Objective To compare the application effects of alfentanil and fentanyl in the extraction of supernumerary teeth in the maxilla under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask in children.Methods Fifty-eight children who underwent extraction of supernumerary teeth under general anesthesia were selected,including 43 males and 15 females,aged 5-12 years,weighing 15-50 kg,ASA physical statusⅠ or Ⅱ,and the expected operation time＜30 minutes.The children were divided into two groups by ran-dom number table method:afentanil group(group A)and fentanyl group(group C),29 children in each group.Group A was given alfentanil 10 μg/kg,and then propofol 3 mg/kg for anesthesia induction;group C was given fentanyl 1.5 μg/kg,and then propofol 3 mg/kg.Both groups used 1.0 minimum alveolar effective concentration(MAC)sevoflurane in the anesthesia maintenance stage.HR and MAP were recorded before anesthesia induction(T0),before laryngeal mask placement(T1),at gingival incision(T2),and at the end of surgery(T3).The time of laryngeal mask removal,recovery time,recovery rate of spontaneous respi-ration,incidence of perioperative adverse reactions,satisfaction scores of the surgeon and family members of the children were recorded.Results Compared with group C,HR was significantly increased at T3,the time of laryngeal mask removal was significantly shortened,the recovery rate of spontaneous respiration was significantly increased,and the incidence of perioperative adverse reactions was significantly decreased in group A(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the recovery time,the satisfaction scores of the surgeon and the family members of the two groups.Conclusion Alfentanil has more advantages than fentanyl in the extraction of supernumerary teeth in the maxilla under laryngeal mask general anesthesia in children,which can not only accelerate the recovery of children,but also effectively improve the turnover rate of the operating room and reduce the occurrence of perioperative adverse reactions.