Objective: To observe the rheological properties of octoxynol-9 vaginal thermosensitive in situ gel [(O-9)-VTG] for predicting the gelation behavior in vivo, and evaluate the retention ability in vagina.Methods: The rheological parameters of (O-9)-VTG and (O-9)-VTG diluted by stimulant vaginal fluid (SVF) were measured by a Haake Rheomix to characterize the rheological properties.The vaginal samples after the administration of self-made (O-9)-VTG and O-9 gel were withdrawn, and then the concentration of octoxynol-9 in the samples was determined to evaluate the retention ability.Results: (O-9)-VTG was Newtonian fluid with low viscoelasticity under room temperature and converted to gel at 32.6℃.The formula could still transform into gel at body temperature after diluted by SVF, and resided in the vagina of mice above 8 h.Conclusion: (O-9)-VTG has suitable gelation temperature and rheological properties.Compared with the self-made octoxynol-9 gel, (O-9)-VTG has satisfactory retention in vagina, which meets the requirements for vaginal topical use.

Objective:To prepare compound mupirocin film forming gel and establish the quality control methods. Methods:The compound film forming gel was prepared using tannic acid and salicylic acid as the esterifying agents interacting with hydroxypropyl cel-lulose followed by cross-linking with tartaric acid and sorbitol to form a new film forming material, and then antimicrobial mupirocin and anesthetic dyclonine were added to prepare compound mupirocin film forming gel. The contents of mupirocin and dyclonine were deter-mined by HPLC. The column was Hypersil ODS2 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-ammonium acetate buffer (1. 15 g ammonium acetate, 300 ml water, 1 ml glacial acetic acid) (75 :25). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the detection wavelength was 230 nm. The column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 20μl. Results:The film form-ing gel was yellow, brown and gelatinous at the normal temperature, and formed transparent film after coating on the skin. The linear range of mupirocin and dyclonine was 20-400μg﹒ml-1(r=0. 9999) and 10-200μg﹒ml-1(r=0. 9996), respectively. The aver-age recovery was 99.9%(RSD=0.54%, n=9) and 99.6%(RSD =1.45%, n =9), respectively. Conclusion: The preparation process is reasonable, simple and controllable in the preparation of ideal film forming gel.

As a novel concept for cell delivery,cell sheet may retain the extracellular matrix and adhesive proteins,avoid the use of bioma-terials for delivery,and increase cell survival rate while reduce cell loss following cell transplantation.This review summarizes the use of cell sheet technology for periodontal and pulp-dentin complex regeneration,highlights recent progresses and future challenges in this field.

Along with recent advances in biological signal molecule and tissue engineering technology,periodontal regeneration has been gained more and more new opportunities,but also faces many challenges.This paper briefly reviewes the preclinical and clinical studies of periodontal tissue regeneration,highlighting the latest achievement and progress in the clinical study of biological signal molecules and stem cell therapy in the treatment of periodontal disease worldwide.

Objective:To discuss the management norms for the rational use of potassium chloride injection in neurosurgery department of a hospital.Methods:A special review of the medical advice including potassium chloride injection from January to June in 2016 in neurosurgery department was carried out.Results:In the 2 596 prescriptions including potassium chloride injection,the irrational drug use rate was 17.87%,and among them,92.67% were irrational compatibility,which showed serious risk of drug use.Conclusion:Some defects still exist in the application management of potassium chloride injection in neurosurgery department of this hospital.In order to avoid the risk of clinical medication,it is necessary to establish standardized management norms for the use of potassium chloride injection in this hospital to further promote the management of high-risk drugs with intravenous administration commonly used in clinics.

Objective To evaluate the effect of small interfering RNA targeting caspase-12 (caspase-12-siRNA) pretreatment on lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.Methods Forty male C57BL/6J mice,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 16-24 g,were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,negative control group (group NC) and caspase-12-siRNA pretreatment group (group siRNA).Lung I/R was induced by clamping the left pulmonary hilum for 30 min followed by 3 h reperfusion in anesthetized mice in IR,NC and siRNA groups.At 48 h before ischemia,negative control siRNA 20 μg and caspase-12-siRNA 20 μg were instilled intranasally in NC and siRNA groups,respectively,and the total volume was 50 μl.At 3 h of reperfusion,the animals were sacrificed and the left lung was removed for determination of wet/dry lung weight (W/D) ratio and lung water content in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.Pulmonary ultrastructure was examined with electron microscope.The quantitative evaluation index (QEI) for alveolar damage and apoptosis rate were calculated.Results Compared with group S,W/D ratio,lung water content,QEI for alveolar damage and apoptosis index were significantly increased in IR and NC groups,QEI for alveolar damage and apoptosis index were increased in group siRNA (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with IR and NC groups,W/D ratio,lung water content,QEI for alveolar damage and apoptosis index were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and the pathological changes of lungs were alleviated in group siRNA.There was no significant difference in the indices mentioned above between groups IR and NC (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Caspase-12-siRNA pretreatment can attenuate lung I/R injury in mice.

Objective To approach the effect of protective mechanical ventilation on acute lung injury after orthotopic liver transplantation, by observing changes of plasma markers of lung injury and inflammatory mediators.Methods Sixty patients scheduled for liver transplantation under general anesthesia, 42 males and 18 females, aged 21-62 years, weighing 43-80 kg, ASA physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ, were randomly divided into 2 groups: protective mechanical ventilation group (group P) and unprotective mechanical ventilation group (group U).Pulmonary artery blood for plasma markers of lung injury and inflammatory mediators were collected at the following time points: before operation (T1), 3 hours after mechanical ventilation (T2), 2 hours (T3) and 4 hours in neohepatic stage (T4).These mediators included clara cell secretory protein (CC16), surfactant proteins (SP-D), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8.Moreover, blood gas results were recorded at these 7 time points: T1-T4, 2 hours after operation (T5), before tracheal extubation (T6) and 2 days after operation (T7).The postoperative awakening time, tracheal extubation time, ICU stay time and the incidence of ALI were recorded.Results Compared with T1, plasma level of CC16 in the two groups increased at T2 and T3 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), however, plasma level of SP-D, sRAGE, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 did not increase until T3 (P<0.01).Moreover, plasma level of sRAGE, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 at T4 were higher than those at T1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with T1, OIs in the two groups increased at T2, T5 and T6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while decreased at T4 in group P (P<0.01) and at T3 and T4 in group U (P<0.01).In group P, patients showed a lower plasma level of CC16 at T2 and T3 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), a higher OI at T3 (P<0.05) and an earlier tracheal extubation after operation [(8.9±3.2) h vs (9.3±2.8) h, P<0.05] compared with group U.There was no significant difference of acute lung injury incidence between the two groups after operation, which was 5(16.6%) and 7 (23.3%), respectively.Conclusion Protective mechanical ventilation may promote oxygenation index, and shorten tracheal extubation time, thus protect lung function of patients in liver transplantation to some extend.

Objective To evaluate the effects of lung-protective ventilation on acute lung injury after liver transplantation.Methods Sixty patients of both sexes,aged 21-64 yr,with body mass index of 18-28 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ,scheduled for elective orthotopic liver transplantation,were divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:conventional mechanical ventilation group (group CMV) and lung-protective ventilation group (group LPV).In group LPV,the patients were mechanically ventilated (tidal volume 6-8 ml/kg,respiratory rate 10-15 breaths/min,positive end-expiratory pressure 3-10 cmH2 O),and lung recruitment mnaneuver was pertormed every 2 h.Before skin incision (T1),at 3 h of preanhepatic phase (T2),at 30 min of anhepatic phase (T3) and at 2 and 4 h of neohepatic phase (T4.5),bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and blood samples from the radial artery were simultaneously collected for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 concentrations in BALF and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.At 2 h after operation (T6),before tracheal extubation (T7) and at 2 days after operation (T8),blood samples from the radial artery were collected for blood gas analysis,and oxygenation index was calculated.The concentrations of serum Clara cell secretory protein 16,surfactant protein D and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products were determined at T1-T8 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The postoperative emergence time,extubation time,duration of intensive care unit stay and development of acute lung injury were recorded.Results Compared with group CMV,the cxtubation time was significantly shortened,serum concentrations of Clara cell secretory protein 16 at T2,T3,T6 and T7,serum surfactant protein D concentrations at T5 and serum concentrations of soluable receptor for advanced glycation endproducts at T5 and T6 were decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in tunor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 concentrations in serum and BALF at each time point or postoperative incidence of acute lung injury,oxygenation index,emergence time and duration of intensive care unit stay in group LPV (P＞0.05).Conclusion Although lung-protective ventilation dose not decrease the development of acute lung injury after liver transplantation,it attenuates lung tissue injury to some extent.

Objective To investigate the injury of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in small intestinal mucosa and the protective role of muscovite.Methods From December 2012 to June 2013,28 healthy volunteers without intestinal mucosal injury showed by capsule endoscopy were selected as objects of this study.Based on computer-generated random number table,the subjects were divided into muscovite group and control group.Subjects of muscovite group orally took muscovite 3 g twice daily,diclofenac 75 mg twice daily and omeprazole 20 mg once a day.The medicine for control group were as same as muscovite group but no muscovite.Patient in both groups took medicines for two weeks.All subjects underwent capsule endoscopy examination after the medication.Before and after the medication,the clinical symptoms of subjects and the changes of small intestinal mucosa under endoscopy were compared.The t-test was performed for comparison between the groups in normally distributed measurement data.For non-normal distributed measurement data,Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison between the groups.Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was implemented for comparison between the groups of count data.Results There were no differences in the incidences of the injury of the intestinal mucosa,ulceration,petechiae and (or) erythema,mucosal exposure between muscovite group (5/14,4/14,3/14 and 1/14,respectively) and control group (10/14,8/14,7/14 and 3/14,respectively) (all P＞0.05).Both the incidences of intestinal mucosal erosions and lymphangiectasis of muscovite group (4/14 and 1/14) were lower than those of control group (10/14 and 8/14) and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =5.143,Fisher's exact test,both P＜0.05).All the number of injury of the intestinal mucosa,ulceration and erosions of muscovite group (0.00(2.00),0.00(1.00),0.00(1.25),respectively) were lower than those of control group (5.50(17.25),2.00(9.75),3.00(5.00),respectively) and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-2.156,-1.988 and -2.338,all P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the number of petechiae and (or) erythema between muscovite group and control group (P＞0.05).In muscovite group,the number of grade zero,one,two,three and four intestinal mucosa injury was nine,zero,one,three and one; in control group was four,zero,two,two and six.There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (Z=-2.108,P＜0.05).In muscovite group,the number of mucosa injury in the upper,middle and lower sections of small intestine was 0.00(0.25),0.00(0.25),0.00(0.75),respectively,and there was no significant difference in the distribution of small intestinal mucosa injury in the group (all P＞ 0.05).In control group,the number of mucosa injury in the upper,middle and lower sections of small intestine was 2.00(4.00),0.00(4.25),3.00(9.75),respectively,and there was statistically significant difference in the distribution of small intestinal mucosa injury in the group (x2 =7.189,P＜0.05).The number of small intestinal mucosa injury in the upper and lower sections of control group was more than that of muscovite group and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.087 and-2.502,both P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Short-term orally taking NSAID lead to small intestinal mucosal injury and muscovite could reduce NSAID-related small intestinal mucosal injury.

Objective To evaluate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) signaling pathway in the spinal cord in the maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats.Methods Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 150-180 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),sham operation + JNK inhibitor SP600125 (group SP),BCP group,BCP + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,and BCP+ SP600125 group (group BCP+ SP).BCP was induced by injecting Walker 256 mammary gland cancer cells into the bone marrow of the left tibia.On 10-12 days after BCP,SP600125 10 μg(10 μ1) was injected intrathecally once a day in SP and BCP + SP groups,and 5％ DMSO 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in BCP + DMSO group.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured at 1 day before BCP and 3,6,9,10,11 and 12 days after BCP.After measurement of MWT at 12 days after BCP,the rats were sacrificed and L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of MCP-1 expression by using immuno-histochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with S group,MWT was significantly decreased at 6-12 days after BCP,MCP-1 expression was upregulated in BCP,BCP + DMSO and BCP + SP groups (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in SP group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with BCP group,MWT was significantly increased at 10-12 days after BCP,MCP-1 expression was down-regulated in BCP + SP group (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in BCP + DMSO group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion JNK/MCP-1 signaling pathway in the spinal cord may be involved in the maintenance of BCP in rats.