Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine preconditioning on the expression of induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)mRNA after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)in patients with congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods Thirty-six patients with atrial or ventrieular septal defect were randomly allocated to 3 groups(n=12):control group and ketamine preconditioning group(K1 group,K2 group).Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg,were injected at the time of sternum splitted,aorta intubated and before 5 minutes of aorta clamped off intravenously.Collected the myocardium at the time of superior vena cava intubated(T1),30 minutes after aorta clamped on(T2)and 30 minutes after aorta clamped off(T3).Detected the value of iNOS mRNA in myocardium by one-step real time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.Results The levels of iNOS mRNA were significantly increased at T2 and T3 as compared with T1 in the three groups,and were significantly lower both in K1 group(2.33±0.31,3.76±0.61)and K2 group(1.92±0.12,3.12±0.39)than those in control group(2.85±0.48,4.49±0.86)(P＜0.01 or ＜0.05).Furthermore,they were lower in K2 group than those in K1 group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ketamine can significantly decrease iNOS mRNA in myocardium,and decrease the plasma marker of cardiac muscle injury,it shows dose dependent.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of pretreatment with low-dose ketamine on intestinal mueosa against ischemia-reperfasion injury (I/R) and the underlying mechanism. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats weighing 230-270 g were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 8 each) : group Ⅰ sham operation (S) ;group Ⅱ ketamine + sham operation (KS);group Ⅲ l/R;group Ⅳ ketamine + I/R (K);groupⅤ ketamine + ZnPPⅨ + I/R (KZ) and group Ⅵ ZnPPⅨ + I/R. Ketaminc 10 mg/kg and/or ZnPPⅨ 5 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before I/R in group Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ. Intestinal I/R was produced by clamping of superior mesentery artery for 1 h followed by 6 h reperfusion. The animals were then killed and a segment of small intestine of 2 cm in length at about 10 cm from ileocecal valve was removed for determination of MDA content and SOD activity, HO-1 and iNOS expression and histological examination. The degree of intestinal tissue damage was graded using Chiu's scoring system (0 = normal, 5 = severe damage-exfoliation of villi, disruption of proper lamina, bleeding and ulceration). Results Intestinal MDA content was significantly increased, SOD activity was decreased and HO-1 and iNOS expression was significantly up-regulated by I/R (group Ⅲ) as compared with group Ⅰ and Ⅱ . Ketamine pretreatment significantly attenuated I/R-induced increase in MDA content and decrease in SOD activity and the protective effects of ketamine against I/R were counteracted by concomitant asministration of ZnPPⅨ. Microscopic examination showed that the pathological changes induced by I/R were significantly attenuated by ketamine and the protective effects of ketamine pretreatment against I/R were reversed by ZnPPⅨ in group Ⅴ. Conclusion Low-dose ketamine pretreatment can significantly ameliorate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and up-regulation of intestinal HO-1 expression and down-regulation of iNOS are involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the clinical values of(M-slice computed tomography coronary angiography(CTCA) in contrast to conventional coronary angiography(CCA).Methods Assessment of the major and minor branches of coronary arteries by 64-Slice CTCA,showed the information of 100 patients with 64-slice CTCA,comparing with CCA regarded as the golden standard recently implemented.Results Among the 100 patients,920 coronary arteries were evaluated with 370 lesions found.Of them ,348 lesions were consisted with CCA,22 lesions were falsely positive and 10 lesions were found by CCA not picked up by 64-slice CTCA.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predict values and negative predict values were 97.2% ,96%,94% and 98.1% respectively for the detection of coronary artery disease(CAD),Further statistical analysis using a 2-related X~2 test showed no obvious difference in the discovery of CAD between 64-slice CTCA and CCA.Comparing both imaging modalities,there was concordance in assessing lesion severity in 311 lesions,and accuracy approaches 86.8%.Conclusions 64-slice CTCA has excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting CAD,and also can give fairly accurate assessment of stenosis severity in most patients as compared to CCA.As a alternative method it is a useful non-invasive for detecting coronary arteries disease in symptomatic patients

Objective To observe the changes of plasma renin activity (PRA)in cirrhotic patients with ascites after portacaval shunt. Method Portal vein, artery,and peripheral vein PRA levels were measured in 16 cirrhotic patients with ascites during perioperative period of portacaval shunt. Results were compared with that in 16 cases of GI tract carcinoma.Results Z] (1)Measured at postshunt day 7,the portal venous pressure (PVP) was significantly lower than that preoperatively〔(26?4)?cm?H 2O vs. (36?4)?cm?H 2O, P

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of combined gene transfection with p53,p16 and p21 on the growth of human liver cancer cell lines.MethodsAfter transducing adeno associated virus(AAV) mediated p53, p16 or/and p21 genes to human hepatic carcinoma cell lines HLE,HepG2,QGY 7701,QGY 7703,BEL 7402,SMMC 7721, gene expression and tumor inhibition were studied in vitro and in BALB/c mouse model.ResultsAdeno associated virus mediated p53, p16 or p21 encoding gene could express in BEL 7402 cell line. Each individual type of recombinant AAV effected a significant induction of tumor cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, the rate of apoptotic cells in vitro is about 30% and that of tumor growth inhibition is about 30～44%. And the apoptosis inducing efficiency was the highest after the tumor cell line was transfected by three recombinant AAV simultaneously, with a rate of 56% (in vitro) and 65% (in vivo).ConclusionNot only could all of the exogenous wild type p53, p16 and p21 genes mediated by AAV inhibit the growth of liver cancer cell lines, but also can the efficiency be significantly elevated by combined gene transfection.

Patients with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) positive peptic ulcer were randomly treated with Hp-killing or Hp-nonkilling anti-ulcer drugs, and 19 patients with healed peptic ulcer were followed up to determine the relapse rate of peptic ulcer. It was found that there was a close relationship between Hp infection and the existence of active chronic gastritis, and the clearance of Hp infection could not alleviate the activity of chronic gastritis or influence the 3-week healing rate of peptic ulcer. The relapse rate of the Hp-positive ulcer patients was higher than those Hp-negative cases.

A generator has been designed to generate simulating underpressure of blast wave and applied for the study of underpressure injuries on animals.The generator is composed of a vacuum pump,a hypotcnsive chamber,an experimental chamber,a membrane-rupturing device and a pressure-measuring system.Its operating principle is as follows:When the pressure of the hypotensive chamber is being decreased by the drawing of the vacuum pump to a given level .the membrane separating the hypotensive chamber and the experimental chamber is rapidly perforated by a sharp pointer.Underpressure occurs in the experimental chamber where the animal is fixed as soon as the pressure changes instantaneously.The range of the physical parameters of the simulated underpressure are -13 to -90 kPa for the peak level,1 ms to 90 ms for the decreasing time,and 14 ms to 2000 ms for the duration.Animal experimentation revealed that this device is capable of inflicting injuries and verified the possibility that the underpressure of blast waves can result in injuries.

Objective To understand the situation of medication treatment in out-patients with hypertension.Method 1 210 out-patients with hypertension were investigated by ourselves-made questionnaire on their medication treatment at home.Results In all of the patients,there was only 30.74% of them persisting in taking regular medication.The control rate on blood pressure was 70.96% in patients with regular taking medication and 28.99% in patients with irregular taking medication.The rates of regular taking medication in goverment staff,teachers and retirees were higher.The compliance with medication treatment was increased with the age.There was 79.83% of patients discontinued to take medication after 3-6 months of medication treatment.Conclusion The situation of medication treatment in outpatients is less optimistic.We should strengthen the blood pressure controll in outpatients of the young aged,workers and peasants.

Objective: To investigate the effect of orthodontic and surgical treatments of skeletal crossbite on the electromyographic activity of human masticatory muscles. Methods: Electromyogram was used to test the changes of the electromyographic activity of masseter muscles, temporal anterior and diagastric anterior in 20 patients with skeletal crossbite before and after treatments. Results: Orthodontic and surgical treatments showed different effect on the activity of masseter muscle, temporal anterior and diagastric anterior. The change of the activity of the masseter muscle was the most significant among them. But, during chewing the masseter muscle was less active after treatments. Conclusion: Abnormal activity of the masticatory muscles can be partly corrected by the orthodontic and surgical treatments. The treatments cannot fully recover the function of the masseter muscle.

Objective To study the determining method of trace amounts of Pb?Cd in nature water body. Methods Pb, Cd in nature water body were concentrated by on-line chelate resin, and concentration was determined by concentration-AAS. Results The Pb and Cd detection limit of the present method were 0.500,0.02 ?g/L respectively, RSD were 2.3%,1.7% respectively and the rates of recovery were 94%-104.4%. Conclusion Using on-line chelate resin concentration technic and atom absorption,the sensitivity will increase two order of magnitudes compared to concentration FAAS,the precision will be better than that of GAAS. The present method can be used for quick determination of trace Pb?Cd in nature water body.