Vitamin D has a wide range of biological effects mediated through vitamin D receptor(VDR) in body,including regulating calcium-phosphorus metabolism,which has an important influence on normal bone formation and mineralization.Rickets is a common bone metabolic disease in children.Different types of rickets have different causes,but their pathophysiological processes,clinical manifestations and treatments are closely related with the influence of vitamin D and VDR on bone metabolism.

[Summary] Over the past year, researches in the field of gonadal diseases have achieved rapid advances. Considerable literatures concerning the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases have been published. We herely reviewed and analyzed literatures which may be helpful to clinical practice in the future, while the defects and deficiencies in this field in China were also discussed with some suggestions proposed for the future.

[Objective] To observe the clinical effect of digestive ulcer treated with TCM simple somatotype combined with Pantoprazole. [Method] Divide 160 cases into 2 groups;the treatment group 80 cases took TCM simple somatotype combined with Pantoprazole, the control one 80 cases only Pantopra-zole. Both groups had 2 courses, 4w as a course. [Result] Comparing both groups cure effects, the total effective rate was 96.3% for treatment one, and 88.8% for control one, their difference had statistical meaning. [Conclusion] Combination of TCM and WM treating digestive ulcer can improve clinical cure rate and total effective rate, as wel as gastroscope cure rate.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of action in pancreatic cancer BxPC3 cell treated by cerulenin in combination with gemcitabine.Methods BxPC3 cells were cultivated with 10 μg/ml cerulenin,20 μmol/L gemcitabine or 10 μg/ml cerulenin + 20 μmol/L gemcitabine for 48 h,and cells without treatment were control.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay,and early apoptosis was detected by AnnexinV/PI double staining method.The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA were detected by RT-PCR,and the protein level of Bcl-2,Bax were detected by Western Blot.Results The inhibition rate of BxPC3 cells were 0,(51.28 ± 1.84) ％,(53.59 ± 1.62) ％,(84.57 ± 1.01) ％ in control,cerulenin group,gemcitabine group,combination group; and the rate of early apoptosis was (0.83 ± 0.31) ％,(31.37 ± 1.04) ％,(38.33 ± 0.75) ％,(69.43 ± 0.83) ％,and the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was 0.67 ± 0.01,0.44 ±0.01,0.36 ±0.08,0.27 ±0.07,and the expression of Bax mRNA was 0.14 ±0.01,0.31 ± 0.02,0.32 ± 0.03,0.91 ± 0.06 ; while the ratio of Bcl-2 mRNA/Bax mRNA was 4.78 ± 0.13,1.39 ± 0.04,1.15 ± 0.02,0.30 ± 0.02 ; the expression of Bcl-2 protein was 1.24 ± 0.04,0.51 ± 0.02,0.42 ± 0.02,0.13 ±0.01 ; and the expression of Bax protein was 0.20 ± 0.05,0.47 ± 0.01,0.54 ± 0.01,1.21 ± 0.03 ; while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was 6.00 ± 0.11,1.11 ± 0.01,0.77 ± 0.03,0.10 ± 0.06.And the difference among the groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Cerulenin combined with gemcitabin has synergistic effect on the inhibition of BxPC cells proliferation.Its mechanisms may be up-regulation of Bax,down-regulation of Bcl-2,and promoting apoptosis of cells through the decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). belongs to family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus, species A. EV71 infection usually affects subjects aged <5 years. HFMD caused by EV71 infection is usually mild in children. However, in some cases EV71 infection can lead to severe neurogenic disease and even death. EV71 infection has caused epidemic worldwide (especially in the Asia Pacific). HFMD caused by EV71 has become a major public-health prol lem across the Asia Pacific. In EV71 infection, the pathogenesis is determined by viral and host factor, Here, we review research on host susceptibility and how EV71 suppresses immune and intracellular ri
Animals ; Enterovirus A, Human ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; virology ; Humans ; Virulence ; Virus Attachment ; Virus Replication

Hemispatial neglect is a kind of cognitive impairment characterized by failure to report,respond or orient to stimuli presented in ipsi-or contra-lateral space after brain injury,which cannot be attributed to sensory or motor defects.Although there are various diagnosis and assessment methods,none is regarded as standard.The paper and pencil test is commonly used in routine clinical workup.The mechanism is controversial and the most accepted opinion is due to visuospatial attention defect.Imaging study focuses on exploring the functional regions leading to the hemispatial neglect.As functional imaging,SPECT and PET have capability to evaluate the perfusion,glucose metabolism and cellular vitality,which have been found increasingly useful and applicable clinically in the field of diagnosis for cognitive impairment diseases.They are likely to have potential for contribution in the study of hemispatial neglect.

Objective To explore the dosimetric difference between different radiotherapy technologies in the treatment of early peripheral stage non?small ?cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . Methods Four?dimensional computed tomography scans and delineation of target volumes and organs at risk ( OARs) were performed in 5 patients pathologically diagnosed with stage T1/T2 peripheral NSCLC who were admitted from 2014 to 2015. Target volumes contained gross tumor volume (GTV), internal target volume (ITV), and planning target volume (PTV). ITV was contoured on the maximum intensity projection images. PTV was defined as ITV plus a 5 mm margin. OARs contained the heart, lung, esophagus, and spinal cord. The Monaco 5. 0 treatment planning system was used to design three plans. The three?dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) plan had 11 fields in the diseased lung covering the PTV plus a 0. 2 cm margin. The sliding window intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( SW?IMRT ) plan had 9 fields in the same areas as the 3DCRT plan. The volumetric modulated arc therapy ( VMAT) plan had the gantry rotating 180° around the diseased lung. The evaluation criteria referred to the RTOG 0618 trial. Comparison was made by paired t test. Results The SW?IMRT plan had a significantly better homogeneity index than the 3DCRT plan ( 1. 03 vs. 1. 24,P= 0. 017 ) . Compared with the VMAT plan, the mean monitor units in the 3DCRT plan was significantly reduced by 24. 5%( P=0. 022) . The V30 and V40 of the 3DCRT plan were significantly reduced by 29. 4% and 28. 4%, respectively, compared with the SW?IMRT plan ( P=0. 003,0. 006) and 56. 7%and 59. 7%, respectively, compared with the VMAT plan ( P=0. 041,0. 019) . Conclusions 3DCRT may be an appropriate radiotherapy method for early stage NSCLC.

A century ago the Flexner Report facilitated the process of modern medical education reform.Half a century ago,Problem-based learning initiated the student-centered medical education model.At present training medical students' competency will usher in the third reform in medical education.Over 100 years' development and in the global context of current medical education reform,China's medical education has become an important part of the world medical education.Harbin Medical University conducted an all-around reform through international cooperation and received the accreditation referenced according to global standards in medical education,which is an epitome of the medical education reform in China.

Objective:To observe the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine on proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell lines(SKOV3 and 3AO)and on expression of mismatch repair(MMR)genes(hMLH1 and hMSH2)in SKOV3 and 3AO cells.Methods:Human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and 3AO were treated for 3 d with 5-aza-CdR(0.5,5,50 ?mol/L),a specific demethylation agent,and then cultured in RPMI 1640 medium for another 7 d.The cells growth was observed by MTT assay before and after 5-aza-CdR treatment and the cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 mRNA was examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results:5-aza-CdR(0.5,5,50 ?mol/L)obviously inhibited the growth of SKOV3 and 3AO cells compared in a concentration dependent manner.The apoptosis rates of SKOV3 cells were(10.59?1.57)%,(17.52?1.72)%,(34.10?1.45)% after treated with 0.5,5,50 ?mol/L 5-aza-CdR,respectively;and the apoptosis rates of 3AO cells were(11.11?2.21)%,(17.24?1.11)%,and(26.53?2.00)%,respectively,which were all markedly higher than those of control group(P

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Chanhua Junsitifen Capsule(Paecilomyces cicadae(Miquel) samson). METHODS: Amino acids,adenine,adenosine,uridnine in Chanhua Junsitifen Capsule were identified by TLC and adenosine was determined by HPLC.Chromatographic conditions were adopted as follows:co-lumn: Inertsil C_18(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m),mobile phase: MeOH-0.05 mol/L KH_2PO_4 solution(15∶85),wavelength: 260 nm,flow rate: 1.0 mL/min. RESULTS: The average recovery was 99.60 % and RSD was 0.62 % and the linear range of adenosine was in the range 0.007 475-2.99 ?g. CONCLUSION: This method is simple,rapid with a good reproducibility.This method can be used for the quality control of Chanhua Junsitifen Capsule.