Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in children to evaluate the extent and distribution of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. Not using ionizing radiation is a major advantage of pediatric whole-body MRI. Coronal and sagittal short tau inversion recovery imaging is most commonly used as the fundamental whole-body MRI protocol. Diffusion-weighted imaging and Dixon-based imaging, which has been recently incorporated into whole-body MRI, are promising pulse sequences, particularly for pediatric oncology. Other pulse sequences may be added to increase diagnostic capability of whole-body MRI. Of importance, the overall whole-body MRI examination time should be less than 30-60 minutes in children, regardless of the imaging protocol. Established and potentially useful clinical applications of pediatric whole-body MRI are described.
Child ; Humans ; Leukemia/radiography ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasms/radiography ; Radiation, Ionizing ; *Whole Body Imaging

The radiological appearance of diffuse discrete pulmonary nodules associated with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) has been rarely described. We describe a case of COP in 49-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia who developed diffuse pulmonary nodules during the second course of induction chemotherapy. The clinical status of the patient and imaging findings suggested the presence of a pulmonary metastasis or infectious disease. A video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy resulted in the unexpected diagnosis of COP as an isolated entity. Steroid therapy led to dramatic improvement of the clinical symptoms and the pulmonary lesions.
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia/complications/*radiography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*complications/pathology ; Lung/*radiography ; Lung Neoplasms/radiography/secondary ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/complications/*radiography

Sialadenosis is characterized by asymptomatic bilateral enlargement of the parotid glands. It is uncommon, especially in children. Diagnosis and analysis of sialadenosis based on imaging modalities have been rarely reported. Here, we report a case of sialadenosis in a child with leukemia, in which the diagnosis was made based on sonography and CT findings.
Child ; Humans ; Male ; Parotid Diseases/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*complications ; Sialadenitis/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A pathologic splenic rupture refers to a rupture without trauma. A splenic rupture as the initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia is extremely rare. In this study, we described a rare case of acute myeloid leukemia presenting principally as an acute abdomen due to a pathologic splenic rupture in a 35-year old male patient. We can assert that a pathologic splenic rupture in hematologic diseases is a potentially life-threatening complication, which necessitates immediate operative intervention. Any such patient complaining about left upper abdominal tenderness should be closely observed, and further diagnostic investigations (ultrasonograph of the abdomen, abdominal CT scan) should be initiated in order to rule out a splenic rupture. The oncologist should be aware of this rare initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2, as the condition generally necessitates a prompt splenectomy.
Adult ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Male ; Splenic Rupture/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and radiologic findings of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 21 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia who were treated with all-trans- retinoic acid between 1995 and 1998, we retrospectively evaluated the cases of four with ATRA syn-drome. Two were male and two were female, and their mean age was 58 years. The clinical and radiologic findings of chest radiography (n=4) and HRCT (n=1) were analyzed. RESULTS: Between seven and 13 days after ATRA treatment, dry cough, dyspnea and high fever developed in all patients. The WBC count in peripheral blood was significantly higher [2.9 -25.3(mean, 10.8)-fold] than before ATRA treatment, and in all patients, chest radiography revealed ill-defined consolidation and pleural effu-sion. Kerley 's B line (n=3) and hilar enlargement (n=3) were also seen, and in one patient, HRCT demonstrated septal line thickening. Among four patients treated with prednisolone and Ara-C,three recovered and one CONCLUSION: In acute promyelocytic patients treated with all-trans-retinoic acid, radiologic findings of ill-de-fined consolidation, pleural effusion, hilar prominence and Kerley 's B line may suggest ATRA syndrome. The early diagnosis of this will improve the patients' prognosis.
Cough ; Dyspnea ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute* ; Male ; Pleural Effusion ; Prednisolone ; Prognosis ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax ; Tretinoin

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, single-center study.PURPOSE: The current trend of operative treatment for adult spinal deformity (ASD) is combined anterior-posterior staged surgery. When anterior surgery was first performed, oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) was employed; this method became increasing popular. This study aimed to determine the lordosis correction that can be achieved using OLIF and assess whether we can preoperatively predict the lordosis correction angle achieved using OLIF.OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Many previous studies on OLIF have shown improved clinical and radiologic outcomes. With the increase in the popularity of OLIF, several surgeons have started using larger cages to attain greater lordosis correction. Moreover, some studies have reported complications of OLIF because of immoderate cage insertion. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study that attempted to determine whether it is possible to predict the lordosis correction angle achieved with OLIF preoperatively, using fullextension lateral view (FELV).METHODS: Forty-six patients with ASD were enrolled. All the operations were performed by a single surgeon in two stages (first, anterior and second, posterior) with a 1-week interval. Radiological evaluation was performed by comparing the Cobb’s angle of the segmental and regional lordosis obtained using preoperative and postoperative simple radiography (including the FELV) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).RESULTS: Regional lordosis (L1–S1) in the whole-spine standing lateral radiograph was −3.03°; however, in the supine lateral MRI, it was 20.92°. The regional lordosis of whole-spine standing lateral and supine lateral (MRI) was significantly different. In the FELV, regional lordosis was 25.72° and that in the postoperative supine lateral (MRI) was 25.02°; these values were not significantly different.CONCLUSIONS: Although OLIF offers many advantages, it alone plays a limited role in ASD treatment. Lordosis correction using OLIF as well as lordosis determined in the FELV was possible. Hence, our results suggest that FELV can help predict the lordosis correction angle preoperatively and thus aid the selection of the appropriate technique in the second staged operation.
Adult ; Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Leukemia Virus, Feline ; Lordosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Prospective Studies ; Radiography ; Surgeons

The purpose of this review is to summarize the results of studies on of the association between exposure to dental X-rays and health risk. To perform the systematic review, We searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases for papers published before December 15, 2016. A total of 2 158 studies, excluding duplicate studies, were found. Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility of each study. The final 21 studies were selected after application of exclusion criteria. In terms of health outcomes, there were 10 studies about brain tumors, 5 about thyroid cancer, 3 about tumors of head and neck areas, and 3 related to systemic health. In brain tumor studies, the association between dental X-ray exposure and meningioma was statistically significant in 5 of the 7 studies. In 4 of the 5 thyroid-related studies, there was a significant correlation with dental diagnostic X-rays. In studies on head and neck areas, tumors included laryngeal, parotid gland, and salivary gland cancers. There was also a statistically significant correlation between full-mouth X-rays and salivary gland cancer, but not parotid gland cancer. Health outcomes such as leukemia, low birth weight, cataracts, and thumb carcinomas were also reported. In a few studies examining health effects related to dental X-ray exposure, possibly increased risks of meningioma and thyroid cancer were suggested. More studies with a large population and prospective design are needed to elaborate these associations further.
Brain Neoplasms ; Cataract ; Head ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; Meningioma ; Neck ; Parotid Gland ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Exposure ; Radiography ; Radiography, Dental ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; Thumb ; Thyroid Neoplasms

The purpose of this review is to summarize the results of studies on of the association between exposure to dental X-rays and health risk. To perform the systematic review, We searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases for papers published before December 15, 2016. A total of 2 158 studies, excluding duplicate studies, were found. Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility of each study. The final 21 studies were selected after application of exclusion criteria. In terms of health outcomes, there were 10 studies about brain tumors, 5 about thyroid cancer, 3 about tumors of head and neck areas, and 3 related to systemic health. In brain tumor studies, the association between dental X-ray exposure and meningioma was statistically significant in 5 of the 7 studies. In 4 of the 5 thyroid-related studies, there was a significant correlation with dental diagnostic X-rays. In studies on head and neck areas, tumors included laryngeal, parotid gland, and salivary gland cancers. There was also a statistically significant correlation between full-mouth X-rays and salivary gland cancer, but not parotid gland cancer. Health outcomes such as leukemia, low birth weight, cataracts, and thumb carcinomas were also reported. In a few studies examining health effects related to dental X-ray exposure, possibly increased risks of meningioma and thyroid cancer were suggested. More studies with a large population and prospective design are needed to elaborate these associations further.
Brain Neoplasms ; Cataract ; Head ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; Meningioma ; Neck ; Parotid Gland ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Exposure ; Radiography* ; Radiography, Dental ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; Thumb ; Thyroid Neoplasms

The abdominal tumors in children are different from those of adult. These tumors are the third most common one, preceded by leukemia and brain tumors, in children under 15 years. X-ray examination is the most important method among diagnostic approaches. The role of diagnostic imaging is to identify the precise anatomic location and extent of pathologic process with the minimal number of imaging procedures. 23 cases of abdominal tumors were reviewed in respect of age incidence, site of origin, radiologic findings. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1. Neuroblastoma was the most common (6 cases) and wilm's tumor (5 cases), choledocal cyst (4 cases), ovarian mass (3 cases), hydronephrosis (2 cases), were descending order in frequency. 2. The most common site was retroperitoneum (60%) Kidney was the single most common site of origin. 3. Radiologic findings. The most common findings of plain radiography was ill defined soft tissue mass and this method was helpful in the presence of calcification especially in neuroblastoma. Ultrasonographic pattern was anechoic (cystic), echoic or mixed pattern, but this method provide less precise anatomical details, nevertheless Ultrasonography was particularly useful imaging modality for the pediatric abdominal tumors. IVP findings were renal displacement, caliceopelvic system distortion or nonvisualization of kidney, these information was helpful in determining the location of tumors. CT scan showed homogenous or inhomogeneous, cystic or solid, mass with their anatomic location. 4. Ultrasonography was the most widely used specific diagnostic method, but had limited value in detecting the anatomic location of tumors. CT scan was superior to ultrasound for determining the extent of tumors.
Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; Child ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Leukemia ; Methods ; Neuroblastoma ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Wilms Tumor

Breast metastases in cases leukemia are very rare and occur primarily in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. We report the involvement of breast metastases in a 30-year-old woman with acute T cell lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient's mammograms revealed an extremely dense pattern with ill-defined, denser mass-like lesions in both breasts. A bilateral breast ultrasonographic evaluation revealed lobular-shaped and partly ill-defined hypoechoic masses with a multi-septated nodular (mottled) appearance.
Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/radiography/*secondary/ultrasonography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*pathology ; Ultrasonography, Mammary