Objective:To explore the application effect of root cause analysis (RCA) in the safety management of electrosurgical instruments and equipment.Methods:The safety management of electrosurgical instruments in Sterilization Supply Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2018 to March 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. The research objects included 12 medical staff and 175 surgical patients. Using the before-and-after comparison method, the 89 surgical patients before the implementation of RCA from February 2018 to February 2019 were used as the before improvement, and the 86 surgical patients after the implementation of RCA from March 2019 to March 2020 were used as the after improvement. The RCA score, nursing staff's cognition of surgical equipment, the incidence of equipment-related adverse events and infection rates were compared before and after the implementation of RCA.Results:After the improvement, the RCA scores of 12 medical staff were lower than those before the improvement, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . The cognitive scores of medical staff on surgical instrument were higher than before, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . The incidence of device-related adverse events and infection rates in patients after improvement were lower than those before improvement, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The use of RCA in the safety management of electrosurgical instruments and equipment is conducive to improving nursing staff's cognition of surgical instruments and equipment and reducing the incidence of adverse events of surgical instruments.