Objective To study the influence of elicitors on growth and baicalin biosynthesis in hairy root of Scutellaria baicalensis(HRSB).Methods The elicitors from the solution of Ca2+,Mg2+,Co2+ and fungal elicitors extracted from Aspergillus niger,A.oryzae,and Armillaria mellea were cocultivated with HRSB and the content of baicalin was determined by HPLC.Results Every elicitor has different influences on the growth and baicalin biosynthesis.When the concentration of A.niger was 40 mg/L,A.oryzae was 20 mg/L,and the Co2+ is 1.53?10-4 mmol/L,the content of baicalin increased respectively to 9.18%,8.81%,and 8.62%.Conclusion Elicitors could improve some specific secondary metabolic synthesis.The test implies that the elicitors of A.niger,A.oryzae,and Co2+ could effectively improve the synthesis of baicalin.

Objective To acquire the external contour changes and positioning errors during fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma using kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT),and to analyze their effects on the dose distributions in target areas and organs-at-risk.Methods Twenty-one patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were enrolled in the study,and the positioning errors in the left-right,superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions were obtained by matching 137 CBCT images with the positioning CT images.The transverse width of the external contour was measured at 3 different layers of the neck,and its effects on positioning errors were analyzed using Pearson's coefficient and independent sample t-tests.Additionally,simulation plans based on CBCT images were created to analyze the effects of positioning errors and external contour changes on radiotherapy dose,with Mann-Whitney U tests applied for significance analysis.Results The positioning errors in the left-right,superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions were(1.04±0.73),(1.13±0.87)and(1.38±0.95)mm,respectively.The rates of external contour changes at the A,B and C layers of the head and neck were 15.36%,14.94%and 14.99%,respectively.Compared with executed plans,simulation plans had lower GTV D98,CTV1 D95 and CTV2 D95(P<0.05),and higher Dmax for the brainstem and spinal cord(P<0.05).Conclusion The simulation plans indicate that the presence of uncertainties such as positioning errors and external contour changes will significantly affect dose distributions in target areas,with the largest decrease observed in GTV D98(11.49%)and the maximum change rates in CTV1 D95 and CTV2 D95 being 12.88%and 21.64%,respectively.Except for the left and right lenses and left parotid gland,significant differences are observed in the doses for the other organs-at-risk and target areas,suggesting that positioning errors and external contour changes in actual radiotherapy will exert significant effects on dose distributions.

The pathophysiological process of immune inflammatory response after severe trauma is extremely complex, especially manifested in the dynamic changes. In the physiological response state, the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory conditions are in a dynamic balance. The immune inflammatory response is relatively stable, avoiding excessive inflammatory reactions or immunosuppression and reducing further damage to the body. In the pathological response state, the dynamic balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory is broken, and it can also lead to persistent inflammatory-immunosuppression-catabolism syndrome (PICS). As a result, it increases serious complications such as uncontrolled inflammatory reactions, sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and multiple organ failure (MOF). Current researches on post-traumatic immune inflammatory response have also expanded to the genetic level, indicating that the over-expression of genes and the generation and increase of immune response media are likely to be the key reasons for the disorder of immune inflammatory response. The author reviews the research progress of immune inflammatory response mechanism and related clinical intervention after severe trauma, in order to summarize the previous research results and explore the future research direction.