The non-cancer-cell component of the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has drawn the attention of the researchers because of its relative stability of the genome.The composition and characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and the composition of the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma were introduced in this article.Besides,the recent studies about the non-cancer-cell component of the tumor microenvironment in HCC were reviewed from three aspects..The exosomes,the chemokines and the local conditions without biological activity.The application of non-cancer-cell in interventional treatment in the future was also discussed.

Objective To explore the impact of local lipiodol deposition in liver of miniature pigs on the shape and size of the necrotic area after microwave ablation (MWA).Methods Ten healthy miniature pigs were selected and equally divided into experimental group and control group (each n=5).In experimental group,transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization with lipiodol was done before microwave ablation,while only standard microwave ablation was performed in control group.Immediate post-ablation CT images were obtained.Long-axis diameter (LAD),short-axis diameter (SAD),sphericity index (SI=SAD/LAD) and volume of ablation zone were calculated.The size and shape of the ablated areas were compared between two groups.Results The mean LAD,SAD,SI and volume of ablation zone in experimental group ([4.21 ± 0.52]cm,[2.87±0.38]cm,0.69±0.10,[18.72±6.08]cm3) were larger than those in control group ([3.71±0.42]cm,[2.19±0.42]cm,0.60±0.09,[9.44±2.29] cm3;all P＜0.05).Conclusion Local deposition of lipiodol in liver parenchyma of miniature pigs can help to produce larger and rounder necrosis in the ablation zone.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and outcomes of percutaneous ablation guided by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) in colorectal liver oligometastases (CLOM). Methods: This study included patients with CLOM treated with percutaneous ablation from January 2008 to January 2021 in this observational study. Only lesions visualized on both CT and US images were further analyzed according to whether patients’ initial ablation treatments utilized US guidance or CT guidance. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate local tumor progression (LTP)–free survival after propensity score matching (PSM). The LTP-free survival and treatment-related outcomes were compared between these two groups. Results: PSM identified 116 patients from each group, with 269 and 238 lesions in the USguided and CT-guided groups, respectively. US-guided ablation had a shorter average procedure time and lower cost than CT-guided ablation (27.54±12.06 minutes vs. 32.70±13.88 minutes, P=0.003; $2,175.13±618.17 vs. $2,455.49±710.25, P=0.002). For patients >60 years of age, the cumulative LTP rate at 1 year was lower in the US-guided group than in the CT-guided group (17.8% vs. 25.1%, P=0.038). For patients with perivascular liver lesions, the cumulative LTP rate at 1 year was lower in the US-guided group (14.4% vs. 28.2%, P=0.040). Conclusion For patients whose age is >60 years or who have perivascular liver lesions, USguided ablation is better than CT-guided ablation, with a shorter treatment time and lower costs when both ablation methods are feasible for patients.