We report a case of dislodged Levornogestrel-intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena®) without evidence of uterine perforation. A 37-year-old Para 4+1presented with 3 months history of lower abdominal pain. Examination and imaging showed that the device was not present in the uterine cavity. She underwent laparoscopic retrieval of Mirena®. There was no evidence of uterine perforation intra-operatively. This case illustrated the rare possibility of dislodged Mirena®intra-abdominally without evidence of uterine perforation. The management for missing IUS was reviewed.
Levonorgestrel

No abstract available.
Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Levonorgestrel

OBJECTIVE: Levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has been shown to treat patients with non-atypical & atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EH) successfully in many western studies. Our purpose was to examine the effectiveness of LNG-IUS in the treatment of Korean women with EH. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study of 12 women diagnosed with EH and treated with LNG-IUS insertion between February 2007 and August 2009 at the Department of Gynecology of Gangnam CHA Hospital, CHA University School of Medicine. Baseline endometrial biopsies were done before insertion of LNG-IUS, and outpatient follow-up endometrial biopsies were undertaken at 3-month intervals after insertion of LNG-IUS. We investigated the regression rate and the time to regression. RESULTS: Four patients had simple hyperplasia without atypia, 7 patients complex hyperplasia without atypia, and just 1 patient complex atypical hyperplasia. Complete regression of EH was achieved in all cases (100%, 12/12), with the significant proportion (66%, 8/12) achieving it within 3 months. The mean duration to regression was 4.5 months. All cases had regression within 9 months. In the case of complex atypical hyperplasia, the regression was attained at the 9th month after insertion of LNG-IUS. The mean follow-up duration was 12 months (range, 3 to 27 months). As long as LNG-IUS was maintained, the EH did not recur. CONCLUSION: LNG-IUS appears to be as highly effective in treating Korean women with EH.
Biopsy ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Levonorgestrel ; Outpatients ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated changes in mammographic density (MMGD) after hormone therapy (HT) using levonorgestrel (LNG) in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 58 healthy postmenopausal women with no history of prior HT were included. Twenty-three women were given a cyclic regimen of estradiol valerate (E) 2 mg/day + LNG 0.075 mg/day and 25 untreated women served as a negative control and 10 women treated with continuous combined regimen of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg/day + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2.5 mg/day as a positive control. Mammography was obtained at baseline and 1 year later, and MMGD was assessed. In addition, the change in the proportion of the dense area after HT was assessed using the J-image program. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among three groups. After 1 year of HT, increase of BI-RADS grade in CEE + MPA group (7/9, 77.8%) was higher than in E + LNG group (2/16, 12.5%; P = 0.001). But there was no difference between untreated group (1/19, 5.3%) and E + LNG group (2/16, 12.5%; P = 0.446). In subgroup analysis of women with BI-RADS grade 3 at baseline, no significant difference. Changes in the proportion of dense areas assessed by the J-image program showed similar results. Regression analysis revealed that there was no correlation between baseline dense area and changes after HT in E + LNG group. CONCLUSION: HT using LNG did not influence MMGD in Korean postmenopausal women. Further study on breast cancer risk may be needed.
Breast Neoplasms ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mammography ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated changes in mammographic density (MMGD) after hormone therapy (HT) using levonorgestrel (LNG) in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 58 healthy postmenopausal women with no history of prior HT were included. Twenty-three women were given a cyclic regimen of estradiol valerate (E) 2 mg/day + LNG 0.075 mg/day and 25 untreated women served as a negative control and 10 women treated with continuous combined regimen of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg/day + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2.5 mg/day as a positive control. Mammography was obtained at baseline and 1 year later, and MMGD was assessed. In addition, the change in the proportion of the dense area after HT was assessed using the J-image program. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among three groups. After 1 year of HT, increase of BI-RADS grade in CEE + MPA group (7/9, 77.8%) was higher than in E + LNG group (2/16, 12.5%; P = 0.001). But there was no difference between untreated group (1/19, 5.3%) and E + LNG group (2/16, 12.5%; P = 0.446). In subgroup analysis of women with BI-RADS grade 3 at baseline, no significant difference. Changes in the proportion of dense areas assessed by the J-image program showed similar results. Regression analysis revealed that there was no correlation between baseline dense area and changes after HT in E + LNG group. CONCLUSION: HT using LNG did not influence MMGD in Korean postmenopausal women. Further study on breast cancer risk may be needed.
Breast Neoplasms ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mammography ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of Bushen Huoxue Sanyu Decoction (BHSD) in treatment of adenomyosis (AM) patients.

METHODSSeventy AM patients of Shen deficiency blood stasis syndrome (SDBSS) were randomly assigned to two groups, the CM treatment group (50 cases) and the Mirena group (20 cases). Patients in the CM treatment group were treated with BHSD, one dose per day. Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena) was placed in the uterine cavity of those in the Mirena group. The therapeutic course for all was 3 months. Changes of dysmenorrhea, menstrual quantity, SDBSS, CM syndrome, uterine volume, and serum CA125 levels were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment in the same group, scores for dysmenorrhea integral, scores for menstrual quantity, scores for SDBSS, and scores for CM syndrome all decreased in the two groups after treatment (P < 0.01). Compared with before treatment in the same group, the uterine volume was reduced after treatment in the two groups (P < 0.05) and serum carbohydrate antigen CA125 levels decreased between the two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the Mirena group, scores for dysmenorrhea integral increased and scores for SDBSS decreased in the CM treatment group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the uterine volume or serum carbohydrate antigen CA125 levels (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBHSD could effectively alleviate main symptoms of AM patients of QSBSS such as dysmenorrhea, profuse menstrual blood volume, and increased uterine volume, and lower scores for QSBSS and the total score for CM syndrome.

Adenomyosis ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Dysmenorrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine system (LNG-IUS) treatment in patients affected by atypical complex hyperplasia/endometrial cancer (ACH/EC) wishing to preserve their fertility and to present fertility outcomes of those patients who actively tried to conceive. METHODS: Data of consecutive women with ACH/EC who underwent fertility-sparing treatment using LNG-IUS were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Overall, 48 patients and the mean (±standard deviation) length of follow-up was 82.6±47.2 months. Among patients with ACH, 25/28 (89.3%) had a complete response (CR), 2/28 (7.1%) had a partial response (PR) and 1/28 (3.6%) had a progressive disease (PD). Mean (±standard deviation) time to CR was 6.7±4.0 months. Among patients with G1 EC, 13/16 (81.3%) had a CR, 1/16 (6.3%) had a PR and 2/16 (12.5%) had a PD. Mean (±standard deviation) time to CR was 5.0±2.9 months. Among patients with G2 EC, 3/4 (75.0%) had a CR and 1/4 (25.0%) had a PD. Mean (±standard deviation) time to CR was 4.0±0 months. Only 19 (39.6%) patients who had CR actually attempted to conceive. Eleven (57.9%) women tried to conceive naturally while 8 (42.1%) women underwent an in vitro fertilization (IVF). Fourteen (73.7%) patients wishing to conceive achieved a pregnancy (6 spontaneously and 8 through IVF). CONCLUSIONS: Fertility-sparing treatment of patient with ACH/EC with LNG-IUS achieves high regression rates and good fertility outcomes. Future larger multi-institutional studies should be designed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Levonorgestrel ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena(R)) on the mammographic density, mammographic findings and breast ultrasonographic findings in Korean premenopausal women. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 639 premenopausal women, who inserted LNG-IUS in our department from 2000-2011. Among these, 46 women, who underwent regular mammography (MMG) or breast ultrasonography (USG) examination in radiology department before and after insertion of the LNG-IUS after establishment of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) system in our hospital were finally included in this analysis. We compared the findings of MMG and breast USG between pre- and post-insertion of LNG-IUS. We also checked the pathologic results of any breast biopsy performed in these study participants. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to investigate the changes pre- and post-insertion of LNG-IUS. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 42.3 +/- 4.9 years and the mean interval period for MMG and US follow-up (FU) was 25.5 +/- 10.8 months and 25.2 +/- 11.5 months, respectively. The density of MMG before insertion of LNG-IUS correlated well with the FU MMG density. The findings of MMG and US also correlated well before and after insertion of LNG-IUS. There was no case of breast cancer among women who were supposed to undergo breast biopsy because of abnormal findings in MMG and US. CONCLUSION: The use of LNG-IUS did not cause any changes in MMG density, findings of MMG, and findings of breast USG in healthy premenopausal Korean women.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mammography ; Medical Records ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify variables associated with treatment failure in women with menorrhagia who were treated with thermal balloon ablation (TBA) or levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), and to determine if there are subgroups where one treatment type is more effective than the other. METHODS: The study included 106 women with menorrhagia who were treated with TBA or LNG-IUS at the study institute between January 2003 and December 2007, with a follow-up period greater than 12 months. Data were collected by retrospective review of medical records. Treatment failure was defined as persistent or recurrent menorrhagia within one year after treatment or hysterectomy at any time during follow-up. The relationships between variables and treatment outcome were analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The treatment outcome of TBA was compared with LNG-IUS. RESULTS: Sixty-seven women were treated with TBA and 39 women were managed with LNG-IUS. Fifty-two women had a myoma > or =2.5 cm. Treatment failure was observed in 24 women (2 recurrent or persistent menorrhagia and 22 hysterectomies) and myoma size (> or =2.5 cm vs. <2.5 cm) was associated with treatment outcome. TBA and LNG-IUS showed similar treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION: A large myoma is a risk factor for treatment failure in women with menorrhagia treated with TBA or LNG-IUS.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Levonorgestrel ; Medical Records ; Menorrhagia ; Myoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Failure ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of second generation endometrial ablation (NovaSure) combined with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) in the treatment of adenomyosis. METHODS: Clinical data of patients with adenomyosis admitted in Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Among 66 patients, 44 received Mirena placement only (control group) and 22 received Mirena placement and NovaSure treatment (study group). The menstruation blood loss, dysmenorrhea score, uterine size, expulsion rate of Mirena and the patients' satisfaction rate were assessed in two groups. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in menstruation blood loss (<0.05) and significant improvement in dysmenorrhea (<0.05) after the treatment in both groups. The patients in study group had more marked improvement in menstruation blood loss than those in control group (<0.05). The patients' satisfaction was higher and the expulsion rate of Mirena was lower in study group than that in control group (all <0.05). The score of dysmenorrhea and the size of uterine had no significant difference between two groups (all >0.05). CONCLUSIONS NovaSure can improve the efficacy of Mirena in treatment of adenomyosis.
Adenomyosis ; therapy ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometrial Ablation Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel ; administration & dosage ; Organ Size ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterus ; anatomy & histology