We report five cases of cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised patients which were detected by either cytomegalovirus antigenemia assay or in situ hybridization. Four cases had leukemia and the other had chronic renal failure. All the three BMT recipients suffered from GvHD. Interestingly, there was an unique case of CMV disease without a history of BMT, which reminded us that CMV could attack immunocompromised patients who had not undergone transplantation, too. Four out of five cases died. We think that cytomegalovirus infection or disease should not be regarded as a minor problem in post-transplantation infection in Korea.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, Viral/*blood ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Case Report ; Cytomegalovirus/*immunology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications/*diagnosis ; Fatal Outcome ; Graft vs Host Disease/complications ; Human ; Immunocompromised Host ; In Situ Hybridization ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications ; Kidney Transplantation ; Leukemia/*complications/therapy ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2/complications/therapy ; Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute/complications/therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic/complications/therapy ; Male ; Viremia/*diagnosis

The diagnosis of incracranial tuberculoma in immune-compromised hosts is often difficult because conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of tuberculoma reveals various findings and neurologic symptoms are not typical. Here, we report a case of a 54-yr old man with multiple intracranial tuberculoma who was treated for acute myeloid leukemia. He complained of right-side paresthesia after the third consolidation chemotherapy without leukemic relapse and fever. MR imaging of the brain showed multiple ring-enhanced lesions in the cerebrum, cerebellar hemisphere, and pons. The lesions appeared to mimic a metastatic tumor or abscess. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed no abnormal cells, but the level of adenosine deaminase was elevated (28.8 IU/L, normal 0-8). Stereotactic brain biopsy was performed, but only reactive gliosis was observed. To confirm diagnosis, an open brain biopsy was performed. The histopathology demonstrated chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis. Tuberculous-polymerase chain reaction of the biopsy showed a positive result. He was treated with anti-tuberculosis medication and a high dose of steroid. Paresthesia improved, and follow-up brain MR imaging showed the decreased size and numbers of ring-enhanced lesions and improvement of perilesional edema 1 month after treatment. Here, we report on an interesting case of intracranial tuberculoma in acute myeloid leukemia.
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Brain Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*complications ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma, Myeloid/*diagnosis ; Tuberculoma, Intracranial/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy

Adult ; Central Nervous System ; pathology ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; complications ; therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paraplegia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Transplantation, Homologous

Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is an uncommon opportunistic fungal infection often presents in immunocompromised patients. Direct invasion of the intestinal walls by spores from ingested food is the main pathogenetic mechanism of this disease, which usually takes place in stomach and colon. Early diagnosis is critical, especially in vascular invasive types, due to its high mortality rate close to 100%. In the past when appropriate diagnostic tools were not available, mucormycosis were frequently found with autopsy. The advance in current endoscopic technology has increased diagnostic rate and made successful management available with appropriate treatments such as debridement of contaminated tissues. In this case report, we discussed a case of ileal mucormycosis diagnosed by colonoscopy and treated with anti-fungal agent successfully.
Amphotericin B/therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Ileal Diseases/*diagnosis/microbiology/therapy ; Ileum/pathology ; Immunocompromised Host ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*complications/drug therapy ; Male ; Mucormycosis/*diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

In up to 40% of systemic mastocytosis (SM) cases, an associated clonal hematological non-mast cell lineage disease such as AML is diagnosed before, simultaneously with, or after the diagnosis of SM. A 40-yr-old man was diagnosed with AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22). Mast cells were not noted at diagnosis, but appeared as immature forms at relapse. After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), leukemic myeloblasts were not observed; however, neoplastic metachromatic blasts strikingly proliferated during the state of bone marrow aplasia, and finally, aleukemic mast cell leukemia developed. As the disease progressed, we observed serial morphologic changes from immature mast cells with myeloblasts to only metachromatic blasts and atypical mast cells as mast cell leukemia; FISH analysis showed that the neoplastic mast cells originated from the same clone as the leukemic myeloblasts of AML.
Adult ; Bone Marrow Cells/pathology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Leukemia, Mast-Cell/diagnosis/etiology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology ; Male ; Mastocytosis, Systemic/*diagnosis/etiology ; Recurrence ; Translocation, Genetic ; Transplantation, Homologous

Neutropenic enterocolitis is a serious complication of chemotherapy for malignancies such as acute leukemia or lymphoma. The acute inflammatory disease may involve the terminal ileum, cecum and ascending colon. Although conservative care is recommended as the primary treatment modality, surgical intervention is essential for intestinal perforations, abscesses, or bleeding. We experienced a case of neutropenic enterocolitis with a liver abscess in a young leukemia patient. A 13-year-old boy with acute myelogenous leukemia had completed two cycles of chemotherapy (Arabinoside 300 mg, Dactinomycin 40 mg, VP-16 150 mg, 6- mercaptopurin 60 mg, dexametasone 3 mg). Ten days after completing the second cycle he had abdominal pain, low abdominal tenderness and a high fever. The WBC count in the peripheral blood was 210 cell/mm3. A CT scan demonstrated wall thickening of the terminal ileum and ascending colon, as well as 5 cm, and 6 cm sized homogeneous low-density areas in both hepatic lobes. A presumptive diagnosis was neutropenic enterocolitis with a liver abscess. The patient was managed conservatively with fluid resuscitation, a bowel rest, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Twenty-five days later his abdominal pain was abruptly aggravated. The CT scan and Chest X-ray demonstrated free air in the peritoneal cavity. An emergency laparotomy was performed under a diagnosis of peritonitis with an intestinal perforation. The laparotomy show that, there were perforations at the pylorus of the stomach, and full thickness necrosis at multiple segments of the small bowel. Primary closure of the stomach, a segmental resection and an end-to-end anastomosis of the small bowel, and ileostomy were performed. However, postoperative leakage developed at the stomach. The patient recovered with supportive management. The patient had a third chemotherapy series 3 months after surgery. Three days after completing the third cycle, the patient developed peritonitis. A pyloric re-perforation of the stomach was observed on the laparotomy. Postoperative leakage developed after the primary closure of the stomach. The patient died of sepsis 54 days later. Therefore, intensive monitoring and close collaboration between the hematologist and the surgeon is essential for patients with neutropenic enterocolitis. Postoperative complications are quite common and can be fatal in patients with neutropenic enterocolitis that develops after chemotherapy.
Abdominal Pain ; Abscess ; Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cecum ; Colon, Ascending ; Cooperative Behavior ; Dactinomycin ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy* ; Emergencies ; Enterocolitis, Neutropenic* ; Etoposide ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileostomy ; Ileum ; Intestinal Perforation ; Laparotomy ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Liver Abscess* ; Liver* ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Necrosis ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritonitis ; Postoperative Complications ; Pylorus ; Resuscitation ; Sepsis ; Stomach ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Neutropenic enterocolitis is a serious complication of chemotherapy for malignancies such as acute leukemia or lymphoma. The acute inflammatory disease may involve the terminal ileum, cecum and ascending colon. Although conservative care is recommended as the primary treatment modality, surgical intervention is essential for intestinal perforations, abscesses, or bleeding. We experienced a case of neutropenic enterocolitis with a liver abscess in a young leukemia patient. A 13-year-old boy with acute myelogenous leukemia had completed two cycles of chemotherapy (Arabinoside 300 mg, Dactinomycin 40 mg, VP-16 150 mg, 6- mercaptopurin 60 mg, dexametasone 3 mg). Ten days after completing the second cycle he had abdominal pain, low abdominal tenderness and a high fever. The WBC count in the peripheral blood was 210 cell/mm3. A CT scan demonstrated wall thickening of the terminal ileum and ascending colon, as well as 5 cm, and 6 cm sized homogeneous low-density areas in both hepatic lobes. A presumptive diagnosis was neutropenic enterocolitis with a liver abscess. The patient was managed conservatively with fluid resuscitation, a bowel rest, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Twenty-five days later his abdominal pain was abruptly aggravated. The CT scan and Chest X-ray demonstrated free air in the peritoneal cavity. An emergency laparotomy was performed under a diagnosis of peritonitis with an intestinal perforation. The laparotomy show that, there were perforations at the pylorus of the stomach, and full thickness necrosis at multiple segments of the small bowel. Primary closure of the stomach, a segmental resection and an end-to-end anastomosis of the small bowel, and ileostomy were performed. However, postoperative leakage developed at the stomach. The patient recovered with supportive management. The patient had a third chemotherapy series 3 months after surgery. Three days after completing the third cycle, the patient developed peritonitis. A pyloric re-perforation of the stomach was observed on the laparotomy. Postoperative leakage developed after the primary closure of the stomach. The patient died of sepsis 54 days later. Therefore, intensive monitoring and close collaboration between the hematologist and the surgeon is essential for patients with neutropenic enterocolitis. Postoperative complications are quite common and can be fatal in patients with neutropenic enterocolitis that develops after chemotherapy.
Abdominal Pain ; Abscess ; Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cecum ; Colon, Ascending ; Cooperative Behavior ; Dactinomycin ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy* ; Emergencies ; Enterocolitis, Neutropenic* ; Etoposide ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileostomy ; Ileum ; Intestinal Perforation ; Laparotomy ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Liver Abscess* ; Liver* ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Necrosis ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritonitis ; Postoperative Complications ; Pylorus ; Resuscitation ; Sepsis ; Stomach ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Aged ; Ampicillin/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cytarabine/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Idarubicin/therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Male ; Moraxella/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Moraxellaceae Infections/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Sulbactam/therapeutic use