A total of 13 allozymes of 7 populations of Oncomelania snails trom 7 provinces in the mainland China were examined by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Results demonstrated that out of 17 loci examined, 10 were monomorphic loci: Aldh,Ao,G6pd ,Gpdh,Hbdh,Ldh, Sdh,Est-2,Est-3,and Est-6,and 7 were polymorphic loci:Est-4,Est-5,Xdh,Mdh,Idh,Got and Ap. Banding pattern showed that six enzymes were polymorphic accounting for 46.15 % (6/13) of total enzyme systems examined. Results indicated that a certain of relative relation-ship was existed along with the significant variation presented based on their environment and location among the 7 populations of snails from the mainland of China. It was revealed that the 7 polymorphic loci were the important loci affecting the gentic variation in the differ-ent populations of Oncomelania spp.

Objective To investigate the effects of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with 10HZ , 80%motor threshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) on the cognitive function in unipolar depression. Method Sixty-nine patients with unipolar depression were randomly assigned to either the real rTMS group or the sham rTMS treatment( the control group) ,all patients were given extended releasing venlafaxine. the cognitive function was evaluated using P300 and Repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status ( RBANS-immediate memory, visuospatial, language, attention, delayed memory, total score), Wisconsin card sorting test ( WCST-Right responses, Completed categories, Total errors , Preservative errors, Nonpreservative errors ). The depression severity was assessed with the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-24). All of tests were examined before and after six weeks with thirty times rTMS. Results At the end of six weeks treatments, regarding the WCST,real rTMS group showed better improvement in the right responses than control group(33.23±10.29 vs 27.09 ± 9.82, F= 16. 116 , P= 0. 000), besides right responses, real rTMS group had better performance in the rest items than control group(F=4.862 ～ 17.758, P= 0.031 ～ 0.000) ;concerning the RBANS, real rTMS group was significantly superior to control group in total score( (88.83 ± 16.48 ) vs (78.85 ± 13.51 ), F= 8. 425,P = 0. 005 ), besides total score , the real rTMS group had better performance in some rest factors than control group (F= 10.088 ～20. 801, P=0. 002 ～0.000);real rTMS group showed better improvement in the amplitude of P3than control group( (8.27 ± 2.97 ) μV vs ( 7.37 ± 2.66) μV, F= 5. 838 , P=0.018 ) ;real rTMS group demonstrated better improvement in HAMD-24 than control group( (4.7 ±2.4)vs ( 11.2 ±5.1 ), F= 29.537, P=0. 000).Conclusion rTMS can significantly improve cognitive function and depressive symptoms with unipolar depression.

Objective To study the liver fat content (LFC) in schizophrenia patients during olanzapine or aripipra?zol treatment, and to explore the relation between LFC and insulin resistance (IR). Methods Schizophrenia patients were randomly administered with olanzapine (10~25 mg/d, n=57) or aripiprazole (15~30 mg/d, n=47) for eight weeks. All sub?jects underwent sonographic quantification of LFC and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) once 0, 4, 8 weeks of treatment. Results Compared with baseline, the levels of HOMA-IR significantly in?creased after a 4-week and an 8-week of olanzapine treatment, and so did the LFC after an 8-week of olanzapine treat?ment (P<0.05). The levels of LFC (P>0.05) or HOMA-IR (P>0.05) did not significantly changed at week 4 and 8 in ar?ipiprazol group. The increment of LFC, HOMA-IR at week 8 was significantly higher in olanzapine group than that in ar?ipiprazol group (P<0.05). The change of LFC after 8-weeks olanzapine treatment was positively correlated with the change of HOMA-IR (r=0.298, P=0.036). Conclusion Olanzapine treatment increases whereas aripiprazol has little ef?fect on liver fat and insulin resistance in schizophrenia.

In allusion to high labor intensity, low working efficiency and high error rate in hospital laboratory, a detection system of the enzyme-linked analyzer based on Multiscan EX instrument is developed. Being easy to operate, the detection system proves effective in enhancing working efficiency. It deserves popularizing because of its comprehensive applications to the detection.

Objective To explore the method of Oncomelania hupensis snail surveillance in transmission?interrupted re?gions of schistosomiasis,so as to provide a new pattern for the surveillance of snail status in the transmission?interrupted areas. Methods In Dongtai County,north of Jiangsu Province where the transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted,the surveil?lance of snail status was performed by means of the village?level general survey,village?level sampling survey,snail survey in key settings of township and county,and snail reporting by residents. In addition,quality?control snail sites were set up for quali?ty control. The effectiveness and cost of the four methods of snail surveillance was compared. Results A total of 163 079 set?tings and 22 785.62 hm2 were surveyed in Dongtai County from 2008 to 2013,and 89 residual snail breeding sites were found, with a snail area of 1.48 hm2. The patterns of village?level general survey,village?level sampling survey,and snail survey in key settings of township and county were employed for investigation of 94 550,45 033 and 23 496 settings,consisting of 57.98%, 27.61%and 14.41%of total settings,and 2,0 and 6 settings were found with snails,with 0.021/thousand,0,and 0.255/thou?sand detection rates of settings with snail breading sites,respectively. The pattern of snail survey in key settings of township and county was more effective than that of village?level survey to detect snail breeding sites(χ2 =19.158,P=0). The recovery rate of quality?control snail breeding sites was 52.56%,38.27%and 73.62%for the three patterns of snail survey,respectively,and the pattern of snail survey in key settings of township and county showed a higher quality for snail survey than that of village?lev?el survey(χ2 =111.597 and 85.991,both P=0). During the period from 2008 to 2013,289 person?times reported 279 sus?pected snail habitats and 1 501 living snails,and no Oncomelania snails were found. During the 6?year period,there were 1617.5,964.7 and 527.7 thousand RMB invested for village?level general survey,village?level sampling survey,and snail sur?vey in key settings of township and county,and the cost of snail survey per hm2 was 129.88,133.6 and 162.57 RMB/hm2,re?spectively. The cost of village?level general survey and snail survey in key settings of township and county to detect a snail?breed?ing site was 808 800 and 88 000 RMB,respectively(t=12.850,P=0.000),and the cost of snail survey in key settings of town?ship and county was 10.88%of that of village?level general survey. Conclusion The snail survey in key settings of township and county is a highly effective and high?quality method for snail surveillance,which may serve as a prior way for the surveil?lance of snail status in the transmission?interrupted areas of schistosomiasis.

Objective To identify the trend of endemic situation among surveillance sites in Jiagsu Province from 2000 to 2002. Methods Twelve schistosomiasis surveillance sites were es-tablished ,and the longitudinal, surveillance was carried out. Results The related index of snail increased in most of surveillance sites, the rates of positive snails rose rapidly in marshlands. The infection rates of Schitosoma janponicum of cattle decreased and infection rates of human were relatively steady. However, there was still the danger of heavy endemic. Conclusion Current control strategies can not effectively adapt to the endemic situation of schistosomiasis, although which have some effects on control of morbidity. We need to study the new characteristics and rule of the endemic of schistosomiasis, and make out more effective control strategies which can suit with the current society, economies and nature environment.

Objective To evaluate the eff ec t of snail control with niclosamide ethanolamine salt dustable powder (DP) in th e marshland of the Yangtze River ahead of the schedule in spring, and to underst and the impact of the low temperature to molluscicidal effect of the dusting. Methods The snail control test with niclosamide ethanolamine salt dustable powder was carried out under different te mperatures in laboratory. Then the snail control was undertaken in the marshland of the Yangtze River ahead of the schedule in spring, and the molluscicidal ef fect was observed and the temperature changes were also considered. Results When the temperature was 15 ℃ and 25 ℃ respectively, there was no significant difference on the molluscicidal effec t of niclosamide ethanolamine salt DP in laboratory. The average atmosphere temp erature in each day was 8.9-16.3 ℃ from the last ten-day of March to the fir st ten-day of April in Nanjing regions. The corrected mortality of snails and the r educed rates of density of snails were 95.38% and 99.97% respectively on the s ur face of the soil in the marshland field. The corrected mortality and the reduced rates of density of snails were 79.30% and 70.59% respectively in the surface l ayer of the soil. Conclusion The impact of air t emperature is little to the molluscicidal effect of niclosamide ethanolamine sal t DP when the average atmosphere temperature in each day was 10-15 ℃ in the ma r shland of the Yangtze River. If the snail control is undertaken ahead of the sch edule in spring, the reproduction of snails will be suppressed and the infection of Schistosma japonicum will be controlled. [

Objective To determine the de ve lopmental zero and effective accumulated temperature of Oncomela nia eggs under con stant temperature. Methods The eggs were cultur ed under different constant temperature, and their development duration and effe ctive accumulated temperature were studied. The zero accumulated temperature (℃ ) was obtained by using an estimation mode, and the effective accumulated temp erature was obtained by effective accumulated mode of K=N(T-C). [WT5”H Z] Results The average development duration was (27.29?17 .2 9) d under 15-30 ℃, the development zero temperature was 11.79 ℃ and 38.22 ℃ u nder low and high temperature respectively, and the average development temperat ure and effective accumulated temperature were (557.76?198.95) DD and(236 .02 ?68.20) DD.Conclusion The suitable developme nt temperature of eggs is 27 ℃, the development speed and effective accumulated t e mperature of eggs increases with the temperature under given condition, but too high temperature may have negative impact on the development of eggs. The resul t can be considered as the basic biological parameter of the snail.

Objective To analyze the mutations of causal genes in sixteen Chinese patients with suspicious Bartter syndrome,and follow up their treatment results.Methods Mutations were identified by the next generation sequencing and the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).Clinical and biochemical features at the first presentation as well as follow-up results were reviewed.Results 15 different CLCNKB gene mutations were identified in sixteen patients with BS,including 11 novel ones.A novel missense mutation and a novel small deletion were found from SLC12A1 gene.A novel gross deletion was found in CLCNKA gene.A recurrent missense mutation was identified from BSND gene.The whole gene deletion mutation of CLCNKB gene was the most frequent mutation (32％),and the rate of gross deletion was up to 50 percent in this group of Chinese patients.The most common clinical manifestations were development retardation (15/16),polydipsia and polyuria (15/16).All of the patients were detected with hypokalemia,hypochloremia and metabolic alkalosis.Indomethacin treatment had significant improvement to the stature and weight restoration.Conclusion The present study has found 19 mutations,including 14 novel ones,which enriches the human gene mutation database (HGMD) and provides valuable references to the genetic counseling and diagnosis of Chinese population.

Objective To explore the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis cases and Oncomelania snails in the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi with the assistance of geographic information systems (GIS). Methods Epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in recent 20 years were collected, and the relevant GIS databases were established. The spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out with ArcView 3\^x, S\|Plus, and Spatial Statistics software. Results Except for schistosomiasis cases in Jiangsu, the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis cases and Oncomelania snails in the three provinces were fitted to the spatial autocorrelation at a certain degree. Generally the autocorrelation coefficients (Moran′s I) in Oncomelania snails were higher than that in schistosomiasis cases. Conclusion Spatial autocorrelation analysis can be used to estimate the value of one variable in different spatial position, and it is a good way to find out the spatial cluster distribution in different stages.