OBJECTIVE:To investigate antioxidant effects of different extract parts from Aquilaria sinensis leaves. METH-ODS:A. sinensis leaves were extracted by reflux extraction with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,absolutely ethanol,water to obtain corresponding parts (AGP,AGE,AGA and AGW parts). The ability of different extracts eliminating ABTS+ free radical,DPPH free radical and O2-free radical and reducing Cu2+ were investigated. IC50 was also calculated. Vitamin C(VC)was used as positive control in above tests. RESULTS:Those parts eliminated above free radicals and reduced Cu2+ in concentration-dependant manner, among which maximal elimination rate of AGA and AGW parts to ABTS+ free radical were 100% and 81.07%(IC50=14.89,23.12 mg/L)and higher than that of VC(88%);those of other parts were less than 50%. The maximal elimination rate of AGA parts to DPPH free radical was 67.74%(IC50=47.96 mg/L),but still lower than that of VC(91.44%);the elimination rates of other parts were all weak and lower than 40%. The maximal elimination rates of AGA and AGW parts to O2-free radical were 67.79% and 61.79%(IC50=393.01,421.04 mg/L),but still lower than that of VC(88%);the elimination rates of other parts were all lower than 33%. The maximal reduction percentage of AGP,AGE,AGA and AGW parts to Cu2+ were all higher than 50%(IC50=55.99, 40.27,25.44,31.06 mg/L,respectively),but still lower than that of VC (100%). CONCLUSIONS:Different extract parts from A. sinensis leaves have antioxidant activity in vitro,and that of AGA is the strongest.

Objective:To analyze the depressive symptoms of physical and mental workers and the impact of their behavior and lifestyle on their depressive symptoms.Methods:In August 2022, a cross-sectional study design was adopted to select 553 workers as research subjects using cluster sampling. General demographic information, health-related behaviors and lifestyles were collected, and their depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). The differences in general demographic information, health-related behaviors and lifestyles between physical and mental workers were analyzed, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in occupational populations.Results:Among the 553 subjects, 317 were physical workers (57.32%) and 236 were mental workers (42.68%). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of education level, monthly income, smoking rate, regular physical exercise rate and appropriate sleep time rate ( P<0.05). The score and the detection rate of depression symptoms among physical workers were (9.67±2.75) points and 20.82% (66/317), respectively, which were higher than those of mental workers [(8.34±2.18) points, 12.71% (30/236) ] ( t=6.13, χ 2=6.20, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, regular physical exercise, appropriate sleep time and mental work were influencing factors of depressive symptoms among the occupational population ( OR=1.592, 95% CI: 1.316-1.825; OR=0.659, 95% CI: 0.416-0.830; OR=0.502, 95% CI: 0.257-0.717; OR=0.839, 95% CI: 0.522-0.967; P<0.05) . Conclusion:The depressive symptoms of physical workers are more serious than those of mental workers. Low education level, not frequently participating in physical exercise, smoking and sleep disorder are potential risk factors that affect the depressive symptoms of the occupational population.

Objective:To analyze the depressive symptoms of physical and mental workers and the impact of their behavior and lifestyle on their depressive symptoms.Methods:In August 2022, a cross-sectional study design was adopted to select 553 workers as research subjects using cluster sampling. General demographic information, health-related behaviors and lifestyles were collected, and their depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). The differences in general demographic information, health-related behaviors and lifestyles between physical and mental workers were analyzed, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in occupational populations.Results:Among the 553 subjects, 317 were physical workers (57.32%) and 236 were mental workers (42.68%). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of education level, monthly income, smoking rate, regular physical exercise rate and appropriate sleep time rate ( P<0.05). The score and the detection rate of depression symptoms among physical workers were (9.67±2.75) points and 20.82% (66/317), respectively, which were higher than those of mental workers [(8.34±2.18) points, 12.71% (30/236) ] ( t=6.13, χ 2=6.20, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, regular physical exercise, appropriate sleep time and mental work were influencing factors of depressive symptoms among the occupational population ( OR=1.592, 95% CI: 1.316-1.825; OR=0.659, 95% CI: 0.416-0.830; OR=0.502, 95% CI: 0.257-0.717; OR=0.839, 95% CI: 0.522-0.967; P<0.05) . Conclusion:The depressive symptoms of physical workers are more serious than those of mental workers. Low education level, not frequently participating in physical exercise, smoking and sleep disorder are potential risk factors that affect the depressive symptoms of the occupational population.

BACKGROUNDConstructing replication defective recombinant adenovirus vector expressing the group specific antigen VP6 of human rotavirus and studying the immune responses induced in vivo.

METHODSThe cDNA of full length VP6 was inserted into the adenovirus vector pShuttle-CMV, and recombinant adenovirus genome DNA was obtained through homological recombination in E.coli,then the recombinant adenovirus was gained after transfecting 293 cell line with the genome DNA. Gene integration of VP6 in resultant adenovirus was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot, respectively gene expression was confirmed in 293 cells by Western blot. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally(inl)and orally(ora), respectively, to test the immunization effects of the adenovirus.

RESULTSRecombinant adenovirus named rvAd-VP6 was obtained. The cDNA of VP6 was integrated in the adenovirus and was able to be expressed in 293 cells stably. The systemic immune responses to rotavirus VP6 could be induced effectively in both oral and intranasal group, the titer of serum IgG antibody in the two group of mice were 1?1 000 and 1?10 000-1?100 000, respectively. In addition to IgG, the serum IgA specific to VP6 could also be detected at a titer of 1?10-1?100. Secretory IgA(sIgA) was detected in both lung lavage fluid and intestinal homogenate when administered intranasally to BALB/c mice, whereas only found in intestinal homogenate in the oral group. The results indicated that the immunization efficacy of intranasal inoculation was superior to that of oral inoculation.

CONCLUSIONSThe recombinant adenovirus vector expressing human rotavirus VP6 was successfully constructed, its ability to induce immune responses has laid a solid foundation for the development of rotavirus genetically engineering vaccine against rotavirus infection.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Antigens, Viral ; Capsid Proteins ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombination, Genetic ; Rotavirus ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo set up a novel, simple, sensitive, specific, repeatable and rapid assay for diagnosis of influenza.

METHODSMonolayers of MDCK cells were inoculated with the specimens for amplifying viral yield, the feature of receptors on cell surface was changed by treatment of neuraminidases of influenza A and B viruses. Afterward, based on the lectin binds to receptors on cell surface with strict specificity,the phenomenon of red blood cell aggregation was observed under the conventional microscope. Finally, the tested results could be determined by the extent of red blood cell aggregation.

RESULTSThere was a complete (%) consistency rate (100%) for viral isolation between new and routine tests. In general, the results were detected with new assay within 20 h. The sensitivity of new assay was over 100-10,000 times higher than that of routine method. Meanwhile, the novel test could not only be used for rapid diagnosis in the clinic, but also be used for influenza surveillance. The best concentration of red blood cells was 1 in the detection assay. The testing result was not effected by red blood cells taken from either different red blood cell type of human or different individual of guinea pigs.

CONCLUSIONSThe novel method has several advantages: simple, high sensitivity and specificity, accurate and suitable for multiple purposes.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Erythrocyte Aggregation ; drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; enzymology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza B virus ; enzymology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; diagnosis ; virology ; Neuraminidase ; analysis ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective:To explore the utility of combining repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with action observation therapy (AOT) in improving the upper limb motor functioning of children with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy (HSCP).Methods:A total of 66 children with HSCP were randomly divided into a sham stimulation group, an rTMS group and a combination group, each of 22. In addition to routine rehabilitation, the sham stimulation and rTMS groups received the relevant treatment or sham treatment, while the combination group also received action observation therapy (AOT). The treatment was administered daily, five times a week for 12 weeks. Before and after the treatment, everyone′s upper limb muscle tone was evaluated using the modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and fine motor function, grasping and hand coordination were quantified using the fine component of the Peabody Motor Development Scale (PDMS-FM) and the Carroll upper limb function test (UEFT).Results:After the treatment, significant improvement was documented in the average MAS scores of the bicipital arm and wrist flexors of all three groups, and also in their average PDMS-FM scores, fine motor quotient (FMQ) scores and UEFT scores. After 12 weeks the combination group significantly out-scored the other two groups in terms of their average biceps and wrist flexor MAS scores, PDMS-FM grasping area and visual-motor integration area scores, FMQ score and UEFT score. There was no significant difference between the other two groups in any of the outcome measurements, on average.Conclusions:Supplementing rTMS and routine rehabilitation with AOT more effectively improves the upper limb muscle tension, upper limb functioning and fine finger manipulation of children with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy.

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a severe complication of diabetes.Its incidence increases annually,posing a significant burden on public health.The strategy of symptomatic treatment based on pathogenesis differentiation,focusing on identifying pathogenesis,is particularly meaningful for managing complex and variable chronic diseases like DKD.Within this framework,the state of latent heat persists throughout DKD,with"latent heat causing accumulation"identified as the core pathogenesis affecting and promoting the development and progression of DKD.This paper is centered on the concept of"latent heat causing accumulation"and adopts symptomatic treatment based on pathogenesis differentiation as its guiding principle to explore the role of latent heat in DKD.It highlights that the onset of DKD involves environmental and constitutional pathogenesis associated with"the concealment of latent heat"and"stagnant-heat invading collaterals"as the initial pathogenesis,"latent heat causing accumulation"as the core mechanism,and"secondary turbid heat"as the derivative pathogenesis.These pathogenesis factors collectively influence the symptoms,sequelae,and prognosis of DKD.Moreover,this paper provides commonly used prescriptions for different stages,syndrome types,and complications of the disease,aiming to offer a reference for clinical practice in flexibly addressing changes in disease conditions based on varied pathogenesis.

Due to the increasingly severe situation of pathogen resistance， the efficacy of classical antibiotics has declined， and the difficulty of treating community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） has gradually increased. Omadacycline was approved for marketing in China in December 2021 and has been approved for treating community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection in adults. Based on introducing the pathogen resistance of CAP， this article systematically reviews the antibacterial activity and resistance， pharmacokinetic characteristics， and clinical efficacy of omadacycline. It is found that its antibacterial spectrum is wide， its bioavailability is high， and its safety is good. Its pharmacokinetic parameters are not affected by the patients’ age， gender， liver and kidney function， or drug interactions， and it is effective against multiple drug-resistant bacteria， Gram-negative bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactases， atypical pathogens， etc. It can be used as one of the treatment options for CAP. However， due to limited clinical research data and the short clinical application time of the drug， more clinical studies are still needed to verify its efficacy as a monotherapy or in combination with other antibiotics for severe pneumonia patients.

Objective:To identify the core genes related to the disease severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in children using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), aiming to provide reference for predicting the condition of RSV infection.Methods:Twenty-two patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University with RSV bronchiolitis from October 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 were enrolled as the case group. They were divided into three groups based on the severity of the disease: mild group, moderate group and severe group. Twenty-two healthy children were selected as the control group. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood leukocytes and analyzed by RNA-seq to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between children with RSV bronchiolitis and healthy children. The gene co-expression modules related to disease severity and biological indicators for disease severity assessment were identified.Results:The median age of the 22 patients (19 males and 3 females) was 3 months. The median age of the 22 healthy children (14 males and 8 females) was 4 months. There was no significant difference in age or gender between the two groups. There were 8 cases in the mild group, 7 cases in the moderate group and 7 cases in the severe group. Through significance analysis, 416 DEGs were found in the mild group, 586 in the moderate group and 846 in the severe group. According to WGCNA analysis, 10 co-expression modules were found, among which brown module ( r=0.62, P<0.001) was significantly correlated with disease severity. The protein-protein interaction network of DEGs in brown module was constructed and the top 30 core genes were selected according to the connectivity of gene nodes, among which the genes with high correlation were RBX1 and PSMA7. The expression of RBX1 and PSMA7 genes was up-regulated in the severe group, but their expression in the mild and moderate groups was not significantly different from that in the control group. Conclusions:RBX1 and PSMA7 genes might be biological predictors of disease severity in RSV bronchiolitis.

Objective:To investigate the changes in the nerve fiber layer of the cornea in patients with demyelinating optic neuritis (DON) and its correlation with visual acuity.Methods:A cross-sectional study. From March 2021 to July 2022, 27 cases (39 eyes) of DON patients diagnosed in the Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology of Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were enrolled in this study. According to the serological test results, the patients were divided into aquaporin 4 antibody associated optic neuritis (AQP4-ON group) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated optic neuritis (MOG-ON group), with 15 cases (19 eyes) and 12 cases (20 eyes) respectively. According to previous history of glucocorticoid treatment, the patients were divided into glucocorticoid treated group and non-glucocorticoid treated group, with 17 cases (27 eyes) and 10 cases (12 eyes) respectively. Twenty healthy volunteers (20 eyes) with age- and gender-matched were selected as the control group. All eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) examinations. BCVA was performed using Snellen's standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which was converted into logarithmic minimum angle resolution (logMAR) visual acuity during statistics. The corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve fiber branch length (CNBL), corneal nerve fiber branch density (CNBD) and the density of corneal dendritic cells (DC) were detected by IVCM examination. Parameter comparison between groups by t-test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. The correlation between logMAR BCVA and pamameters of corneal nerve fibers were analyzed using Spearman analysis. Results:The CNFL, CNFD, and CNBL of the DON group and the control group were (10.67±2.55) mm/mm 2, (57.78±12.35) root/mm 2, (3.27±1.34) mm/mm 2, and (13.74±3.05) mm/mm 2, (70.95±13.14) root/mm 2, and (4.22±1.03) mm/mm 2, respectively; the difference in CNFL, CNFD, and CNBL between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=4.089, 3.795, 2.773; P<0.05). The CNFL, CNBL, and CNBD of the affected eyes in the MOG-ON group and AQP4-ON group were (12.02±2.13) mm/mm 2, (3.80±1.19) mm/mm 2, (47.97±8.86) fibers/mm 2, and (9.25±2.19) mm/mm 2, (2.72±1.19) mm/mm 2, (39.43±13.86) fibers/mm 2, respectively; the differences in CNFL, CNBL, and CNBD between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=-4.002, -2.706, -2.306; P<0.05). The corneal DC density of the patients in the hormone treated group and the non-hormone treated group was (24.43±8.32) and (41.22±9.86) cells/mm 2, respectively. The difference in corneal DC density between the two subgroups was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between logMAR BCVA and CNBL and CNFL in patients with DON ( r=-0.422, -0.456; P<0.05). Conclusions:There are different degrees of corneal nerve fiber damage in patients with different types of DON. There was a negative correlation between BCVA and the length of corneal nerve fibers.