Objective To investigate the role of metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR) in the evaluation of prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC) at different lymph node numbers examined.Methods Clinical data were reviewed retrospectively in a total 535 patients who underwent surgery for GC.Spearman correlation analysis between MLR or number of metastatic lymph nodes (N) and examined lymph node numbers,Kaplan-Meier method was used for comparison survival rates of N stage and MLR stage.A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the role of N stage and MLR stage in the prognosis of GC patients.Results Metastatic lymph node ratio and number of metastatic lymph nodes correlated with the examined lymph node numbers (r =0.146,r =0.378,P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.001).The 5 year survival rate of MLR0,MLR1,MLR2 and MLR3 patients were 57.5％,69.9％,40.0％ and 21.7％ respectively when examined lymph node numbers ＜ 6 (P ＜ 0.01).The 5-YSR of MLR0,MLR1,MLR2 and MLR3 patients were 86.8％,59.2％,35.8％ and 39.2％ respectively when between 6-10 (P ＜0.001) and the 5-YSR of MLR0,MLR1,MLR2 and MLR3 patients were 88.7％,62.5％,0 and 17.7％ respectively when they ＞ 10(P ＜0.001).AUC of MLR staging was 0.68 ±0.05 when the numbers ＜ 6 (P ＜ 0.001).AUC of MLR staging was 0.72 ± 0.04 at numbers 6-10 (P ＜ 0.001).AUC of MLR staging was 0.79 ± 0.03 when numbers ＞ 10 (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions MLR was less influenced by lymph node number examined than N.MLR stage has potential superiority to that the N stage in assessing prognosis of GC patients,especially for patients with more than 6 lymph nodes examined.

Adult ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; etiology ; Female ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; etiology ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; complications

Objective To study the role of Anopheles anthropophagus in malaria transmission and transmission threshold so as to provide basis for vector surveillance and malaria control strategy. Methods Parasitological and entomological methods were used in the investigation at 5 villages of Xinyang City, Henan Province. Results From July to August, 1999, 74 febrile cases (10\^9% of the total population) were examined. Among them 50 were infected, the incidence in the population of surveyed spots was 7\^4%. Active detection was made in another randomly selected two villages and found that the parasite rate in the inhabitants was 2\^0%, and the positive rate of IFA was 8\^4%. Only vivax malaria was detected. An.anthropophagus and An.sinensis were collected, with An.anthropophagus as the predominant one in human dwellings. The estimated man\|biting rate and the human blood index were 4\^9388 and 0\^7858 respectively. The vectorial capacity of An. anthropophagus was 5\^5296. The critical man\|biting rate of An.anthropophagus was 0\^2407 as calculated by the formula (ma=-rlnP/abP\+n) according to Macdonald′s model.The local man\|biting rate was 20 times higher than that of the critical man\|biting rate. Conclusion The results demonstrated that An.anthropophagus is the principal vector in malaria transmission in the area. The findings imply that the critical man\|biting rate is of practicable importance in vector surveillance.

In recent years, the research on boron-containing drugs, especially boric acid drugs, has been increasing gradually.Boron-containing drugs, which have been a new area of research for pharmaceutical chemists in the development of new drugs, play an increasingly important anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-tumor role.At present, five boron-containing drugs have been approved, many are under clinical trials, and more are under investigation around the world, which has greatly expanded the application of boron in the research of new drugs.This paper introduces the characteristics of boron, and reviews the indications of representative boron-containing drugs in various research stages, their binding mechanisms with targets, and their progress after entering clinical trials, aiming to provide reference for further research on boron-containing drugs.

This article introduced the conception and the harm of external ventricular drainage (EVD) catheter related infections. Risk factors of external ventricular drainage catheter related infections were focused. The six aspects were reviewed: the type of EVD catheters, the duration of EVD retention, the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid sampling during the retention, the frequency of VED catheter replacements, the location of EVD implantation, and the maintenance operation of EVD catheters. The article provided data support for the clinical decision-making of medical staff.

Objective To explore the risk factors of catheter-related infections of external ventricular drainage (EVD),so as to provide evidence for effective prevention and control measures.Methods A total of 428 patients′ clinical data were collected by retrospective case analysis in cluster sampling,who underwent external ventricular drainage in Neurosurgery Department of a class Ⅲ grade A hospital in Shanghai from January 2014 to October 2016. The incidence of EVD infection was analyzed. At the same time,univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were adopted for risk factors of EVD related infection.Results The catheter-related ventricular infections occurred in 36 of 428 cases of patients,with the incidence rate 8.41％. The detection rate of pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid was 75.00％,and Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens (78.13％),among which the most common was Acinetobacter baumannii (28.11％). Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of catheter-related ventricular infection was related to gender,age,admission diagnosis,diabetes mellitus,preoperative pulmonary infection,Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score,American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification,duration of EVD,type of EVD,number of catheters,frequency of replacing catheter,frequency of sampling cerebrospinal fluid (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression suggested that duration of EVD,number of catheters,pulmonary infection and frequency of sampling cerebrospinal fluid were independent risk factors causing catheter-related ventricular infection (OR=1.070,13.236,6.800,6.248).Conclusions The catheter-related ventricular infection can be caused by single factor or the synergistic action of multiple factors. The control of pulmonary infection and the management of blood glucose level are helpful to reduce the infection of EVD related infection.