No abstract available.
Granuloma, Foreign-Body* ; Leuprolide*

No abstract available.
Leuprolide* ; Pityriasis Rosea* ; Pityriasis*

No abstract available.
Endometriosis ; Female ; Leuprolide* ; Pityriasis Rosea*

Recently LHRH analog has been interested in the endocrine management of metastatic prostatic. cancer. But the effect of LHRH analog therapy on the prostate has not been previously documented definitely. And the initial flare phenomenon may be developed after initiation of LHRH analog therapy, but the definite method to block this phenomenon has not been introduced. To assess the effect of LHRH analog administration on the prostate, The author observed the weight and histopathologic changes of rat prostate during the administration of a potent LHRH analog (leuprolide acetate) for 6 weeks. And the author intended to present a possible method to block the initial flare phenomenon by observation of the weight and histopathologic changes of rat prostate after local testicular irradiation with a minimal dose(500 rad) producing Leydig cell dysfunction. The following results were obtained: 1. The prostate weight in control group was progressively increased during experimental periods At 0 day, 3 weeks and 6 weeks of experimental period, the prostate weights were 0.44gm, 0 58gm and 0.64gm respectively. 2. The prostate weight in leuprolide treated group was significantly decreased at 3 weeks(0.40+/-0.02gm) and 6 weeks (0.30+/-0.04gm) of administration in contrast to the age-matched control group (p<0.05). 3. The prostate weight in testicular irradiation group was significantly decreased at 3 weeks(0.44+/-0.04gm) and 6 weeks(0.42+/-0.02gm) after irradiation in contrast to the age-matched control group(p<0.05). But its change was less prominent than leuprolide treated group. 4. The pathologic change of prostate after leuprolide administration was the vacuolization of acinar cells. The vacuolization was noticed at 2 weeks of administration and pro gressively increased to the 6 weeks. 5. The pathologic change of prostate after testicular irradiation was the progressively increased vacuolization of acinar cells during experimental periods, but its change was less significant than leuprolide treated group. These results suggest that LHRH analog develops the progressive vacuolization of acinar cells, causing the regression of acinar cells and prostatic atrophy as well as the possible inhibition of normal prostatic growth and that local testicular irradiation prior to LHRH analog therapy may be a possible method to block the initial flare phenomenon.
Acinar Cells ; Animals ; Atrophy ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Leuprolide ; Prostate* ; Rats* ; Testis ; Weights and Measures

This study investigated the effect of leuprolide acetate treatment on sex offenders' sexual fantasies and behaviors, as well as on their criminogenic psychological character and the risk of second conviction. The study participants consisted of 22 sex offenders who were confined to the National Institute of Forensic Psychiatry. Among them, 9 patients were given off-label leuprolide acetate for three months to inhibit sexual impulses, whereas the others were not given any medication. All sex offenders underwent two psychological evaluations; the first evaluation was conducted before starting medication, and the second was conducted after medication. Wilson's Sex Fantasy Questionnaire (WSFQ), the Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (RMAS), and the Endorsement of Violence Scale (EVS) were used for evaluation. Leuprolide acetate-treated sex offenders showed a statistically significant decline in the total WSFQ score (p < 0.05). However, the RMAS and EVS scores did not differ after leuprolide acetate treatment, indicating that cognitive distortions like rape myth acceptance and endorsement of violence were unchanged after leuprolide medication. Leuprolide acetate may reduce deviant sexual impulses and fantasies, as suggested by previous research form Korea and other countries. However, it probably cannot alter cognitive distortion. On the basis of these findings, we recommend a combination of leuprolide medication and other therapies, like cognitive behavioral therapy, for the treatment of paraphilic sex offenders.
Cognitive Therapy ; Criminals ; Fantasy ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Humans ; Korea ; Leuprolide ; Paraphilic Disorders ; Rape ; Violence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: There has been considerable disagreement regarding the most appropriate dosage of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in cases of central precocious puberty. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate dosage for suppression of the puberty in girls with central precocious or early puberty. METHODS: Twenty-two girls with early puberty were randomly subjected to 3 types of dosages of leuprolide acetate for at least 6 months. The number of cases in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 7, 7, and 8, and dosages were 70, 90, and 110 microgram/ kg/-month, respectively. Height, weight, bone age, Tanner stage of breast development, and serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone were measured before treatment and after 6 months of treatment. The number of cases of puberty suppression was compared using a modified puberty suppression score with a nonparametric chi-square test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of chronologic and bone ages among the groups. There was a significant decrease in height SDS gain after 6 months in group 3 (P<0.05) compared with groups 1 and 2. Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone were all significantly decreased after treatment in all 3 groups (P<0.05). The number of cases of puberty suppression in each group were 4 (57%), 5 (71%), and 8 (100%). There was a significantly increased proportion of suppression of puberty in group 3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It was necessary to use a higher dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to suppress early puberty in girls; however further longitudinal study will be needed for their prognosis of final adult height.
Adult ; Breast ; Estradiol ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Leuprolide ; Longitudinal Studies ; Progesterone ; Prognosis ; Puberty ; Puberty, Precocious

Long-acting formulations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are indicated for treating central precocious puberty. Leuprolide acetate and triptorelin acetate are widely used in Korea. Local reactions related to GnRH agonists, including erythematous macules, granulomas, subcutaneous nodules, and sterile abscesses, are the most side effects and sterile abscesses occur in less than 2-3% of treated patients. We report on two patients who had been injected with leuprolide acetate for the treatment of central precocious puberty and who subsequently presented with a sterile abscess at the injection sites. After the patients were switched to triptorelin acetate, one patient had another subcutaneous abscess at the injection site, and the other patient had no further problems. There are many theories as to the cause of these local reactions, but the mechanism has still not been elucidated. Further studies are required to identify the mechanism and the relationship between treatment effect and local reaction.
Abscess ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Korea ; Leuprolide ; Puberty, Precocious ; Triptorelin Pamoate

Long-acting formulations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are indicated for treating central precocious puberty. Leuprolide acetate and triptorelin acetate are widely used in Korea. Local reactions related to GnRH agonists, including erythematous macules, granulomas, subcutaneous nodules, and sterile abscesses, are the most side effects and sterile abscesses occur in less than 2-3% of treated patients. We report on two patients who had been injected with leuprolide acetate for the treatment of central precocious puberty and who subsequently presented with a sterile abscess at the injection sites. After the patients were switched to triptorelin acetate, one patient had another subcutaneous abscess at the injection site, and the other patient had no further problems. There are many theories as to the cause of these local reactions, but the mechanism has still not been elucidated. Further studies are required to identify the mechanism and the relationship between treatment effect and local reaction.
Abscess ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Korea ; Leuprolide ; Puberty, Precocious ; Triptorelin Pamoate

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of raloxifene in preventing bone loss associated with long term gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) administration. METHODS: Twenty-two premenopausal women with severe endometriosis were treated with leuprolide acetate depot at a dosage of 3.75 mg/4 weeks, for 48 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated at admission, and after 12 treatment cycles. RESULTS: At cycle 12 of GnRH-a plus raloxifene treatment, lumbar spine, trochanter femoral neck, and Ward's BMD differed from before the treatment. A year after treatment, the lumbar spine and trochanter decreased slightly, but were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the administration of GnRH-a plus raloxifene in pre-menopausal women with severe endometriosis, is an effective long-term treatment to prevent bone loss.
Bone Density* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans ; Leuprolide ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride* ; Spine

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy, safety and psychological aspect of monthly administrations of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa), leuprolide acetate depot (Luphere depot 3.75 mg), in patients with precocious puberty. METHODS: A total of 54 girls with central precocious puberty were administered with leuprolide acetate (Luphere depot 3.75 mg) every four weeks over 24 weeks. We evaluated the percentage of children exhibiting a suppressed luteinizing hormone (LH) response to GnRH (LH peak< or =3 IU/L), peak LH/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio of GnRH stimulation test less than 1, change in bone age/chronologic age ratio, change in the Tanner stage and change in eating habit and psychological aspect. RESULTS: (1) The percentage of children exhibiting a suppressed LH response to GnRH, defined as an LH peak< or =3 IU/L at 24 weeks was 96.3 % (52/54). (2) The percentage of children exhibiting peak LH/FSH ratio<1 at 24 weeks of the study was 94.4 % (51/54). (3) The ratio of bone age and chronological age significantly declined from 1.27+/-0.07 to 1.24+/-0.01 after the 6 months of the study. (4) The mean Tanner stage manifested a significant change 2.3+/-0.48 at baseline, down to 1.70+/-0.61 at 24 weeks. (5) Based on the questionnaires, the score for eating habits showed a significant change from the baseline 34.0+/-6.8 to 31.3+/-6.8. (6) The psychological assessment did not exhibit a significant difference except with scores for sociability, problem behavior total score and other problems. CONCLUSION: The leuprolide 3.75 mg (Luphere depot) is useful and safety for treating children with central precocious puberty.
Child ; Eating ; Female* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Leuprolide* ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Puberty, Precocious* ; Treatment Outcome ; Surveys and Questionnaires