Duplication is the most common type of congenital anomaly of the ureter. It occurs more frequently in females and it is often accompanied by an ectopic orifice. Ectopic ureter is usually derived from the upper pole of the ipsilateral kidney and its orifice is attached medial & inferior from the normal opening according to Weigert-Meyer's law. Thus, sometimes the ectopic ureteral opening is made at a distal part of the external sphincter or even out of the urinary system. These conditions may result in urinary incontinence in female patients, so they can be treated early at the mean age of 5 and it's not common that ectopic ureter accompanying complete duplication of the ureter is presented in adults. We report here on a case of ectopic ureter accompanying complete duplication of the ureter in a 44 year old female who presented with leukorrhea.
Adult ; Female* ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Kidney ; Leukorrhea ; Middle Aged* ; Ureter* ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urogenital Abnormalities ; Vaginal Discharge*

Sensitization to Cenasert®, a broad spectrum antimicrobial for the treatment of leukorrhea, is rare. Perineal contact dermatitis due to vaginal suppositories has never been reported in the medical literature. We report a 31-year-old woman, who developed perineal skin eruptions following the treatment of leukorrhea with Cenasert® vaginal suppositories. Patch tests showed positive reactions to Cenasert® suppositories and to the three active ingredients of Cenasert®. Vaginal suppositories can sensitize not only the vagina but also the surrounding perineum due to leakage of the allergen from the vaginal vault.
Adult ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Female ; Humans ; Leukorrhea ; Patch Tests ; Perineum ; Skin ; Suppositories* ; Vagina

Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix(Stage Ia) is the earliest stage of squamous carcinoma. The transition from preinvasive to invasive disease is a crucial juncture in the development of cervical cancer. The clinical experience that microinvasive lesions carry a better prognosis justifies a separate diagnostic category. To investigate the clinical and pathological aspects of microinvasive cervical carcinoma, a retrospective study was made on 84 cases, histologically reconfirmed surgical specimens, which had been treated during the period from January, 1985 to December, 1996 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung-pook National University Hospital. We defined microinvasive carcinoma as stromal invasion not exceeding a depth of Smm from the base of the epithelium presented by FIGO in 1985. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Mean age of 84 patients was 46.9 year old, all were parous women but not 1 patients. 60 cases(71.4%) belonged to stage Ial and 24 cases(28,6%) to stage Ia2. 2. Chief complaints were postcoital spotting and leukorrhea. 3, The corresponding rate of Pap. smear to histologic diagnosis was approximately 29.8%. However correponding rate within one histologic grade was about 33,3%. 4. According to the colposcopic examination, 26.4% of cases revealed suspected abnormal findings suggesting invasive lesion. 5. As to the reports of punch biopsy, 55.1% of cases showed microinvasive and/or invasive lesion. With additional diagnostic conization of cervix, the preoperative diagnosis were correct in 72%. 6. Operation performed were simple hysterectomy, extrafascial hysterectomy or modified radical hysterectomy with both pelvic LN dissection, Simple hysterectomy was most commonly performed. 7. Post-treatment complications were developed in 73.9% of patients who were done with modified radical hysterectomy with both pelvic LN dissection and bladder dysfunction was developed in 50% of the patients.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; Conization ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leukorrhea ; Metrorrhagia ; Obstetrics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical experiences of patients with the primary tubal cancer diagnosed and treated in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gacheon Medical School from January 1996 to December 2000. METHODS: Age, symptoms, Pap smear, CA-125, preoperative diagnosis, mode of surgery, stage, additional pathologic finding, mode of adjuvant therapy and survival periods of patients were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 57.4 years. The symptoms were vaginal spotting, leukorrhea and pelvic mass. Three patients were treated by simple hysterectomy and both salpingoophorectomy. Staging laparotomy was done in 4 patients. Three patients were in stage I, 2 patients were in stage II and 2 patients were in stage III. Endometrial adenocarcinoma was present in 1 patient and endometrial hyperplasia was present in 1 patient. The mean follow-up period of five patients were 25.4 months and 2 patients were lost for follow-up. Conclusions: The primary tubal cancer was rare gynecologic malignancy and the preoperative diagnosis was difficult due to non-specific symptoms and signs. Staging laparotomy and adjuvant chemotherapy should be done like in ovarian cancer. More studies may be needed for the associated endometiral diseases.
Adenocarcinoma ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Diagnosis ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparotomy ; Leukorrhea ; Metrorrhagia ; Obstetrics ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Schools, Medical

PURPOSE: Early detection and appropriate treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are important to prevent adverse sequelae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis of PID in an emergency department (ED). METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of patients with acute low abdominal pain who were checked by abdominal CT in the ED at a tertiary hospital between June 2009 and December 2009. Inclusion criteria were PID on CT or non specific findings on CT and a consultation to the gynecology department. Exclusion criteria were age less than 15 years, age greater than 60 years, definite other causes for the acute low abdominal pain seen on CT, intact virginity, and transfer to another hospital. We compared clinical characteristics and laboratory findings between group A (clinically diagnosed PID patients) and group B (non-PID patients). We calculated sensitivity and specificity of CT findings to predict clinical diagnosis of PID. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients were enrolled in this study. Median age was 31 years (24-39). Group A consisted of 51 patients; group B of 17 patients. Cervical motion tenderness (p=0.001) and WBC count (p=0.013) were significantly different between the two groups. The accuracy of PID findings on CT for predicting the clinical diagnosis of PID was 85.29%. The sensitivity and specificity were 92.16% and 64.71%, respectively. Leukorrhea had a sensitivity of 76.47% and a specificity of 47.06%. Cervical motion tenderness had a sensitivity of 87.18% and a specificity of 75%. CONCLUSION: Abdominal CT performed in the ED is a useful method for the clinical diagnosis of PID.
Abdominal Pain ; Emergencies ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Leukorrhea ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sexual Abstinence ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a research into the current method of contraception used by Korean women (1,130 were surveyed) in order to understand about any problems they may be experiencing and their levels of satisfaction. Our objective is to be able to suggest appropriate methods of contraception which are desired by Korean women. METHOD: We gave questionnaire to reproductive age women who visited Soonchunhyang University Hospital in Seoul from January 2000 to October 2001. Items of the survey contained general characteristics such as, the method of contraception, side effect (if any), and level of satisfaction. RESULTS: The mean age was 35.1+/-5.9 years and the most common occupation was that of housewife (68%), the mean parity was 1.7+/-1.1, and the mean abortion was 0.8+/-1.5. The mean contraception period was 4.6+/-4.9 years, of the methods used, condoms were the most common (29.0%), followed by intrauterine device (21.1%), tubal sterilization (13.5%), oral contraceptive (12.2%), periodic abstinence (9.3%), vasectomy (7.9%), coitus interruptus (6.4%) and others (12.4%). Among women above 41 years of age, sterilization was the most common method. Condom and oral contraceptives were the most common methods among women under the 40 years of age. The side effects, menorrhagia and leukorrhea were the most common among the women who had used the method of contraception with inrauterine divice. Tubal sterilization and vasectomy gave the most satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The most common used contraceptive method among Korean reproductive age women was the condom. We found that the form of contraception has been changing from permanent method to a temporary one. Therefore the education for women in the use of condom, oral contraceptives, and intrauterine device should be completed as soon as possible.
Coitus Interruptus ; Condoms ; Contraception ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Leukorrhea ; Menorrhagia ; Natural Family Planning Methods ; Occupations ; Parity ; Surveys and Questionnaire ; Seoul ; Sterilization ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Vasectomy

With rapid social development rhythm, the incidence of gynecological diseases gradually rise. Traditional Chinese medicine has made irreplaceable position in the treatment of gynecological disease. Due to the characteristics of gynecological diseases, the syndrome differentiation and treatment has unique characteristics. In this paper, according to menstrual disease, leukorrheal diseases, pregnancy diseases, puerperal diseases and miscellaneous diseases in order, combining documents discussion and old doctors of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of gynecological disease experiences, illustrate the key points of drug selection in the treatment process. We can get a revelation that appropriate choice of tradition Chinese medicine is an indispensable part for healing effects. Through the analysis of characteristics of drugs, we can understand the feature of each period in disease of department of gynecology, increase the ability of usinig traditional Chinese medicine and improve the level of clinical treatment.
Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Leukorrhea ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Menstruation Disturbances ; drug therapy ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; drug therapy ; Puerperal Disorders ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Primary vaginal cancer combined with uterine prolapse is very rare. We present a case of 80-year-old postmenopausal women complaints of something coming out per vagina for the past 20 years, along with blood stained discharge, foul odor leukorrhea, and severe pelvic pain for the last 3 months. A 4 x 5 cm ulcer was present on middle third of vaginal wall with marked edema and ulceration of surrounding tissue. The prolapse was reduced under intravenous sedation in operating room. On gynecologic examination, uterus was normal in size, no adnexal mass was examined, and both parametrium were thickened. Papanicolaou smear was normal. Biopsy of the ulcer at vaginal wall revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma of vagina. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of abdomen and pelvis showed left hydronephrosis and liver metastasis. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) revealed metastasis to lung, liver and iliac bone. She died from progression of disease one month after diagnosis.
Abdomen ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Blood Stains ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Leukorrhea ; Liver ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Odors ; Operating Rooms ; Papanicolaou Test ; Pelvic Pain ; Pelvis ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Postmenopause ; Prolapse ; Ulcer ; Uterine Prolapse* ; Uterus ; Vagina ; Vaginal Neoplasms*