ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanism of prostaglandins E2 ( PGE2 ) in promoting bone formation by detecting the changes of gene expression profiles of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts treated with PGE2. MethodsThe genes with differential expression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts treated with 10 μmol/L PGE2 for 30 minutes were performed by gene chip technology. Several major genes during bone regeneration were selected for Western blot analysis. ResultsAfter co-culture of MC3T3-E1 cells with PGE2 at concentration of 10 μmol/L for 30 min, 276 genes were up-regulated, including bone regeneration related MMD (monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated), NR4A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2), BMP-7 ( bone morphogenetic protein-7), POSTN ( periostin, osteoblast specific factor) and catenin (cadherin-associated protein) genes; and 168 genes were down-regulated,including bone regeneration related Idl ,2,3 ( inhibitor of DNA binding 1,2,3 ) genes. Western blot analysis indicated that the expressions of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and BMP-7 protein in the osteoblasts treated with 10 μmol/l PGE2 were apparently higher ( P ＜ 0. Ol ) than that of the controls, whereas the ld2 expression decreased (P ＜0. O1 ) under the same conditions, which was almost the same as the results of gene chip technology. ConclusionsWith the results of gene chip and Western blot, it can be speculated that the PGE 2 firstly activates the nuclear receptor NR4A2 and then the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB, induces the changes of the downstream gene BMP-7 and Id2 expression and finally results in the differentiation of the osteoblasts and promote the bone regeneration.

Objective:To analyze the arsenic exposure of industrial residents and its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for protecting the health of industrial residents.Methods:In 2017, the samples of PM 2.5, drinking water and soil were collected by using cross-sectional survey and were tested for arsenic contents in Xigu District, Lanzhou City. The environmental arsenic exposure was analyzed by using Environmental Protection Agency of USA health risk assessment models. The levels of urinary arsenic and blood arsenic were measured in residents who included adults, children and teenagers. The internal exposure level of arsenic and its influencing factors were analyzed. The correlation between arsenic and internal and external exposure factors were also analyzed. The content of arsenic was expressed by geometric mean. Results:A total of 84 samples of PM 2.5 were collected, and the content of air arsenic was 7.53 ng/m 3. A total of 108 samples of drinking water were collected, and the content of water arsenic was 0.002 2 mg/L. A total of 40 samples of soil were collected, and the content of soil arsenic was 0.14 mg/kg. The total non-carcinogenic risk of environmental arsenic was 0.39, which was lower than the acceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (1.00). The total carcinogenic risk of environmental arsenic was 6.59 × 10 -5. The total carcinogenic risk of arsenic was the highest through drinking water exposure and followed by the respiratory inhalation exposure, accounting for 78.60% [(5.18 × 10 -5)/(6.59 × 10 -5)] and 20.79% [(1.37 × 10 -5)/(6.59 × 10 -5)] of the total carcinogenic risk of environmental arsenic, respectively. There were 135 subjects, and 135 blood samples were collected. The content of blood arsenic was 0.92 μg/L. The level of blood arsenic of adults (1.05 μg/L) was higher than that of children and teenagers (0.75 μg/L, U = - 3.594, P < 0.05). One hundred and thirty-five urinary samples were collected, and the content of urinary arsenic was 14.17 μg/L. There was a positive correlation between urinary arsenic and blood arsenic ( r = 0.357, P < 0.05). Blood arsenic levels were positively correlated with the total carcinogenic risk and the risk of carcinogenesis through respiratory, oral and skin exposures ( r = 0.252, 0.244, 0.255, 0.255, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Arsenic in the environment of industrial areas has a potential carcinogenic risk to the residents, so the intake of arsenic in drinking water through oral exposure and respiratory inhalation exposure should be limited.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of AKR1B10 inhibitor combined with sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft growth. Methods: HepG2 xenograft model was established in nude mice. The mice were then randomly divided into four groups: control group, epalrestat monotherapy group, sorafenib monotherapy group and combination treatment group. Tumor volume, tumor weight, T/C ratio and the change in body weight of nude mice in each group were compared to evaluate the curative effect. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissues to evaluate the proliferation status of tumor cells. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between the groups. Student’s t-test was used to test means of two groups and chi-square test was used for multiple samples. Results: The differences of the grafted tumor volume before and after treatment between the control group, epalrestat group, sorafenib group and combined therapy group was 238.940 ± 39.813, 124.991 ± 84.670, -26.111 ± 11.518, and -54.072 ± 17.673(mm³), respectively, (F = 37.048, P < 0.001). The tumor mass were 0.273 ± 0.140, 0.158 ± 0.078, 0.079 ± 0.054, 0.045 ± 0.024 (g), (F = 16.594, P < 0.001); T/C ratio were 100%, 57.9%, 28.9%, 16.5%, and Ki-67 positive rate were 23.295 ± 6.218, 13.503 ± 3.392, 7.325 ± 2.257, 4.664 ± 1.189 (%), (χ² = 822.203, P < 0.001) . The tumor volume (t = -3.579, P = 0.002) and Ki-67 positive rate (t = -10.003, P < 0.001) in epalrestat monotherapy group were significantly lower than control group. The tumor volume (t = 2.056, P = 0.025), tumor mass (t = 2.101, P = 0.043), and Ki-67 positive rate (t = -2.850, P = 0.005) in combination treatment group were significantly lower than sorafenib monotherapy group. Compared with the control group, the body weight of nude mice in the treatment group decreased to a certain extent, but there was no statistically significant difference between epalrestat monotherapy group and control group (t = -1.599, P = 0.262), and combined therapy and sorafenib monotherapy group (t = -0.051, P = 0.96). Conclusion AKR1B10 inhibitor enhanced the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft.

Objective To assess and compare the incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of acute heart failure patients from different grades hospitals in Beijing.Methods In this prospective internet prognosis registered study (Beijing AHF Registry),a total of 3 335 consecutive patients admitted to 14 emergency departments in Beijing from January 1st 2011 to September 23rd 2012 were enrolled.According to hospital grade,these patients were divided into two groups,349 patients were from secondary hospitals,and 2 956 patients were from tertiary hospitals.Results Among the 3 335 patients,the medium age was 71 (58,79) years,and male accounted for 53.16％.The most common underlying disease were coronary disease (43.27％),hypertension (17.73％),cardiomyopathy (16.07％) etc.The average treatment time in Emergency Department was 66.82 h.The emergency department mortality rate was 3.81％ (127 cases).The 30-day and 1-year cumulative all-cause mortality were 15.3％ and 32.27％,respectively.The 30-day and 1-year cumulative all-cause readmission were 15.64％ and 46.89％,respectively.Compared with patients in tertiary hospitals,patients in secondary hospitals had more onset acute heart failure patients (63.64％ vs.49.93％),shorter emergency department treatment time (12 h vs.41 h),lower discharge rate (3.43％ vs.37.45％) and emergency department mortality(1.58％ vs.4.09％).Compared with those in tertiary hospitals,1-year cumulative all-cause mortality (25.6％ vs.33.2％),cardiovascular disease mortality (20.2％ vs.26.0％),aggravated heart failure mortality (22.4％ vs.28.8％) were lower in secondary hospitals.Following propensity score matching,compared to tertiary hospitals,patients in secondary hospitals showed lower utilization rate of beta-blockers and ACEFARB (4.51％ vs.28.17％,1.41％ vs.9.58％),except the pironolactone.Conclusion Acute heart failure in emergency department is associated with a high mortality rate and readmission rate.There is still a big gap between guidelines recommend medication current treatments for acute heart failure.