No abstract available.
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute* ; P-Glycoprotein*

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute* ; Leukemic Infiltration* ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Skin*

Myeloid sarcoma, characterized by the presence of immature myeloid cells occurring at an extramedullary site, is a rare manifestation of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Spinal cord compression as an initial presentation of AML is very rare with only a few reported cases. We discuss a case of a 22-year-old male who presented with bicytopenia and paraplegia. Workups were consistent with AML with monocytic differentiation. Chromosomal analysis revealed loss of Y and t (8;21). Spinal cord MRI showed intradural extramedullary-enhancing soft tissue lesions at levels T2 to T7 and L5 to S1, suspected to be myeloid sarcoma. Patient, however, succumbed to severe nosocomial infection prior to initiation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Human ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; Sarcoma, Myeloid ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms

Leukemia cutis, the specific infiltration of leukemia, can be seen in any leukemia, but, are especially common in the acute myelogenous leukemia M4 and M5 variants. It may clinically mimic many inflammatory dermatoses. We herein report a case of a 59-year-old man with acute monocytic leukemia who concurrently presented with various cutaneous manifestations that clinically resembled benign skin lesions such as rosacea, contact dermatitis, and milium. Histologic study of all the lesions revealed leukemia cutis of the monocytic type. We presented this case to illustrate how leukemia cutis can masquerade as clinically benign-appearing, cutaneous eruptions.
Dermatitis, Contact ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Middle Aged ; Rosacea ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

Additional copies of chromosome 8 are nonrandom karyotypic aberrations in myeloid malignancies with trisomy 8 being the most common. Hexasomy 8 is extremely rare and only two cases have been reported. We report a case of acute myeloid leukemia with hexasomy 8 as a sole karyotypic aberration by conven-tional cytogenetic analysis. The patient was diagnosed as acute monoblastic leukemia and showed short survival.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Humans ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Trisomy

The KMT2A (formerly MLL) gene is associated with at least 10% of all cases of acute leukemia. More than 80 translocation partner genes of KMT2A have been discovered to date, six of which have been identified on the long arm of chromosome 17. Among these, the MLLT6 (formerly AF17) gene is located at 17q12 and fuses with the KMT2A gene in rare cases of acute leukemia. We report here a case of AML with a KMT2A/MLLT6 fusion that was confirmed using molecular genetic methods. According to a literature review, this is the first reported case of AML with a KMT2A/MLLT6 fusion in Korea.
Arm ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; Molecular Biology

Leukemia cutis, the specific infiltration of leukemic cells, can be seen in any leukemia, but are especially common in the acute myelogenous leukemia M4 and M5 variants. We herein report a case of a 68-year-old woman with acute monocytic leukemia who presented with generalized, grouped nodules over the whole body, including the eyelids and scalp, and were clinically suspected to be metastatic skin cancer or cutaneous lymphoma. Histologic study of the lesions revealed leukemia cutis of the monocytic type. We present this case to illustrate how leukemia cutis can clinically masquerade as other dermatoses.
Aged ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lymphoma ; Scalp ; Skin Diseases ; Skin Neoplasms

We report on an 18-year-old man who had both acute monoblastic leukemia and Marfan syndrome. A diagnosis of Marfan syndrome was established by those characteristics of arachnodactyly, ectopia lentis, mitral valve prolapse, and mitral regurgitation. Findings on bone marrow examination of the patient showed that most of nucleated cells were monoblasts and immunophenotype of those cells showed CD13+, CD33+, CD56+, and HLA-DR+. To our knowledge, this is the second report of leukemia in Marfan syndrome in the world.
Adolescence ; Biopsy, Needle ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Human ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/diagnosis ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/complications* ; Male ; Marfan Syndrome/diagnosis ; Marfan Syndrome/complications*

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the molecular genetics of 81 patients with acute monocytic leukemia (AML). METHODS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to detect MLL gene rearrangements. Combined mutations of 17 genes were detected by DNA-based PCR and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Sixty seven patients were found to harbor at least one mutation. The most commonly mutated gene was NPM1 (n=18), which was followed by FLT3-ITD (n=16), NRAS (n=16), DNMT3A (n=15), TET2 (n=12), RUNX1 (n=11) and KRAS (n=9). Based on the functions of mutated genes, the most frequently involved genes were those involved in DNA methylation (38.27%), tyrosine kinase receptor signaling (32.1%), transcription regulation (28.4%), and RAS pathway (24.7%). Single gene mutation predominated in patient with cytogenetic abnormalities, while coexistence of 2 mutations have predominated in patient with normal cytogenetic findings. Stratified by cytogenetic findings, patients with single gene mutations (intermediate-risk group) had significantly higher complete remission (CR) rates than those with ≥2 gene mutations (unfavorable-risk group) (91.7% vs. 57.6% , 87.5% vs. 25.0%, P =0.0319, 0.0117, respectively). CONCLUSION Over 80% of AML patients were found to harbor at least one mutation. Their clinical phenotype and prognosis may be impacted by the synergy of MLL gene rearrangement and multiple mutations. For patients under the same risk stratification, the number of mutations is reversely correlated with the CR rate.
Cytogenetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Mutation ; Prognosis ; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the treatment of acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5) and the related factors that affecting the prognosis of the patients. METHODS: The clinical data of 71 patients with AML-M5 treated with allo-HSCT in Zhujiang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University from April 2009 to October 2019 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), cumulative overall survival (OS) rate, cumulative progression-free survival (PFS) rate, transplantation-related mortality (TRM), relapse rate and the risk factors affecting prognosis in the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: 66 patients obtained hematopoietic reconstruction after transplantation, the median time of granulocyte implantation was 12 (9-26) d, and the median time of megakaryocytic implantation was 13 (8-72) d. The incidence of acute GVHD and chronic GVHD was 33.8% (24/71) and 36.6% (26/71), respectively. The median follow-up time was 13.81 (0.16 to 112.54) months; the median OS and PFS was 31.27 and 26.07 months, respectively. The cumulative OS of the patients in 1 and 3 years after transplantation was 64.9% and 48.6%, respectively, and the cumulative PFS of the patients in 1 and 3 years was 55.0% and 39.5%, respectively. The cumulative relapse rate of the patients in 1 and 3 years was 24% and 40%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that pre-transplantation relapse was the independent risk factor affecting OS (HR=2.32, 95%CI:1.17-4.62, P=0.02) and PFS (HR=3.08, 95%CI:1.61-5.90, P=0.001) of the patients; invasive fungal disease after transplantation was the independent risk factor affecting OS (HR=2.71, 95% CI:1.32-5.56, P=0.007) and PFS (HR=2.87, 95%CI=1.40-5.86, P=0.004) of the patients; FLT3 mutation was the independent risk factor affecting PFS (HR=2.13, 95%CI=1.07-4.24, P=0.03) of the patients. CONCLUSION AML-M5 is the intermediate or high-risk leukemia, and allo-HSCT can improve the survival prognosis of the patients. Pre-transplantation relapse and invasive fungal disease after transplantation are the important factors affecting the efficacy of allo-HSCT in patients with AML-M5.
Child ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Patients ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies