Leukemoid reactions often are seen in patients with underlying malignancies, but they have been reported infrequently in patients with urologic malignancies. We report leukemoid reaction in a patient with renal cell carcinoma. The hematological abnormality had not resolved with definite surgical and hormonal therapies for the underlying renal cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Leukemoid Reaction*

Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is highly prevalent in patients with broad spectrum antibiotic therapy. It can result in significant morbidity and mortality, especially if it is not diagnosed early. The clinical manifestation of PMC is diverse and symptoms usually are increased order of severity. Although leukocytosis is common, leukemoid reaction is very rare in PMC. We report a case of PMC associated with a leukemoid reaction without typical symptoms in a type 2 diabetic patient who have the multiple diabetic complications.
Clostridium difficile ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous* ; Humans ; Leukemoid Reaction* ; Leukocytosis ; Mortality

A leukemoid reaction is usually associated with malignancies of the lung, stomach, and thyroid. In contrast, urothelial cell carcinoma is rarely associated with leukemoid reactions, with few cases reported over the past 30 years. Here, we describe a patient with urothelial cell carcinoma who exhibited a leukemoid reaction. The patient had an elevated white blood cell count and experienced a rapid and aggressive clinical course, terminating in death. For urothelial cell carcinoma patients exhibiting a leukemoid reaction, removal of the inciting tumor is the definitive treatment. However, considering the aggressive nature of these tumors, if the patient is unsuitable for radical surgical management, palliative chemotherapy should be considered.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Leukemoid Reaction* ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes* ; Prognosis* ; Stomach ; Thyroid Gland

The solid and hematologic cancer are occasionally accompanied by peripheral blood eosinophilia and suggest tumor necrosis or wide dissemination, but the mechanisms underlying this curious relationship remain obscure. The association of this eosinophilic leukemoid reaction with carcinoma seems to occur must frequently with bronchogenic carcinoma. Several mechanisms for this association were considered: eosinophil chemotactic factor, eosinophil mediated by T-lymphocyte, and eosinopoietic hormone. We are here reporting a case of bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma of lung associated with peripheral eosinophilia in a 60-year-old male patient.
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic ; Eosinophilia* ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Leukemoid Reaction ; Lung* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; T-Lymphocytes

Renal cell carcinoma has been recognized for several years as a relatively common cause of paraneoplastic syndromes. Fever, polycythemia, hypercalcemia, amyloidosis, abnormal liver function, Cushing's syndrome and neuropathy have been ostm frequently reported in association with renal cell carcinoma, but leukemoid reactions have been reported only rarely with this tumor. Recently we experienced a leukemoid reaction in a 64-year old female patient who presented with an advanced case of renal cell carcinoma. According to the literature the mortality is 100% with leukemoid reactions in renal cell carcinoma, and indeed this patient expired. We therefore, consider this reaction as a late manifestation of a bizzare presentation of renal cell carcinoma.
Amyloidosis ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cushing Syndrome ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Leukemoid Reaction* ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Polycythemia

Blood Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemoid Reaction ; diagnosis

A leukemoid reaction is defined as reactive leukocytosis exceeding 50,000/mm3, with a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors, and can be a paraneoplastic manifestation of various malignant tumors. A 71-year-old male patient complained of decreased appetite, fatigue, and abdominal fullness. He had a palpable, firm liver, and laboratory investigations suggested leukemoid reaction. Liver dynamic computed tomography revealed a hypervascular mass, and an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the mass confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a sarcomatoid component. The leukocyte count of the patient had increased to 147,800/mm3, and he died 10 days after admission. This is a rare case of leukemoid reaction in a patient with sarcomatous HCC.
Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*pathology ; Humans ; Leukemoid Reaction/*diagnosis ; Leukocyte Count ; Liver Neoplasms/*pathology ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia is a rare myeloproliferative disorder. We have experienced a typical case of chronic neutrophilic leukemia in a 76-year-old man who complained abdominal distension due to hepatosplenomegaly. White blood cell count of peripheral blood was 50,500/nL with 90% segmented neutrophils. The underlying disease for a leukemoid reaction had not been detected. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score and the serum levels of vitamin B12 and uric acid were elevated. Chromosome study showed a normal karyotype without Philadelphia chromosome or bcr/abl rearrangement. Phorbol myristate acetate-activated respiratory burst activity of neutrophils measured with chemiluminescence showed increased activity.
Aged ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic* ; Leukemoid Reaction ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Luminescence ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Myristic Acid ; Neutrophils* ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Respiratory Burst* ; Uric Acid ; Vitamin B 12

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by sustained neutrophilia, splenomegaly, and hypercellular bone marrow without Philadelphia chromosome. Diagnosis of CNL requires exclusion of identifiable causes of reactive neutrophilia, such as infection and tumors. Our patient presented with general weakness and weight loss. Computed tomography (CT) showed a mass in the distal rectum, which was confirmed to be an adenocarcinoma by colonoscopic biopsy. Positron emission tomography-CT showed multiple liver, bone, and lymph node metastases. Liver and lymph node biopsies revealed neutrophilic infiltration with no evidence of adenocarcinoma. The pathological findings of the bone marrow were compatible with CNL. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a normal karyotype, and molecular analysis was negative for BCR/ABL. Here, we present a 73 year-old man diagnosed with concurrent CNL and rectal cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Diagnosis ; Electrons ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic* ; Leukemoid Reaction ; Leukocytosis ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neutrophils ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectum ; Splenomegaly ; Weight Loss

Although neutrophilia can manifest from various causes, it is important to be able to distinguish chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) from neutrophilic leukemoid reactions (NLR). In this paper, we describe four cases of leukocytosis with neutrophilia, including one case of CNL with a T618I mutation in colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) and three cases of NLR associated with malignancy or sepsis, which were initially suspected as CNL. Of the three NLR cases, one was associated with ovarian cancer, one with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and one with multiple myeloma with sepsis. This study demonstrated that confirming the clonality of myeloid cells with CSF3R T618I could contribute to making an accurate differential diagnosis between CNL and NLR in patients with solid cancers or plasma cell neoplasms caused by paraneoplastic syndromes and/or infection.
Colony-Stimulating Factors ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic* ; Leukemoid Reaction* ; Leukocytosis ; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance ; Multiple Myeloma ; Myeloid Cells ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; Neutrophils* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Sepsis