Thladiantha dubia Bunge is a traditional Chinese medicine in Manzu region applied in the treatment of pain in waist and leg, or strain in lumbar without adverse reaction. By referring to the relative literatures on Thladiantha dubia Bunge from home and abroad, the study progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of Thladiantha dubia Bunge in the recent 30 years were reviewed to lay foundation for the reasonable exploitation and utilization of Thladiantha dubia Bunge.

Ephedrae Radix Et Rhizoma is a traditional Chinese medicine, and the effect of antiperspirant has been recorded in books on Chinese medicines in all dynasties. By referring the relative literatures on Ephedrae Radix Et Rhizoma from home and abroad, the study progress in the chemical constituents, pharmacological actions and clinical application of Ephedrae Radix Et Rhizoma in the latest 40 years were reviewed to lay foundation for the reasonable exploitation and utilization of Ephedrae Radix Et Rhizoma.

Objective To evaluate effects of glucocorticoids on maxillary bone mineral density in rats with acute adriamycin-induced nephrotoxicity (ADR). Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups, control group, glucocorticoids- treated group, ADR group and ADR + glucocorticoids- treated group. ADR group and ADR +glucocorticoids-treated group were given 4 mg/kg adriamycin injection via tail vein to establish ADR model. Control group and glucocorticoids-treated group were given 4 mg/kg saline injection via tail vein. After establishment of ADR model, glucocorticoids-treated group and ADR + glucocorticoids-treated group were intragastric administration of 30 mg/(kg · d) methylprednisolone for 10 weeks, and control group and ADR group were given the same volumes of normal saline. Values of bone calcium pigment (BGP), type Ⅰ collagen, N-terminal pro-peptide (PINP), β-Ⅰ type collagen C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (CTX) were detected by ELISA. The micro-CT scan was used to measure Tb.Th, Tb.Sp, Tb.N, BVF and bone mineral density (BMD). Results Compared with other three groups, the levels of BGP and PINP were significantly decreased, and CTX were significantly increased in ADR + glucocorticoids-treated group (P<0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that there was significant maxillae osteoporosis, including changes of porous micro architecture, lower BMD, decreased BVF, lower Tb.Th and widening Tb.Sp in ADR + glucocorticoids-treated group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Tb.N between four groups. Conclusion There is imbalanced bone metabolism in rat model of ADR. High-dose hormone therapy can accelerate the occurrence of osteoporosis, decrease bone metabolism, and affect bone structure.

Objective To investigate the local or systemic effects of initial periodontal therapy on peritoneal dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease and periodontitis. Methods Sixty-one patients with both periodontitis and regular peritoneal dialysis were selected in this study and were randomly divided into observation group (n=31) and control group (n=30). Patients in observation group were given periodontal initial therapy (ultrasonic supragingival scaling and ultrasonic subgingival irrigation, drug, root planing, oral health education) and peritoneal dialysis treatment. Patients in control group were given only peritoneal dialysis treatment. Clinical parameters including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) were detected before and one month after treatment in two groups. The concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in gingival sulcus fluid and serum samples were measured by immune transmission turbidity method in two groups. Results There were no significant differences in PLI, GI, PD, hs-CRP of gingival sulcus fluid, and serum hs-CRP before treatment between the two groups. After one-month initial therapy, all the indexes were decreased in observation group, which were significantly different compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). And all the indexes were significantly lower in observation group than those of control group. There were no significant differences in PLI, PD, GI, hs-CRP of gingival sulcus fluid, and serum hs-CRP between control group and observation group before treatment. Conclusion Periodontal initial treatment can improve the periodontal inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease, and reduce the concentration of systemic inflammatory factor hs-CRP, decreasing the risk of infection.

Objective:To compare and analyze the effects of total laparoscopic wedge resection and lobectomy in the treatment of stage ⅠA non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used to collect 113 cases of stage IA NSCLC treated with total endoscopic surgery in Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University from January 2018 to January 2020. The clinical data of patients with NSCLC, including 69 males and 44 females. The age was (65.65±5.19) years old. According to the different surgical methods, they were divided into two groups: wedge resection group ( n=57) and lobectomy group ( n=56). The wedge resection group underwent total laparoscopic and the lobectomy group underwent total laparoscopic lobectomy. The operation related indexes(operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time, postoperative drainage volume, number of lymph node dissection, first time to get out of bed after operation, first time to exhaust after operation, first time to defecation after operation and hospitalization time), lung function before and after operation [forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1), forced vital capacity(FVC), maximum expiratory flow(PEF), maximum ventilation volume (MVV)], complications and prognosis were collected between the two groups. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s). Independent t-test was used for comparison between groups, and paired sample t-test was used for comparison within groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of enumeration data between groups. If there were two expected counts < 5, the continuous correction chi-square test was used. Multiple time points were compared using repeated measures one-way analysis of variance. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the survival of the two groups of patients, and Log-Rank test was used to test the survival difference. Results:The postoperative drainage time, postoperative drainage volume, the first time to get out of bed, the first exhaust time and hospitalization time in the pulmonary wedge resection group were(3.25±0.76) d, (218.77±15.93) mL, (18.86±3.51) h, (19.25±2.35) h, (9.23±1.65) d, and those in the lobectomy group were (5.09±1.21) d, (359.74±19.55) mL, (21.55±4.27) h, (22.02±2.85) h, (13.96±3.21) d. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Both groups showed a decrease in FEV1, FVC, PEF and MVV volume at 3 months and 1 year after surgery, but the above indicators increased at 1 year after surgery compared to 3 months after surgery in the lobectomy group ( P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in FEV1, FVC, PEF and MVV between the two groups before and 1 year after surgery ( P>0.05). However, FEV1, FVC, PEF and MVV in the wedge resection group were higher than those in the lobectomy group at 3 months after operation ( P<0.05). After 3 years of follow-up, the recurrence-free survival rate and overall survival rate of the wedge resection group were 84.2%, 86.0%, and those of the lobectomy group were 98.2%, 98.2%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The safety of the two surgical methods for treating stage ⅠA NSCLC is comparable. Compared to patients undergoing lobectomy, lung wedge resection has a better short-term prognosis, reduces postoperative drainage, promotes postoperative recovery, and has a relatively small impact on short-term lung function. However, in terms of long-term prognosis, total laparoscopic lobectomy can achieve a relatively ideal survival prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of continuous blood purification(CBP) in the treatment of severe sepsis in children.Methods:A total of 42 patients with severe sepsis were enrolled in the study.According to the parents undefined desire to treatment, on the basis of the same treatment condition, 30 cases in the blood purification group were treated with CBP, and 12 cases in the control group were given the routine treatment without CBP treatment.The difference of each index between the two groups at the baseline(before treatment) and 72 hours after treatment were observed.Results:The differences of heart rate, mean arterial pressure and brain natriuretic peptide before and after treatment in the blood purification group were significantly higher than those in control group( P<0.05), and the differences of oxygenation index, 24-hour average urine volume, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and Glasgow coma score in the blood purification group were significantly higher than those in control group( P<0.05). The difference of capillary refill time, lactic acid and central venous oxygen saturation in blood purification group were significantly higher than those in control group( P<0.05). The level of white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and interleukin-6 in blood purification group were significantly higher than those in control group, with all significant difference( P<0.05). There was significant difference in critical illness score between two groups after treatment and before treatment.The mortality rate of the blood purification group was significantly lower than that in control group( P<0.01). Conclusion:CBP can improve cardiovascular function, brain function, renal function, tissue perfusion, inflammation index, internal environment, and improve the score of children with severe sepsis.

Objective:To determine the optimal irradiation energy and frequency for the establishment of melasma mouse model using simple ultraviolet irradiation, and to provide guidance on animal strains and irradiation protocols for the successful establishment of melasma model.Methods:Animal models of melasma were established using BALB/c female mice and C57BL/6JNifdc female mice. BALB/c female mice were divided into 4 groups using a simple randomization method: A, B, C and G, with 5 mice in each group. C57BL/6JNifdc female mice were divided into 4 groups: D, E, F and H, with 5 mice in each group. All mice were irradiated with 8.428 mW/cm 2 of ultraviolet light. The irradiation time was 15 s (single irradiation energy of 0.13 J/cm 2) in groups A and D, 15 min (single irradiation energy of 7.59 J/cm 2) in groups B and E, and 30 min (single irradiation energy of 15.17 J/cm 2) in groups C and F. Each cycle consisted of 5 consecutive days of irradiation followed by 2 days of cessation, totaling 4 cycles of irradiation. Groups G and H were not irradiated. At the end of irradiation, all mice were kept under normal conditions. One week later, 3 mice from each group were selected for HE, Masson-Fontana, Masson, and immunohistochemical staining. Quantitative analysis was performed to measure the thickness of the acanthocyte layer, melanin granules, collagen percentage, and interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels. The remaining mice were kept for an additional week, depilated and photographed to observe the changes in coloration. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 software, measurement data that did not conform to normal distribution were represented by M( Q1, Q3) and comparisons between groups were made using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Results:During the entire irradiation process, no visible discoloration was observed in the BALB/c female mice in all groups. In contrast, varying sizes of discoloration appeared in the C57BL/6JNifdc female mice in groups D, E, and F after irradiation in the second week. However, by the third week, the discoloration in group D gradually disappeared, while the discoloration in group E was more obvious than before. At the same time, group F exhibited significant discoloration, with some mice exhibited signs of skin peeling, burning and breakage on their backs. After the 4th week of irradiation, no new discoloration was formed in group D. The discoloration was more obvious in group E, and most mice in group F showed skin burn breakage. Two weeks after the completion of irradiation, there was no obvious discoloration on the dorsal skin of BALB/c female mice in all groups. In C57BL/6JNifdc female mice, group D showed no obvious discoloration, group E exhibited lighter discoloration compared to the 4th week post-irradiation, and group F had crusted skin at the burn sites with lighter discoloration than before. However, the discoloration in groups E and F was still obviously visible to the naked eye. HE staining showed that the difference in the thickness of the echinocyte layer was not statistically significant in groups A, B, C, and G ( H=1.08, P=0.782); whereas the difference was statistically significant in groups D, E, F and H ( H=12.85, P=0.005). The thickness of the echinocyte layer decreased gradually with the extension of the irradiation time. Additionally, there was a disruption in the arrangement of epidermal spindles in group F, and this situation was not observed in groups D and E. Masson-Fontana staining revealed no significant pigmentation in any of the BALB/c female mice. The difference in melanin granule counts between groups A, B, C, and G was not statistically significant ( H=7.77, P=0.051). In contrast, C57BL/6JNifdc female mice exhibited more noticeable pigmentation in the epidermis and dermis in groups E and F. The difference in melanin particle counts among groups D, E, F and H was statistically significant ( H=17.61, P<0.001), with melanin deposition increasing gradually with the duration of irradiation. Masson staining showed that the difference in collagen percentage between groups A, B, C, and G was not statistically significant ( H=7.26, P=0.064). However, significant disorganization of fibers and a loose structure were observed in groups E and F. The difference in collagen percentage between groups D, E, F, and H was statistically significant ( H=8.65, P=0.034). Immunohistochemical results showed that the difference in IL-1 expression levels between groups A, B, C, and G was statistically significant ( H=17.86, P<0.001); also between groups D, E, F, and H was statistically significant ( H=14.19, P=0.003), suggesting that ultraviolet irradiation stimulated an inflammatory response in the skin of mice. Conclusion:BALB/c female mice are not suitable for melasma models under the frequency and duration of irradiation in this experiment. C57BL/6JNifdc female mice are irradiated with a single irradiation energy dose of 7.59 J/cm 2 five days a week for 4 weeks, which can establish stable animal models of melasma with a specific level of pigmentation that persisted for at least 2 weeks.

Objective:To determine the optimal irradiation energy and frequency for the establishment of melasma mouse model using simple ultraviolet irradiation, and to provide guidance on animal strains and irradiation protocols for the successful establishment of melasma model.Methods:Animal models of melasma were established using BALB/c female mice and C57BL/6JNifdc female mice. BALB/c female mice were divided into 4 groups using a simple randomization method: A, B, C and G, with 5 mice in each group. C57BL/6JNifdc female mice were divided into 4 groups: D, E, F and H, with 5 mice in each group. All mice were irradiated with 8.428 mW/cm 2 of ultraviolet light. The irradiation time was 15 s (single irradiation energy of 0.13 J/cm 2) in groups A and D, 15 min (single irradiation energy of 7.59 J/cm 2) in groups B and E, and 30 min (single irradiation energy of 15.17 J/cm 2) in groups C and F. Each cycle consisted of 5 consecutive days of irradiation followed by 2 days of cessation, totaling 4 cycles of irradiation. Groups G and H were not irradiated. At the end of irradiation, all mice were kept under normal conditions. One week later, 3 mice from each group were selected for HE, Masson-Fontana, Masson, and immunohistochemical staining. Quantitative analysis was performed to measure the thickness of the acanthocyte layer, melanin granules, collagen percentage, and interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels. The remaining mice were kept for an additional week, depilated and photographed to observe the changes in coloration. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 software, measurement data that did not conform to normal distribution were represented by M( Q1, Q3) and comparisons between groups were made using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Results:During the entire irradiation process, no visible discoloration was observed in the BALB/c female mice in all groups. In contrast, varying sizes of discoloration appeared in the C57BL/6JNifdc female mice in groups D, E, and F after irradiation in the second week. However, by the third week, the discoloration in group D gradually disappeared, while the discoloration in group E was more obvious than before. At the same time, group F exhibited significant discoloration, with some mice exhibited signs of skin peeling, burning and breakage on their backs. After the 4th week of irradiation, no new discoloration was formed in group D. The discoloration was more obvious in group E, and most mice in group F showed skin burn breakage. Two weeks after the completion of irradiation, there was no obvious discoloration on the dorsal skin of BALB/c female mice in all groups. In C57BL/6JNifdc female mice, group D showed no obvious discoloration, group E exhibited lighter discoloration compared to the 4th week post-irradiation, and group F had crusted skin at the burn sites with lighter discoloration than before. However, the discoloration in groups E and F was still obviously visible to the naked eye. HE staining showed that the difference in the thickness of the echinocyte layer was not statistically significant in groups A, B, C, and G ( H=1.08, P=0.782); whereas the difference was statistically significant in groups D, E, F and H ( H=12.85, P=0.005). The thickness of the echinocyte layer decreased gradually with the extension of the irradiation time. Additionally, there was a disruption in the arrangement of epidermal spindles in group F, and this situation was not observed in groups D and E. Masson-Fontana staining revealed no significant pigmentation in any of the BALB/c female mice. The difference in melanin granule counts between groups A, B, C, and G was not statistically significant ( H=7.77, P=0.051). In contrast, C57BL/6JNifdc female mice exhibited more noticeable pigmentation in the epidermis and dermis in groups E and F. The difference in melanin particle counts among groups D, E, F and H was statistically significant ( H=17.61, P<0.001), with melanin deposition increasing gradually with the duration of irradiation. Masson staining showed that the difference in collagen percentage between groups A, B, C, and G was not statistically significant ( H=7.26, P=0.064). However, significant disorganization of fibers and a loose structure were observed in groups E and F. The difference in collagen percentage between groups D, E, F, and H was statistically significant ( H=8.65, P=0.034). Immunohistochemical results showed that the difference in IL-1 expression levels between groups A, B, C, and G was statistically significant ( H=17.86, P<0.001); also between groups D, E, F, and H was statistically significant ( H=14.19, P=0.003), suggesting that ultraviolet irradiation stimulated an inflammatory response in the skin of mice. Conclusion:BALB/c female mice are not suitable for melasma models under the frequency and duration of irradiation in this experiment. C57BL/6JNifdc female mice are irradiated with a single irradiation energy dose of 7.59 J/cm 2 five days a week for 4 weeks, which can establish stable animal models of melasma with a specific level of pigmentation that persisted for at least 2 weeks.

Objective:To establish a rapid quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique for Mycobacterium marinum skin infections, and to analyze its clinical diagnostic efficiency. Methods:DNA was extracted from Mycobacterium marinum colonies and serially diluted (10 -1 to 10 -8). Twelve pairs of previously reported primers and probes, as well as 6 pairs of newly designed primers and probes in this study, were used for qPCR amplification to identify the most sensitive primers and probes for the detection of Mycobacterium marinum. Skin lesion tissues were collected from 72 patients with confirmed Mycobacterium marinum infections (experimental group) and 68 with other mycobacterial infections (control group) at Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences in 2021. These skin tissues were subjected to qPCR amplification, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), acid-fast staining, and tissue culture to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy. Results:The newly designed primers and probes targeting the mycobacterial enhanced infection locus 2 (Mel2) demonstrated the highest sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.86 copies/μl (cycle threshold value = 37) ; the qPCR amplification with the Mel2 primers/probes did not yield positive results when used for the detection of other mycobacteria (including Mycobacterium leprae and Staphylococcus spp) . Among the 72 patients in the experimental group, 44 were positive for qPCR with a sensitivity of 61.1% (95% CI: 49.6% - 71.5%), and 47 were positive for culture with a sensitivity of 65.2% (95% CI: 53.8% - 75.3%) ; all the 68 controls were negative for both qPCR and culture, with their specificities both being 100%. Among 65 patients subjected to IGRA, 31 were positive with a sensitivity of 47.7% (95% CI: 36.0% - 59.6%), while 16 out of 25 controls were negative for IGRA with a specificity of 64.0% (95% CI: 44.5% - 79.8%). Among 58 patients subjected to acid-fast staining, 37 were positive with a sensitivity of 63.8% (95% CI: 50.9% - 74.9%), and 52 out of 66 controls were negative for acid-fast staining with a specificity of 78.8% (95% CI: 67.5% - 86.9%). The combination of qPCR and culture resulted in a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of Mycobacterium marinum. Conclusion:In this study, a highly sensitive qPCR assay was developed for the detection of Mycobacterium marinum, and its combination with culture could further improve the detection sensitivity.