Objective To find the best time to remeasure temperature after cooling with evidence-based practice. Methods Used Johns Hopkins′ Evidence Based Practice Tool to find the best time to remeasure temperature after cooling. That tool included three steps which were establish problem, evidence synthesis and transfer evaluation. Results The best time to remeasure temperature after physical cooling was 30 minutes. The best time to remeasure temperature after drug cooling was 60 minutes. The best time to remeasure temperature after physical and drug combination cooling was 30 minutes after physical cooling and 60 minutes after using drug. Conclusion The best time to remeasure temperature after cooling was different because of the different cooling methods.

To construct and develop the home self-sampling processes of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and evaluate its application effect. An integrated HPV self-sampling detection platform is scheduled to include three terminals: a user terminal, a detection terminal and a medical terminal. It covers a wide range of functions of self-sampling kit acquisition of user, sample logistics tracking, inspection services, report query, medical consultation, health management, and follow-up tracking. A total of 8 053 users applied for self-sampling kits and all completed online user information registration from January to November 2020. The average age of users ranged from 17 to 84 with a median age of 42 years old. Registered users of the platform were distributed in Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanghai, Ningxia, Anhui, Zhejiang, Inner Mongolia, Beijing and Xinjiang. 8 045 users completed self-sampling with a kit return rate of 99.9%. Six users lost the kits during the express delivery, and 2 users had the kits contaminated due to improper application; The amount of exfoliated cells collected from 8 045 cases in the sample kits were all within the endogenous internal standard of the nucleic acid kit, and the qualified rate of kits was 100%. The proportion of test report issued by the detection platform within 3 d accounts for 96.93% (7 799/8 054). Among the 763 positive users, 742 completed 6-month reexamination, with a reexamination rate of 97.25%. Unfortunately, 21 cases were lost to follow-up. Taken together, HPV home-based self-sampling is simple, convenient and efficient in use. It can expand the coverage of cervical cancer screening and may help promote HPV screening.

To construct and develop the home self-sampling processes of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and evaluate its application effect. An integrated HPV self-sampling detection platform is scheduled to include three terminals: a user terminal, a detection terminal and a medical terminal. It covers a wide range of functions of self-sampling kit acquisition of user, sample logistics tracking, inspection services, report query, medical consultation, health management, and follow-up tracking. A total of 8 053 users applied for self-sampling kits and all completed online user information registration from January to November 2020. The average age of users ranged from 17 to 84 with a median age of 42 years old. Registered users of the platform were distributed in Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanghai, Ningxia, Anhui, Zhejiang, Inner Mongolia, Beijing and Xinjiang. 8 045 users completed self-sampling with a kit return rate of 99.9%. Six users lost the kits during the express delivery, and 2 users had the kits contaminated due to improper application; The amount of exfoliated cells collected from 8 045 cases in the sample kits were all within the endogenous internal standard of the nucleic acid kit, and the qualified rate of kits was 100%. The proportion of test report issued by the detection platform within 3 d accounts for 96.93% (7 799/8 054). Among the 763 positive users, 742 completed 6-month reexamination, with a reexamination rate of 97.25%. Unfortunately, 21 cases were lost to follow-up. Taken together, HPV home-based self-sampling is simple, convenient and efficient in use. It can expand the coverage of cervical cancer screening and may help promote HPV screening.

Objective To evaluate Chinese nurses' perception of the nursing work environment and to compare the differences among the eight economic regions in mainland China.Thus,policy-makers and nursing managers can optimize and coordinate resources based on the results of this study.Methods Chinese version of Nursing Working Environment Scale was used in the study.A total of 19,000 nurses from 31 provinces and municipalities in mainland China were investigated.Descriptive analysis,cluster analysis and nuclear density estimation were conducted.Results The average score of the nursing work environment was 4.1 points,which means nurses were somewhat satisfied with their work conditions.Specifically,nurses were most dissatisfied with the basic safeguard dimension (3.4 points),followed by sufficient manpower (3.9 points),career development (4.0) and leadership and management(4.0)dimensions.In addition,the eight economic regions could be divided into three categories(P＜0.01)according to the differences of the nursing work environment.The first category included the northeast,northern coastal and middle reaches of the Yellow River economic zone;the second category included eastern coastal economic zone;and the third category included the southern coast,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,southwest and northwest economic zone.Conclusion The development of the nursing work environment in the vast majority of mainland China is unbalanced and the regional differences are obvious.

Objective To summarize the relevant evidence of skin management around venous leg ulcers,and to provide a reference for medical staff and patients to manage the skin.Methods According to the 6S model,we searched UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,Guidelines International Network,Medlive,Joanna Briggs Institute,Cochrane Library,PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang data,Health Service Executive,Wound,Ostomy,and Continence Nurses Society,European Society for Vascular Surgery,Association for the Advancement of Wound Care,Wound Healing Society,New Zealand Wound Care Society for all the articles related to skin management around venous leg ulcers.The retrieved literature included clinical decision-making,guidelines,best practices,expert consensuses,evidence summaries,systematic reviews,and randomized controlled trials.The retrieval period was from the inception of databases to October 11,2023.There were 2 nursing postgraduate who evaluated the quality of the included literature,and the evidence was extracted and summarized combined with the opinions of evidence-based nursing experts and wound care specialists.Results A total of 13 articles were included,including 1 clinical decision,1 evidence summary,6 guidelines,1 best practice,1 systematic review,and 3 RCTs.Finally,5 evidence themes and 24 pieces of best evidence were formed including skin therapy,skin cleaning,skin moisturizing,exudation management,and pressure therapy.Conclusion This study summarized the best evidence for the treatment,nursing,exudation management,and pressure therapy of the skin around the ulcer in patients with venous leg ulcers,to provide resource preparation for clinical transformation and guidance for clinical medical care and patient management of the skin around the ulcer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of standardized health education on the sputum specimen collection rate for nucleic acid detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-seven patients in fever clinics and isolation wards of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University and 307 migrant workers returning to 5 enterprises in Shanghai from February 3 to March 14, 2020 were enrolled in the study. Through clarifying the procedures of collecting sputum specimens, making graphic/video health education materials, standardizing the contents and methods of health education, we conducted education to the subjects. The subject expectorated spontaneously or with medical assistance. For patients, the number of sampling attempts and sputum acquisition times were documented before and after the implementation of the standardized expectoration method; for the returning migrant employees in the enterprises, only the number of collected samples after the implementation of the standardized expectoration method were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 378 sputum samples were collected from 227 patients. The sputum sampling rates before and after the implementation of health education were 40.9%and 58.4%, respectively ( CONCLUSIONS The education for standardized sputum sample collection method can effectively increase the sputum collection rate.
Betacoronavirus/genetics* ; COVID-19 ; China ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis* ; Efficiency ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods* ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Specimen Handling/methods* ; Sputum ; Time Factors

: To explore the potential associations between perceived stress and health-promoting behaviors based on the theoretical schema of the middle-range theory of adaptation to chronic illness. From January to May 2021, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 230 young and middle-aged patients with metabolic syndrome who underwent physical examination in the inpatient center of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The Health-Promoting Health Profile-Ⅱ, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale-Short Form, and Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used in the cross-sectional study. The chain mediation effect procedure and bootstrap sampling test were used to examine the mediating role of adaptability and social support between perceived stress and health-promoting behaviors. The mean score of health-promoting behaviors was 100.0±14.6, the mean score of perceived stress was 22.0± 6.9, the mean score of adaptability was 47.0±6.1, and the mean score of social support was 63.8±10.8. Perceived stress had a negative impact on patients' health-promoting behaviors (=-0.309, <0.05). The adaptability (effect size= -0.112, 95%:-0.199~-0.038) and social support (effect size= -0.032, 95%:-0.083~played a mediating role and a chain mediating role in the process of perceived stress influencing patients' health-promoting behaviors (effect size= -0.045, 95%:-0.093~-0.020). Adaptability and social support play an intermediary role between perceived stress and health-promoting behaviors in young and middle-aged patients with metabolic syndrome. Healthcare professionals can motivate patients to develop healthy behaviors by developing intervention strategies on adaptability and social support.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Middle Aged ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological

: To design and develop a Wechat applet for intelligent health management of metabolic syndrome. Based on the needs and requirements of individuals undergoing health check-up, patients with metabolic syndrome and medical workers, a Wechat applet for metabolic syndrome management was designed and developed, which involving health data collection, health risk prediction, health management knowledge base fusion and intelligent recommendation, data privacy and security. The platform consists of three user ports: individuals undergoing health check and patients with metabolic syndrome, the medical workers and the system administrators. The main functions of the platform included metabolic syndrome risk prediction, intelligent recommendation of health management strategies, health behavior record and supervision, experts' consultation and health knowledge guide. The Wechat applet developed in this study can be used for metabolic syndrome risk prediction for general population, and health management for patients with metabolic syndrome, which helps them to enhance health management awareness and health behavior adherence.
Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/therapy* ; Software

To evaluate and summarize the evidence of diet and physical activity management in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) database, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) network, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Guidelines International Network (GIN), Medlive, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) network, American Diabetes Association (ADA) network, New Zealand Guideline Group (NZGG) network, Canadian medical association clinical practice guidelines network, PubMed, EmBase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CNKI, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Knowledge Data Service Platform and Chinese biomedical database were searched systematically to obtain guidelines, evidence summary, expert consensus, best practice information book, clinical decision-making, recommended practice, and systematic review on diet and physical activity management in patients with MS. The retrieval period is from the establishment of database to November 2021. Two researchers with evidence-based medicine background evaluated the quality and evidence level of the included literature. A total of 36 articles met the criteria, including 3 guidelines, 5 expert consensus, 1 clinical decision and 27 systematic reviews. We summarized 49 pieces of evidence related to diet and physical activity in patients with MS, involving 15 aspects, namely diet goals, diet patterns, diet time, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, fiber intake, salt intake, fruits, vegetables and grains intake, coffee intake, effects of diet, principle of physical activity, intensity, form, time of physical activity, effects of physical activity, physical activity prescription of patients with MS and cardiovascular disease, and the joint effects of diet and physical activity. Diet and physical activity management can effectively improve the health outcomes of patients with MS. Health professionals should choose and apply the best evidence with consideration of the clinical situation and patient preference.
Canada ; Consensus ; Diet ; Exercise ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/therapy*

OBJECTIVES: To develop a Chinese version of the Stress Adaption Scale (SAS) and to assess its reliability and validity among Chinese patients with multimorbidity. METHODS: The Brislin model was used to translate, synthesize, back-translate, and cross culturally adapt the SAS. A total of 323 multimorbidity patients selected by convenience sampling method from four hospitals in Zhejiang province. The critical ratio method, total question correlation method, and graded response model (item characteristic curve and item discrimination) were used for item analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability were used for the reliability analysis. Content validity analysis, structural validity analysis, and criterion association validity analysis were performed by expert scoring method, confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient method, respectively. RESULTS: The Chinese version of the SAS contained 2 dimensions of resilience and thriving, with a total of 10 items. In the item analysis, the critical ratio method showed that the critical ratio of all items was greater than 3.0 (P<0.001); the correlation coefficient method showed that the Pearson correlation coefficients for all items exceeded 0.4 (P<0.01). The graded response model showed that items of the revised scale exhibited distinct item characteristic curves and all items had discrimination parameters exceeding 1.0. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the revised Chinese version of the SAS scale was 0.849, and the split-half reliability was 0.873. In the validity analysis, the item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index both exceeded 0.80. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the revised two-factor model showed satisfactory fit indices (χ²/df=3.115, RMSEA=0.081, RMR=0.046, GFI=0.937, AGFI=0.898, CFI=0.936, TLI=0.915). In the criterion-related validity analysis, the Chinese version of the SAS score was negatively correlated with the Perceived Stress Scale and the Treatment Burden Questionnaire, with correlation coefficients of －0.592 and －0.482, respectively (both P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the SAS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the stress adaption capacity among multimorbidity patients in China, and provides a reference for developing individualized health management measures.
Humans ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Asian People ; China ; Multimorbidity ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stress, Psychological/psychology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translating ; Cross-Cultural Comparison