Taking the application of integration teaching in neurology curriculum as an example, by analyzing the Harvard Medical School , the University of Toronto School of Medicine and the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine on the course curriculum, the issues related to neurology curriculum integration has been explored. The results show that the integration of teaching mode reflects the two major characteristics of multi discipline integration, clinical and basic integration, and it emphasizes the organ system as the center, the problem based learning (problem-based learning, PBL), Problem-Based Learn-ing, Case-based Learning and other teaching methods will play an important role in the medical educa-tion reform in the important position.

A total of 13 allozymes of 7 populations of Oncomelania snails trom 7 provinces in the mainland China were examined by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Results demonstrated that out of 17 loci examined, 10 were monomorphic loci: Aldh,Ao,G6pd ,Gpdh,Hbdh,Ldh, Sdh,Est-2,Est-3,and Est-6,and 7 were polymorphic loci:Est-4,Est-5,Xdh,Mdh,Idh,Got and Ap. Banding pattern showed that six enzymes were polymorphic accounting for 46.15 % (6/13) of total enzyme systems examined. Results indicated that a certain of relative relation-ship was existed along with the significant variation presented based on their environment and location among the 7 populations of snails from the mainland of China. It was revealed that the 7 polymorphic loci were the important loci affecting the gentic variation in the differ-ent populations of Oncomelania spp.

Objective To explore the possibility of gelatin sponge as supporter of central nervous tissue engineering. Methods Primary NSCs were isolated from forebrain of neonatal Sprague Dawley rats and cuhured in serum-free medium for long-term survival in vitro. Neural stem cells were divided into absorbable gelatin sponge group and control group.Observe their morphology and proliferation.Immunofluorescence technique were used to test the results of differentiation of two groups of neural stem cells. Resultes NSCs in absorbable gelatin sponge group and control group survived and there was no conspicuous change in shape and quality. The rates of survival cell were 91.6％ and 92.8％ respectively, which was no significant difference between them.NSCs could adherented to the surface of the gelatin sponge and well-grown.After induced differentiation,NSCs started to shrink and stretch,axons grown and connected with each other,till form network structure.The expression of neuroglia cell marker GFAP and neuron cell marker NSE could be detected by immunofluorescence assay. Couclusion Neural stem cells and gelatin sponge can mixed and cultivating together in vitro.NSCs is no conspicuous change.It is suggested that absorbable gelatin sponge can serve as the carrier of the tissue engineering of central nervous system.

Objective To analyze the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) composition in patients with T2DM. Methods All subjects were from Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan university, and they were divided into three groups: normal control ( n = 94 ), T2DM ( n = 101 ) and T2DM with hyperlipidemia ( n = 77 ). Fasting blood samples were taken from the participants, and plasma FFA were separated using a modified Doles method with the bromoacetophenone, pre-column-derivative. The quantitation of FFA was performed on were (355.63 ± 100. 35) μmol/L, (421.21 ± 200. 83 ) μ mol/L, ( 473.04 ± 213.40 ) μmol/L in healthy controls, T2DM group and T2DM with hyperlipidemia group, respectively. The significant differences were observed among the 3 groups(x2 = 13.08, P <0.01 ). However, there was no significant difference of UFA concentrations among the 3 groups [(206.29± 61.94) μ mol/L, (218.11 ± 110.28) μmol/L and ( 240.94 ± 116.79 ) μmol/L, x2 = 2.17, P > 0.05]. Compared to normal control [( 355.63 ± 100.35 )μmol/L], the FFA concentration[(421.21 ±200.83) μmol/L] in T2DM has significantly increased (x2 =FFA concentrations were higher in T2DM with hyperlipidemia [(473.04 ±213.40) μmol/L] (x2 =27.93,P <0.01 ). The RSD values for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 5%, and the minimal detection limits ranged from 0.05 μmol/L to 0.35 μmol/L The recoveries of high, intermediate and low-level materials were 96.4% -104.8%. Conclusions The total FFA concentration in T2DM has increased, most of which are saturated FFA. The unsaturated FFA has not significantly increased. They seem to be related to the development of T2DM, and might be a new biomarker for clinical monitoring of metabolic disorder of T2DM.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between brain iron deposition and pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in schizophrenia.MethodsThe corrected phase (CP) of basal ganglia was measured in schizophrenia with TD( n=18) and without TD( n =18 ) using susceptibility weighted imaging MRI.Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) was applied for clinical assessment of TD.ResultsAfter adjusting for age,sexual,and antipsychotic dosage,the mean CP of substantia nigra (SN) and caudate nucleus (CN) were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients with TD ( ( - 0.194 ± 0.040 ) rad,( - 0.089 ± 0.023 ) rad) than those without TD ( ( - 0.163 ± 0.033 ) rad,( - 0.076 ± 0.013 ) rad ; P =0.022,0.023 ).Lower mean CP in CN correlated with higher severity score of AIMS in TD patients ( r =- 0.468,P =0.034).Logistic regression analysis showed that the lower CP vaule in SN (β=-72.12,P=0.029) and CN(β=- 156.43,P=0.037),aging (β=0.379,P=0.042)were associated with the onset of TD.ConclusionThe results imply that the excess iron accumulation in basal ganglia may be associated with pathogenesis of TD in schizophrenia.

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics,and to analyze the AGXT gene mutation in three siblings with primary hyperoxaluria type I (PHI).Methods AGXT gene mutation was analyzed by direct sequencing analysis in this family,and the minor allele status was also tested.One hundred unrelated healthy subjects were also analyzed as controls.Results Three mutations in AGXT were identified in each of three patients including two novel heterozygous missense mutations and one previously reported variant.One mutation was a methionine to leucine substitution at position 49 (p.M49L,c.145A ＞ C) in exon 1,one was an asparagine to isoleucine transition at codon 72 (p.N72I,c.215A ＞ T) in exon 2,and another was a heterozygous nonsense mutation at codon 333 (p.R333*).Both p.M49L and p.R333* occured in cis configuration with the minor allele IVS1 +74 bp.Conclusions Two novel mutations are identified probably in association with PHI,however their pathogenicity and potential molecular mechanisms should be explored by further investigations.This is the first investigation on mutant gene analysis of PHI in China.

Objective To identify the trend of endemic situation among surveillance sites in Jiagsu Province from 2000 to 2002. Methods Twelve schistosomiasis surveillance sites were es-tablished ,and the longitudinal, surveillance was carried out. Results The related index of snail increased in most of surveillance sites, the rates of positive snails rose rapidly in marshlands. The infection rates of Schitosoma janponicum of cattle decreased and infection rates of human were relatively steady. However, there was still the danger of heavy endemic. Conclusion Current control strategies can not effectively adapt to the endemic situation of schistosomiasis, although which have some effects on control of morbidity. We need to study the new characteristics and rule of the endemic of schistosomiasis, and make out more effective control strategies which can suit with the current society, economies and nature environment.

Objective To determine the de ve lopmental zero and effective accumulated temperature of Oncomela nia eggs under con stant temperature. Methods The eggs were cultur ed under different constant temperature, and their development duration and effe ctive accumulated temperature were studied. The zero accumulated temperature (℃ ) was obtained by using an estimation mode, and the effective accumulated temp erature was obtained by effective accumulated mode of K=N(T-C). [WT5”H Z] Results The average development duration was (27.29?17 .2 9) d under 15-30 ℃, the development zero temperature was 11.79 ℃ and 38.22 ℃ u nder low and high temperature respectively, and the average development temperat ure and effective accumulated temperature were (557.76?198.95) DD and(236 .02 ?68.20) DD.Conclusion The suitable developme nt temperature of eggs is 27 ℃, the development speed and effective accumulated t e mperature of eggs increases with the temperature under given condition, but too high temperature may have negative impact on the development of eggs. The resul t can be considered as the basic biological parameter of the snail.

Objective To explore the method of Oncomelania hupensis snail surveillance in transmission?interrupted re?gions of schistosomiasis,so as to provide a new pattern for the surveillance of snail status in the transmission?interrupted areas. Methods In Dongtai County,north of Jiangsu Province where the transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted,the surveil?lance of snail status was performed by means of the village?level general survey,village?level sampling survey,snail survey in key settings of township and county,and snail reporting by residents. In addition,quality?control snail sites were set up for quali?ty control. The effectiveness and cost of the four methods of snail surveillance was compared. Results A total of 163 079 set?tings and 22 785.62 hm2 were surveyed in Dongtai County from 2008 to 2013,and 89 residual snail breeding sites were found, with a snail area of 1.48 hm2. The patterns of village?level general survey,village?level sampling survey,and snail survey in key settings of township and county were employed for investigation of 94 550,45 033 and 23 496 settings,consisting of 57.98%, 27.61%and 14.41%of total settings,and 2,0 and 6 settings were found with snails,with 0.021/thousand,0,and 0.255/thou?sand detection rates of settings with snail breading sites,respectively. The pattern of snail survey in key settings of township and county was more effective than that of village?level survey to detect snail breeding sites(χ2 =19.158,P=0). The recovery rate of quality?control snail breeding sites was 52.56%,38.27%and 73.62%for the three patterns of snail survey,respectively,and the pattern of snail survey in key settings of township and county showed a higher quality for snail survey than that of village?lev?el survey(χ2 =111.597 and 85.991,both P=0). During the period from 2008 to 2013,289 person?times reported 279 sus?pected snail habitats and 1 501 living snails,and no Oncomelania snails were found. During the 6?year period,there were 1617.5,964.7 and 527.7 thousand RMB invested for village?level general survey,village?level sampling survey,and snail sur?vey in key settings of township and county,and the cost of snail survey per hm2 was 129.88,133.6 and 162.57 RMB/hm2,re?spectively. The cost of village?level general survey and snail survey in key settings of township and county to detect a snail?breed?ing site was 808 800 and 88 000 RMB,respectively(t=12.850,P=0.000),and the cost of snail survey in key settings of town?ship and county was 10.88%of that of village?level general survey. Conclusion The snail survey in key settings of township and county is a highly effective and high?quality method for snail surveillance,which may serve as a prior way for the surveil?lance of snail status in the transmission?interrupted areas of schistosomiasis.

Objective To explore the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis cases and Oncomelania snails in the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi with the assistance of geographic information systems (GIS). Methods Epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in recent 20 years were collected, and the relevant GIS databases were established. The spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out with ArcView 3\^x, S\|Plus, and Spatial Statistics software. Results Except for schistosomiasis cases in Jiangsu, the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis cases and Oncomelania snails in the three provinces were fitted to the spatial autocorrelation at a certain degree. Generally the autocorrelation coefficients (Moran′s I) in Oncomelania snails were higher than that in schistosomiasis cases. Conclusion Spatial autocorrelation analysis can be used to estimate the value of one variable in different spatial position, and it is a good way to find out the spatial cluster distribution in different stages.