Abstract: To establish a sleep deprivation model using zebrafish, and to provide more reliable practical modeling schemes for basic research on insomnia. Methods: A total of 160 male 4-month-old wild type AB zebrafish were randomly divided into control group(CK) and sleep deprivation group(SD1-SD7). The control group was placed in a normal 14 h/10 h alternating light/dark environment, and the sleep deprived group was subjected to different days of continuous light with simulated sunlight to achieve the effect of sleep deprivation. After modeling, the changes of movement form, learning and memory ability, biological clock gene expression and brain ultrastructure of zebrafish in each group were compared. Results: The results of movement form showed that compared with CK group, the resting time of zebrafish in SD1, SD2 and SD3 groups increased(P<0.05), and the movement time and movement count of zebrafish in SD3 group decreased(P<0.05). The results of learning and memory ability showed that zebrafish in CK group had better learning and memory ability than SD1, SD2 and SD3 groups(P<0.05,0.01), and zebrafish in SD1 group had better learning and memory ability than SD2 and SD3(allP<0.01), and zebrafish in SD2 group had better learning and memory ability than SD3(P<0.01). qRT-PCR results showed that compared with CK group, the mRNA expressions of Per1 a, Per2, Bmal1 and Cry1 b in the brain of zebrafish in SD3 group were significantly different(P<0.05). The results of electron microscopy showed that the neurons of zebrafish brain in SD2 and SD3 groups showed neuronal necrosis. Under the microscope, there were nuclear collapse, boundary cracking and even dissolution, chromatin shrinkage, mitochondrial swelling and even a large number of vacuoles. Conclusion Light exposure for 3 days can change the movement pattern of zebrafish, reduce its learning and memory ability, change the expression of clock genes related to sleep maintenance, and induce the apoptosis of brain neurons, which can be used to establish the model of zebrafish insomnia.

Objective:To determine the incidence of adrenal incidentalomas(AIs) in patients with diabetes mellitus and the metabolism profiles.Methods:A total of 615 hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Peking University People′s Hospital from March 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively included in this study. AIs were screened by unenhanced chest computed tomography(CT) retrospectively and subsequently confirmed by multiplanar reconstruction. Participants′ physical indicators, metabolic profiles, and adrenal function parameters were collected. Unpaired t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-Square test were adopted to compare the metabolism profiles between diabetes mellitus patients with or without AIs. Regression models were used to estimate the correlations between AIs and the metabolism profiles such as blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, and the adrenal function parameters.Results:Twenty-seven out of 615 participants were detected with AIs(4.4%). Patients with AIs had higher body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference than patients without AIs [(29.4±5.1)kg/m 2vs(26.8±3.8)kg/m 2,P=0.018; (102.3±11.7)cm vs(95.8±10.3)cm, P=0.002; (107.3±10.1)cm vs(101.4±7.6)cm, P=0.008]. The levels of serum uric acid and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio were also significantly increased in patients with AIs [(409.6±118.1)μmol/L vs(357.4±100.6)μmol/L, P=0.009; 21.25(7.49, 180.24)mg/g vs 8.60(4.71, 34.56)mg/g, P=0.010]. Besides, individuals with AIs were also associated with a higher risk of co-existing hypertension( P=0.045). Conclusion:The incidence of AIs in patients with diabetes is 4.4%. The presence of AIs in patients with diabetes may associated with increased risk of obesity and hypertension.