1.A case of biopsy proven acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis.
Hasnur Zaman HASHIM ; Norlinah Mohamed IBRAHIM ; Nafisah WANYAHYA ; Hui Jan TAN ; Khairul Anuar ZAINUN ; Siti Aishah Mohd ALI ; Ahmad Sobri MUDA ; Shahizon Azura Mohamed MUKARI ; Izwan Zannie ZAINIESSOR
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2011;40(4):197-200
2.Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Korean Infants and Children: Imaging Findings and Diverse Clinical Outcome.
Ji Hye KIM ; In One KIM ; Myung Kwan LIM ; Man Soo PARK ; Choong Gon CHOI ; Hye Won KIM ; Jee Eun KIM ; Soo Jin CHOI ; Young Hwan KOH ; Dal Mo YANG ; Sung Wook CHOO ; Myung Jin CHUNG ; Hye Kyung YOON ; Hyun Woo GOO ; Munhyang LEE
Korean Journal of Radiology 2004;5(3):171-177
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to describe acute necrotizing encephalopathy in Korean infants and children, and we sought to evaluate the prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy was diagnosed in 14 Korean infants and children. We retrospectively analyzed the neuroimaging findings including the follow-up changes. The clinical course of the disease was graded, and we evaluated prognostic factors including age, serum level of the aminotransferase, hemorrhage, and localized atrophy of the brain. RESULTS: This encephalopathy predominantly affected the bilateral thalami (n=14), pons (n=12), and midbrain (n=10) in a symmetrical pattern. Hemorrhage was observed in eight patients (57%). On the follow-up images (n=12), the brain lesions were reduced in extent for all patients, and generalized atrophy was seen in six patients. Localized tissue loss was observed in five patients and a complete resolution occurred for one patient. All the patients survived and two recovered completely; mild (n=6) to severe (n=6) neurological deficits persisted in the remaining 12 patients. The significant prognostic factors identified in this study were the presence of hemorrhage (p = 0.009) and localized atrophy (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in Korean patients showed the characteristic patterns of the post-infectious encephalopathy as described in the literature. The high survival rate and the relatively favorable clinical course observed for the present study suggest a more diverse spectrum of disease severity than was previously described. The presence of hemorrhage and localized tissue loss on MR images may suggest a poor prognosis.
Brain/pathology
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Child
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Child, Preschool
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Female
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Humans
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Infant
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Korea
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Leukoencephalitis, Acute Hemorrhagic/complications/*pathology
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*Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Male
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Prognosis
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Retrospective Studies