumor tissues of ECSP group was significantly lower than that of tumor control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that ECSP could inhibit the growth and angiogenesis of tumor and its pathway is to down-regulate the expression of VEGF possibly.
Animals ; Carcinoma 256, Walker ; blood supply ; therapy ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; methods ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Electroporation ; methods ; Female ; Male ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Purpose To assess the haemodynamic change of fetus with nervous system abnormalities by using spectral Doppler ultrasound.Materials and Methods Twenty-two fetuses with nervous system abnormalities diagnosed by ultrasound examination in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University,September,2015 to May,2016 were chosen.Fetus gestational week was 20-24 weeks.All Fetuses with abnormalities in nervous system were confirmed by autopsy and image examination after birth.Meanwhile,50 cases of normal fetuses with same gestational week were chosen as control group.Assessment indexes of spectral Doppler ultrasound between the two groups were compared,including myocardial performance index (MPI) of left ventricle (automatic survey),middle cerebral artery (MCA),umbilical artery (UA) and heart rate.Results MPI in control group and in simple nervous system abnormal group were compared,the difference was statistical significant (0.44±0.05 vs 0.48±0.08,P＜0.05).MCA resistance index in the two groups showed statistically significant difference (0.80±0.06 vs 0.88±0.14,P＜0.05).The difference of other indexes showed no statistical significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion MPI automatic survey is reliable and convenient for assessing cardiac function of fetus.There is a certain change of haemodynamic for fetus with abnormal nervous system and normal ones,which is represented by decline of fetus cardiac function and increase of MCA resistance.Spectral Doppler ultrasound can provide more information and evidences for intrauterine monitoring of fetus with abnormal nervous system.

Objective To investigate the expression of lncRNA SNHG8 in placenta accrete(PA)and its effect on trophoblast invasion and migration.Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of lncRNA SNHG8 in placenta tissue of 30 cases in PA group and 30 cases in control group,and the correlation between lncRNA SNHG8 expression and prenatal ultrasound score of 30 cases in PA group was analyzed.Transwell and scratch assay were used to detect the effect of lncRNA SNHG8 interference on the invasion and migration of human chorionic trophoblast cells(HTR8/SVneo cells),and western blot was used to detect the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9.The downstream targets of lncRNA SNHG8 were predicted by StarBase software,and the expression of lncRNA SNHG8 was detected in placental tissues of the two groups.Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between lncRNA SNHG8 and miR-542-3p.Results Compared with that of the control group,the expression of lncRNA SNHG8 was up-regulated in the placenta tissue of the PA group(P<0.05),and it was positively correlated with prenatal ultrasound score.Interference with lncRNA SNHG8 inhibited the invasion and migration of trophoblast cells(P<0.05);the protein expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 also decreased signifi-cantly(P<0.05).Biological prediction indicates that miR-542-3p had a binding site with lncRNA SNHG8,and miR-542-3p expression was down-regulated in PA placental tissue(P<0.05).Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that lncRNA SNHG8 could target miR-542-3p.Compared with si-SNHG8+inhibitor-NC,co-transfection of si-SNHG8 and miR-542-3p inhibitor enhanced the invasion and migration ability of trophoblast cells(P<0.05).Conclusion lncRNA SNHG8 is highly expressed in PA and is related to the severity of PA.LncRNA SNHG8 promotes the invasion and migration of trophoblast by regulating the level of miR-542-3p.The study suggests that lncRNA SNHG8 plays an important role in the invasion and migration of PA trophoblast cells,which is expected to be a clinical diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Objective:To study the effects of trioxygen pretreatment on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods:A total of 24 clean grade male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into Sham group, brain I/R group (I/R group) and Ozone pretreatment group (Ozone group), with 8 rats in each group. The animals were routinely fed, and the operation was performed 5 days after the intervention of Ozone group by intraperitoneal injection of trioxygen water (concentration 80 mg/L, 0.01 mL/g), and the Sham group and I/R group were injected with equal volume normal saline. The Sham group only separated the arteries without ligation, and the I/R group and Ozone group established the rat cerebral I/R model. Neurological deficit score (NDS) was performed 2 hours after ischemia and modified neurological deficit score (mNSS) was performed 24 hours after reperfusion. Brain tissue was collected after anesthesia. Cerebral infarction was observed by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and the percentage of cerebral infarction volume was calculated. Protein expression of metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and ionic glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA2 in cerebral ischemic penumbra was determined by Western blotting.Results:Compared with the Sham group, NDS score, mNSS score and percentage of cerebral infarction volume in I/R group were increased [NDS score: 2.63±0.52 vs. 0, mNSS score: 9.63±1.19 vs. 1.13±0.64, cerebral infarction volume: (41.25±2.93)% vs. 0%, all P < 0.05], and expressions of mGluR5 and GluA2 in penumbra area of cerebral ischemia were decreased [mGluR5 protein (mGluR5/β-actin): 0.44±0.14 vs. 1.00±0.10, GluA2 protein (GluA2/β-actin): 0.23±0.08 vs. 1.00±0.25, both P < 0.05]. Compared with the I/R group, mNSS score and percentage of cerebral infarction volume in the Ozone group were decreased [mNSS score: 7.00±1.20 vs. 9.63±1.19, cerebral infarction volume: (27.23±6.21)% vs. (41.25±2.93)%, both P < 0.05], and mGluR5 and GluA2 expressions in the penumbra of cerebral ischemia were up-regulated [mGluR5 protein (mGluR5/β-actin): 0.81±0.10 vs. 0.44±0.14, GluA2 protein (GluA2/β-actin): 0.76±0.13 vs. 0.23±0.08, both P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Trioxygen preconditioning can alleviate cerebral I/R injury in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the upregulation of GluR5 and GluA2 in the ischemic penumbra.

Objective: Currently, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is mainly measured by the second generation intact PTH (iPTH) assay which detects both full-length (1-84)PTH and (7-84)PTH fragments. The third generation whole PTH (wPTH) assay however has turned out to be specific for (1-84) PTH. The aim of this study is to investigate the features of plasma iPTH, (1-84)PTH, (7-84)PTH levels in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), and evaluate the effects of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on above markers in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 90 controls and 233 stage 5 CKD patients, and a prospective follow-up study in 31 severe SHPT patients were conducted. Plasma iPTH and (1-84)PTH levels were measured by the second and third generation assay, respectively. Circulating (7-84)PTH level was calculated by subtracting the (1-84)PTH value from the iPTH value. Results: Plasma levels of iPTH, (1-84)PTH, (7-84)PTH were higher (P<0.01), and (1-84)PTH/iPTH was lower (P<0.01) in stage 5 CKD patients than in controls. For severe SHPT patients with PTX (n=74), plasma iPTH, (1-84)PTH and (7-84)PTH concentrations were significantly increased compared to non-PTX group (n=159) (P<0.01), and the increase of (7-84)PTH level was more striking than (1-84)PTH. Meanwhile, the value of (1-84)PTH/iPTH was decreased (P<0.01). Plasma iPTH level was strongly correlated with (1-84)PTH level (r=0.980, P<0.01) in stage 5 CKD patients. Also, both iPTH and (1-84)PTH levels were positively correlated with serum alkaline phosphatase, dialysis vintage and serum phosphorus (P<0.01). After PTX (median interval of follow-up: 7.1 months), plasma iPTH, (1-84)PTH, (7-84)PTH concentrations were decreased (by 92.9%, 89.7%, 95.8%, P<0.01, respectively) greatly and (1-84)PTH/iPTH was increased (P<0.01). Conclusions In stage 5 CKD patients, plasma iPTH, (1-84)PTH, (7-84)PTH levels are greatly increased while (1-84)PTH/iPTH is decreased, and PTX can significantly improve abnormality of above markers in severe SHPT patients. The second generation PTH assay overestimates the severity of SHPT, and the accurate measurement of (1-84)PTH by the third assays is more conducive to diagnosis and treatment of CKD and SHPT patients.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors in patients with primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (PGI-DLBCL).

METHODSLong term follow-up of 85 patients with PGI-DLBCL was carried out and the patients clinical data were retrospectively evaluated. The risk factors for survival rate were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

RESULTSThe median age of 85 patients was 61 years old (18-87), and male: female ratio was 1.83:1 (55/30). The stomach origin accounted for 63.5% (54/85), intestine origin for 35.3% (30/85) and multiple GI involvements for 1.2% (1/85). Bone marrow involvement accounted for 16.4% (11/64), Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection for 51.4% (19/37). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of all patients were 63.9%. The 5-year OS of patients in stomach and intestinal groups were 75.3% and 44.1%, respectively (P=0.005). The 5-year OS of germinal center B cell-like (GCB) group and non-GCB groups were 64.7% and 62.4%, respectively (P = 0.610). Univariated analysis revealed that the factors affecting OS of patients included age, lesion site, tumor size, gastrointestinal clinical Lugano staging system, IPI score (all P values < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that IPI score was independent prognosis risk factor affecting OS (RR = 3.609, 95 CI 2.034-6.404, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIPI score was independent prognosis risk factor affecting OS of PGI-DLBCL patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Helicobacter Infections ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult