Objective To understand postoperative experience for patients with relapsed bladder tumor and analyze its influence factors in order to supply references of postoperative nursing for nurses. Methods Patients with relapsed bladder tumot(10 cases) were interviewed and the obtained results underwent analysis and finishing thematically. Results Factors influencing postoperative experience included education haekground,whether having faith and hobbies or not,the disease,medical charge and pressure of future life.The supporting system came from family,group and society. Conclusions Nurses should strengthen mental care and health education based on patients' specific circumstances in order to improve postoperative quality of life.

OBEJECTIVE Gecko has been clinically used in China for many years. It has been proved that the gecko polypeptide mixture(GPM)extracted from gecko could inhibit the growth of multiple types of tumor cells.In order to investigate the possible anti-tumor molecular mechanisms of GPM,we used RNA-seq technology to identify the differentially expressed genes of human hepatocellular carci-noma(HCC)HepG2 cells treated with or without GPM.METHODS The HepG2 cells were treated with different concentration of GPM(0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 mg·mL-1)for 6 h,12 h and 24 h,respectively.MTT assay was used to detect the viability of HepG2 cells. DAPI fluorescence staining was performed to observe nucleus morphological changes of HepG2 cells.Western blot analysis was applied to observe the expres-sion of apoptosis- related proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs)-related proteins in HepG2 cells.Flow cytometry was also applied to detect reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation.In this report, we showed that GPM could induce HepG2 cells apoptosis and influence HepG2 cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.We applied many analysis methods,including differentially expressed genes analysis,Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis,KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,protein-protein interaction network analysis to screen out possible molecular mechanisms.RESULTS ER-nucleus signaling pathway, cellular response to stress and apoptotic processes were identified the potential anti-cancer molecular biological process of GPM.GPM may also induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. The GPM could induce ROS generation and up-regulate ERs-related proteins. CONCLUSION The present study revealed the potential anti-tumor mechanism of GPM.

BACKGROUNDMast cells are implicated in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is associated with the activation of the "neural-immune" system. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells in the remodeling of cholinergic and peptidergic neurotransmitters induced by acute cold restriction stress (ACRS) post infection (PI) using mast cell deficient rats (Ws/Ws) and their wild-type controls (+/+).

METHODSTransient intestinal infection was initiated by giving 1500 Trichinella spiralis (T.S.) larvae by gavage. ACRS was induced for 2 hours at day 100 PI. Samples of terminal ilea were prepared for H&E staining, mast cell counting and activation and assessment of IL-1beta and IL-10.

RESULTSWhen infected, both strains of rats experienced an acute infectious stage followed by a recovery. Histological scores were significantly higher in infected rats compared with those of the non-infected controls at day 10 PI (10 day-PI vs. control: +/+: 2.75+/-0.17 vs. 0.42+/-0.09; Ws/Ws: 2.67+/-0.67 vs. 0.50+/-0.34; P<0.01). In +/+ rats, post-infection ACRS induced the formation of low-grade inflammation, represented by the imbalance of IL-1beta and IL-10 (IL-1beta: PI+ACRS vs. control: (1812.24+/-561.61) vs. (1275.97+/-410.21) pg/g, P<0.05; IL-10: PI+ACRS vs. control: (251.9+/-39.8) vs. (255.3+/-24.7) pg/g, P>0.05), accompanied by hyperplasia and activation of mast cells (PI+ACRS vs. control: 58.8+/-19.2 vs. 28.0+/-7.6; P<0.01). The balance between acetylcholine (ACh) and substance P (SP) was also disturbed (ACh: PI+ACRS vs. control: (743.94+/-238.72) vs. (1065.68+/-256.46) pg/g, P<0.05; SP: PI+ACRS vs. control: (892.60+/-231.12) vs. (696.61+/-148.61) pg/g, P<0.05). Nevertheless, similar changes of IL-1beta/IL-10 and ACh/SP were not detected in Ws/Ws rats.

CONCLUSIONThe imbalance of ACh/SP, together with the activation of mucosal immunity induced by post-infection ACRS were lacking in mast cell deficient rats, which supports the premise that mast cells play an important role in cholinergic and peptidergic remodeling in the ileum of rats.

Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Intestines ; immunology ; metabolism ; parasitology ; Male ; Mast Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Trichinella spiralis ; physiology ; Trichinellosis ; immunology

Objective To investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of Gecko peptides mixture (GPM) and research to human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells on autophagy with GPM.Methods SMMC7721 cells were put into plates in its logarithmic phase,and they were treated with different concentration of GPM (0,0.04,0.06,0.09,0.14,0.20,0.30,0.45 mg · mL-1) for 24 h,and then detected corresponding indicators with respective methods.The viability of SMMC7721 cells was detected with 3-(4,5-dimethyl2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT).The concentration of normal group,GPM low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose experimental groups was separately 0,0.1,0.15,0.22 mg · mL-1,according to the results of MTT.Rapamycin was chosen as the positive control drug,which concentration was 40 μg · mL-1.The autophagy of different concentration GPM on SMMC7721 cells was detected by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining.Expression levels of Beclin1 and LC3 in SMMC7721 cells were measured by immunohistochemical method and Western blot assay.Results GPM could significantly inhibit the proliferation of SMMC7721 cells in a dose -dependent manner,and the IC50value was 0.16 mg · mL-1 for 24 h.MDC staining showed that there are plenty of autophagosome in cytoplasm,emerging bright green fluorescent in the fluorescence microscope after treatment with GPM for 6 h.The percentage number of positive cells of total cells number in normal group,control group,GPM low,middle and high-dose experimental groups were (15.70 ± 0.26)％,(63.47 ± 0.54)％,(17.09 ± 0.37)％,(70.66 ±0.56) ％,(78.48 ±0.68) ％,respectively.Compared with the normal group,control group,GPM middle and high-dose experimental groups increased,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The indicators of LC3 in that five groups were (35.84 ± 0.36) ％,(82.41 ± 0.82) ％,(60.83 ± 0.61) ％,(69.66 ± 0.70) ％,(74.61 ± 0.75) ％,respectively.The differences between each group and normal group were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The grayscale average ratio of Beclin1 and β actin in normal group,control group,GPM low,middle and high-dose experimental groups were (6.87 ± 0.68) ％,(11.26 ± 0.87) ％,(6.46 ± 1.34) ％,(11.58 ± 0.95) ％,(15.82 ± 1.58)％,respectively.Compared with the normal group,control group,GPM middle and high-dose experimental groups increased,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The indicators of LC3 Ⅱ and βactin in that five groups were (26.70 ± 0.41) ％,(103.17 0.88) ％,(30.29 ± 0.52) ％,(36.32 ± 0.52) ％,(64.34 ± 0.48) ％.The differences between each group and normal group were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion GPM could have an effect on the autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells.The possible mechanism may be GPM induced autophagy of SMMC7721 cells,causing cell death ultimately.

OBJECTIVETo seek new effect biomarkers as to evaluating the chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes in coke-oven workers who were exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-eight coke-oven workers and 69 controls were recruited in this study. Nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds were counted as indicators of chromosomal damage in terms of cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test. Occupational history, age, sex, smoking and alcohol using status of all subjects were collected by questionnaire.

RESULTSFrequencies of nucleoplasmic bridge in coke-oven workers were (9.41 +/- 3.73)% per hundred, and the frequencies of nuclear buds were (7.13 +/- 4.01)% per hundred, which were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those of controls (1.88 +/- 1.49)% per hundred and (2.20 +/- 1.73)% per hundred respectively. The dose-effect relationships between nucleoplasmic bridges or nuclear buds and PAHs exposure levels were identified. Compared with male coke-oven workers, female workers had less nucleoplasmic bridges or nuclear buds. No effects of age, smoking and alcohol using were found on nucleoplasmic bridges or nuclear buds among coke-oven workers.

CONCLUSIONNucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds might be effect biomarkers in coke-oven workers.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Cell Nucleus ; Coke ; DNA Damage ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Micronucleus Tests ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; poisoning ; Smoking

Objective:To investigate the related factors that affect the timing and prognosis of early tracheostomy in patients with multiple rib fractures.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on medical data of 222 patients with multiple rib fractures who underwent tracheostomy in Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from February 2013 to October 2019，including 160 males and 66 females，with the age of 18 to 85 years ［（49.5 ± 16.3）years］. According to the practice management guidelines for tracheostomy timing and the use of propensity score matching technology，there were 118 patients with tracheostomy within 7 days of tracheal intubation （early group） and 104 patients with tracheostomy after 7 days of tracheal intubation （late group） before matching，and there were 87 patients in early group and 87 patients in late group after matching. Data were compared between groups including the gender，age，underlying disease，injury severity score （ISS），Glasgow coma score （GCS），number of fractured ribs，total number of rib fractures （NTRF），first rib fracture，flail chest，traumatic brain injury，combined injuries （spine，maxillofacial，sternum），acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS），volume fraction of pulmonary contusion（VPC），blood lactic acid （within 24 hours of admission），hemothorax，pneumothorax，mechanical ventilation time，duration of tracheostomy，time from tracheal intubation to incision，length of hospital stay，length of stay in ICU，closed thoracic drainage，number of fiberoptic bronchoscopy，multi-drug resistant bacteria infection，ventilator-associated pneumonia，antibiotic use time，duration of sedative and analgesic drugs used and 28-day mortality. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to predict independent risk factors for early tracheostomy. The Pearson method was used to compare the relationship between multiple factors. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to predict indicators that affect the prognosis of patients with early tracheostomy，and calculate the best cut-off value. The Kaplan-Meier single factor and COX multivariate survival were used to analyze the relevant factors affecting the 28-day mortality of patients.Results:（1） In early group，the NTRF，ARDS and VPC were higher than those in late group，and the time from tracheal intubation to incision and 28-day mortality rate were lower than those in late group （ P < 0.05），while the two groups showed no significant differences in the gender，age，underlying diseases and ISS （ P > 0.05）. （2） The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was statistical significance in NTRF （ OR = 1.775，95% CI 1.439-2.188），ARDS（ OR = 3.740，95% CI 1.441-9.711），VPC （ OR = 1.087，95% CI 1.052-1.124） （ P < 0.05）； the Pearson method analysis showed a significant correlation between VPC and NTRF （ r = 0.369， P < 0.05） and a low degree of correlation between ARDS and VPC （ r = 0.179， P < 0.05），but there was no significant correlation between ARDS and NTRF （ r = 0.132， P > 0.05）. （3） The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of the VPC and NTRF ［AUC = 0.832 （95% CI 0.770-0.893），AUC = 0.804 （95% CI 0.740-0.868）］ were significantly higher than those of the number of rib fractures ［AUC = 0.437（95% CI 0.352-0.523），GCS ［AUC = 0.519 （95% CI 0.432-0.605）］ and ISS ［AUC = 0.484 （95% CI 0.398-0.571）］ （ P < 0.05）. After calculating the Yorden index，the best cut-off value for VPC was 23.9，and the best cut-off value for NTRF was 8.5. （4） The Kaplan-Meier single factor and multivariate COX model survival analysis showed that the 28-day survival ratio of patients with early tracheostomy was significantly better than that of late tracheostomy （ P < 0.05）. Conclusions:The NTRF，ADRS and VPC are independent risk factors for the timing and prognosis of early tracheostomy. There is a significant correlation between VPC and NTRF. The VPC ≥ 23.9% and or NTRF ≥ 8.5 can be used to predict early tracheostomy in patients with multiple rib fractures. Early tracheostomy may benefit the 28-day survival of patients with multiple rib fractures.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Gekko etha-nol extract ( GEE) on the proliferation of C6 glioma cells and explore the possible molecular mechanism. Methods Groups were divided into blank group, control group (0.01 mg·mL-1 5-fluorouracil) and ex-perimental groups (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg·mL-1 GEE).The inhibitory effect of GEE on C6 cells were detected by MTT assay.C6 cells were cultured with GEE for 24 h.The morphologic changes of C6 cells were observed with inverted microscope.The nucleus morphological changes were observed by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining.The ex-pression of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-9 ( caspase-9 ) and apoptosis inducing factor ( AIF ) were detected by Western blot assay. Results GEE significantly inhibited proliferation of C6 cells after 48 h of treatment. The inhibitory rates of five experimental groups were 19.9%, 28.7%, 63.1%, 75.4%, 76.3%, respectively, and there were significant difference compared to that of blank group ( P<0.05 ) . The typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed in treated C6 cells.Result of Western blot showed that GEE induced up-regula-tion of caspase-9 and AIF.Conclusion GEE can inhibit the prolifera-tion and induce apoptosis of C6 cells, which may be associated with the increasing expression of caspase-9 and AIF.

Objective To investigate the inhibit proliferation effect of Gecko crude peptide (GCP)on human esophageal carcinoma KYSE450 cells in vitro and to explore its mechanism.Methods KYSE450 cells were put into plates in its logarithmic phase,and they were treated with different concentration (0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30,0.35,0.4,0.45,0.50,0.55,0.6 mg · mL-1) of GCP for 24,48,72 h,and then detected corresponding indicators with respective methods.The viability of KYSE450 cells was detected with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT').The concentration of blank group(GCP:0),low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose experimental groups(GCP:0.10,0.15,0.22 mg · mL-1)groups were separately,according to the results of MTT.Adriamycin was chosen as the control drug,which concentration was 10 μg · mL-1.After treatment with GCP,the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bel-2 associated X protein (Bax),cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3),cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-9 (Caspase-9) proteins in KYSE450 cells were observed by Western blot.Results The GCP significantly inhibited proliferation of KYSF450 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manners.After treatment of GCP for 24,48,72 h,the 50％ inhibitory dose (IC50) values were 0.32,0.28,0.24 mg · mL-1,respectively.The Bax and Bcl-2 grayscale average ratio in blank group,low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose experimental groups,control group were (23.83 ± 0.07)％,(51.08 ± 0.78)％,(148.26 ± 6.19) ％,(329.33 ± 4.44) ％,(115.84 ± 0.26) ％.The Caspase-9 and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) grayscale average ratio in above five groups were (14.81 ± 1.05) ％,(20.91 ± 1.24) ％,(39.61 ± 1.89) ％,(43.68 ± 1.13) ％,(39.82 ± 0.69) ％.The Caspase-3 and GAPDH grayscale average ratio in above five groups were (6.37 ±0.51)％,(10.97 ± 0.50)％,(13.44 ± 0.49)％,(17.03 ±0.49)％,(8.63 ± 0.42) ％.Compared with blank group,the differences in drugs groups were significantly (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01) Conclusion GCP can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of KYSE450 cells,which may be associated with a Caspase-dependent manner in KYSE450 cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of Gecko polypeptide mixture (GPM) on the proliferation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.Methods The HepG2 cells were treated with differentconcentration of GPM(0,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30,0.35,0.40,0.45 mg · mL-1) for 24 h,and then corresponding indicators were detected with respective methods.The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTF) assay was used to detect the viability of HepG2 cells.The concentration of blank group,GPM low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose experimental groups was respectively 0,0.1,0.2,0.3 mg · mL-1,according to the results of MTT.5-Fluorouracil was chosen as the positive control drug,which concentration was 10 μg · mL-1.Western blot analysis was applied to observe the expression of ERS-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins in HepG2 cells.Results The GPM could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manners.After treatment of GPM for 24,48,72 h,the 50％ inhibitory dose (IC50) values were 0.27,0.23,0.20 mg · mL-1.Compared with the normal group,the proteins expression levels of double-strand RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK),glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78),activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4),C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and apoptosis-related poly-ADP-ribos polymerase (PARP),cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) were significantly up-regulated after treatment of GPM in vitro (P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).PERK and GAPDH grayscale average ratio in normal group,control group,and three concentration experimantal groups were (4.31 ±0.81) ×10-2,(8.92±0.91) ×10-2,(20.73±0.97) ×10-2,(24.04±0.95) ×10-2,(11.65±1.67) × 10-2;GRP78 and GAPDH grayscale average ratio in the five groups were (27.99 ±2.36) × 10-2,(35.58 ± 1.02) × 10-2,(42.55 ± 1.19) × 10-2,(54.91 ± 1.20) × 10-2,(7.31 ± 1.01) × 10-2;ATF4 and GAPDH grayscale average ratio in the five groups were (20.82 ± 1.42) × 10-2,(39.60 ± 0.56) × 10-2,(52.02 ± 1.83) × 10-2,(73.39 ± 1.83) × 10-2,(18.13 ± 2.28) × 10-2;CHOP and GAPDH grayscale average ratio in the five groups were (8.71 ±0.76) × 10-2,(11.27 ± 1.07) × 10-2,(41.29 ± 1.36) × 10-2,(48.55 ± 1.37) × 10-2,(33.01 ±3.95) × 10-2;PARP and GAPDH grayscale average ratio in the five groups were (13.06 ± 2.88) × 10-2,(36.79 ± 2.10) × 10-2,(58.72 ± 1.53) × 10-2,(67.61 ± 1.68) × 10-2,(34.88 ± 2.02) × 10-2;C aspase-3 and GAPDH grayscale average ratio in the five groups were (5.92 ±0.33) × 10-2,(14.71 ±1.11) × 10-2,(17.58±1.33) × 10-2,(35.41 ±2.91) × 10-2,(5.94 ± 1.61) × 10-2.Compared with the normal group,the expression levels of GRP78,ATF4,CHOP in the four groups were significantly up-regulated (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion GPM can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells,which may be associated with inducing the HepG2 cells endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gecko active components (GACs) on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS),calcium and mitochondrial membrane potential (MTP) in HepG2 cells.Methods The experiment was divided into 4 groups:control group (GACs,0),low,middle and high dose group (0.1,0.2,0.3 mg · mL-1,GACs).The growth inhibitory effect of GACs on HepG2 cells were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level,calcium level,mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level was measured by flow cytometry.Results The results showed that GACs could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manners.After treatment of GACs for 24 h,the 50％ inhibitory dose (IC50) values were 0.21 mg · mL-1.The cell growth inhibition rates of the control group,low-,middle-and high-dose groups were (0.07 ±0.01)％,(0.17 ±0.03)％,(0.49 ±0.12)％ and (0.67 ± 0.18) ％,respectively;the ROS levels of control group,low-,middle-and high-dose groups were (16.61 ± 1.12),(85.81 ±2.56),(268.91 ±2.34),(1741.5 ±5.64);the calcium levels of control group,low,middle and high-dose groups were (9.67 ±O.98),(12.30 ± 1.07),(94.80 ± 2.75),(910.99 ± 5.31);the MMP levels of control group,low-,middle-and high-dose groups were (27.02±1.8) ×10-2,(23.78 ±1.2) ×10-2,(18.27 ±1.5) ×10-2,(16.49 ±2.1) × 10-2,and significant differences were found in the above indexes between low/middle/high dose group and the control group(P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).Conclusion GACs can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells,which may cause the increase of ROS content and calcium level and the decrease of MMP,and disrupt the normal function of mitochondria,eventually leading to the apoptosis of HepG2 cells.