No abstract available.
Leptospira interrogans* ; Leptospira*

No abstract available.
Chungcheongbuk-do* ; Leptospira interrogans* ; Leptospira*

Background and Objective: Leptospirosis is a disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira prevalent in tropical countries like the Philippines. Some studies have shown that the role of currently used antibiotics for leptospirosis is unclear since trials have found no significant benefit to patient outcomes compared to placebo. This signals the need for alternative therapies, such as herbal medicines, which may provide effective therapeutic regimens in treating this infection. In this study, we characterized the antibacterial potential of three Philippine herbal medicines against Leptospira interrogans. Methods: Crude methanolic extracts of Momordica charantia, Cassia alata, and Allium sativum were subjected to an optimized broth microdilution assay against L. interrogans, utilizing the resazurin-resorufin reaction as a cell proliferation and viability indicator. Results: The respective minimum inhibitory concentrations of the plants were found to be as follows: 1.25 mg/mL (M. charantia), 2.5 mg/mL (C. alata), and >5 mg/mL (A. sativum). Conclusions Among the three herbal medicines, M. charantia and C. alata proved to have antibacterial activity against L. interrogans. Given the promising potential of two of these plant extracts, exploring the use of other solvents to extract natural compounds from these plants, and discovering possible synergistic effects between these plants and conventional antibiotics may be worthwhile.
Leptospira interrogans ; Herbal Medicine

In this study, we selected only serologically identified 15 Leptosira interrogans isolates in the past and analyzed and identified them by using molecular method. The partial 16S rDNA and LipL32 genes were amplified from the bacteria by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sizes of the PCR products were 529 bp and 819 bp respectively and analysis of the nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA and LipL32 genes showed that 14 out the 15 Leptospira showed 99.4~100% and 99.2~99.9% similarity respectively to those of L. interrogans lai and one isolate named HS-7 showed 100% and 100% similarity to L. interrogans canicola. The phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rDNA and LipL32 genes obtained the study revealed that 14 of the Leptospira composed a cluster distinct to that of L. interrogans lai and HS-7 composed to L. interrogans canicola.
Bacteria ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Ribosomal* ; Leptospira interrogans ; Leptospira* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Leptospirosis has been known as endemic disease in Korea since 1984. Wild rodent, mostly Apodemus agrarius, has been known as an important source of leptospiral infection especially in rainy circumstances in harvest reason of rural area. The infection rates of Leptospira interrogans in field rodents, Apodemus agrarius, was investigated by culture and PCR detection of leptospiral DNA, and compared with previous data. Furthermore, the serogroup and serovar were investigated. Two hundred twenty two Apodemus agrarius were captured during October to December 1996. Spirohaetes were isolated from 22 (9.9%) and leptospiral DNA was detected in an additional six rodents (12.6%). Subsequent cross-agglutinin absorption test, monoclonal antibody reactivity classified 21 cultures among 22 isolates as Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohemorrhagiae serovar lai. The above data did not differ from previous survey in 1984 to 1987. There was no significant change of Leptospira interrogans infection in field rodents in Korea.
Absorption ; Animals ; DNA ; Endemic Diseases ; Korea* ; Leptospira interrogans* ; Leptospira* ; Leptospirosis ; Murinae ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence* ; Rodentia*

BACKGROUND: Many strains of Leptospira interrogans have been isolated in Korea since 1984. Most isolates were identified as serovar lai by serological methods. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of Korean isolates have not been investigated currently. METHODS: 29 reference strains and 29 Korean isolates of Leptospira interrogans were characterized by PFGE. Chromosomes were digested by the Not I restriction enzyme and subsequently PFGE was performed in CHEF-DRII (Bio Rad Lab) with 3 pulse times (30 seconds 13 hours, 60 seconds 13 hours, 120 seconds 14 hours) at 150 V (4.5 V/cm). RESULTS: 12 serogroup reference strains and most 17 serovars reference strains in the serogroup Icterohaemoffhagie showed the unique Not I restriction patterns. Most isolates identified serologically as serovar lai showed the same PFGE patterns as the serovar lai reference strain. The strain HM3 and 18R identified serologically as new serovars yeonchon and hongchon respectively showed the same PFGE patterns as serovar lai. The strain AP31, CH88-19 and NR13 that were different from serovar lai by serological methods showed the PFGE patterns indistinguishable from serovar lai reference strain. The strain HY2 that was identified as serovar lai, and the strain 30R that was different from serovar lai serologically showed the PFGE patterns slightly different from serovar lai reference strain. CONCLUSION: The PFGE profile of most Korean isolates Leptospira interrogans serologically identified as serovar lai is identical to the reference strain serovar lai. PFGE analysis thus may be applied to identify serovar of isolates and to investigate the genetic diversity of related serovar.
DNA* ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field* ; Genetic Variation ; Korea ; Leptospira interrogans* ; Leptospira*

BACKGROUND: Many strains of Leptospira interrogans have been isolated in Korea since 1984. Most isolates were identified as serovar lai by serological methods. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of Korean isolates have not been investigated currently. METHODS: 29 reference strains and 29 Korean isolates of Leptospira interrogans were characterized by PFGE. Chromosomes were digested by the Not I restriction enzyme and subsequently PFGE was performed in CHEF-DRII (Bio Rad Lab) with 3 pulse times (30 seconds 13 hours, 60 seconds 13 hours, 120 seconds 14 hours) at 150 V (4.5 V/cm). RESULTS: 12 serogroup reference strains and most 17 serovars reference strains in the serogroup Icterohaemoffhagie showed the unique Not I restriction patterns. Most isolates identified serologically as serovar lai showed the same PFGE patterns as the serovar lai reference strain. The strain HM3 and 18R identified serologically as new serovars yeonchon and hongchon respectively showed the same PFGE patterns as serovar lai. The strain AP31, CH88-19 and NR13 that were different from serovar lai by serological methods showed the PFGE patterns indistinguishable from serovar lai reference strain. The strain HY2 that was identified as serovar lai, and the strain 30R that was different from serovar lai serologically showed the PFGE patterns slightly different from serovar lai reference strain. CONCLUSION: The PFGE profile of most Korean isolates Leptospira interrogans serologically identified as serovar lai is identical to the reference strain serovar lai. PFGE analysis thus may be applied to identify serovar of isolates and to investigate the genetic diversity of related serovar.
DNA* ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field* ; Genetic Variation ; Korea ; Leptospira interrogans* ; Leptospira*

Leptospirosis is a spirochetal infectious disease caused by Leptospira interrogans, and may vary in degree from an asymptomatic infection to a severe and fatal illness. The kidney is one of the principal target organs of Leptospira. Renal disorders caused by Leptospira infection vary from an abnormality in urinalysis to acute kidney injury (AKI). Incidence of AKI in severe leptospirosis varies from 40% to 60%. AKI reflects the severity of leptospirosis and is generally accompanied by cholestatic jaundice. The pathophysiology of AKI in leptospirosis consists of hypovolemia, direct tubular toxicity, and rhabdomyolysis. Most patients with acute leptospirosis experience severe myalgias, and show laboratory evidence of mild rhabdomyolysis. However, occurrence of severe rhabdomyolysis is rare. We report here on a patient with leoptospirosis, who had severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury without jaundice.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Asymptomatic Infections ; Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Hypovolemia ; Incidence ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Kidney ; Leptospira ; Leptospira interrogans ; Leptospirosis ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Urinalysis

OBJECTIVETo detect leptospiral antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in north-east of Iran.

METHODSThis study was conducted to evaluate prevalence of human leptospiral infections by MAT, using six current reference strains of Leptospira interrogans in north-east of Iran. A total of 285 serum samples were collected from three north-east provinces of Iran, from December, 2009 to June, 2010.

RESULTSAntibodies were detected at least against one serovar of Leptospira interrogans in 45 sera (15.79 %) among 285 samples at a dilution 1:100 or greater. Positive titers against more than one serovar were detected in 24 sera of the positive samples. Therefore, there were 75 positive reactions against different serovar of Leptospira interrogans. Positive titers were recorded against serovar icterohaemorrhagiae (31 samples), hardjo (26 samples), grippotyphosa (7 samples), pomona (5 samples), canicola (4 samples) and ballum (2 sample).

CONCLUSIONSIn present study the most prevalent (Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae) and the least prevalent (Leptospira ballum) serovar are different from previous studies. Maybe, species and prevalence of serovars change during the time in one area and between regions.

Agglutination Tests ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Iran ; epidemiology ; Leptospira ; classification ; immunology ; Leptospira interrogans ; immunology ; Leptospirosis ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Prevalence ; Serogroup

Leptospirosis is a spirochaetal infectious disease caused by Leptospira interrogans. Multiple organ involvement may be encountered in leptospirosis. Early renal involvement is very common and characterized by tubulo-interstitial nephritis and tubular dysfunction. Rarely, diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis may be seen. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgA nephropathy) is defined by the predominant deposition of IgA in the glomerular mesangium. The secondary IgA nephropathy is thought to be caused by hepatobiliary disease, mucosal disease, infection, malignancy, some hematologic disease and systemic autoimmune or hypersensitivity disease. However, there are few reports about IgA nephropathy associated with leptospirosis. We herein report a case of IgA nephropathy in 21-year- old leptospirosis patient.
Communicable Diseases ; Glomerular Mesangium ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Leptospira interrogans ; Leptospirosis* ; Nephritis