Objective To investigate and evaluate the efficacy of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) and bone plate set (BPS) in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children. Methods The study involved 39 children with femoral shaft fractures, of whom 18 children were treated with ESIN (ESIN group) and the other 21 with BPS (BPS group). In ESIN group, the nails were insert-ed through a micro incision in the medial and lateral epicondyle after closed reduction under C - arm ob-servation. In BPS group, the plates were placed on the lateral side of femur by means of open reduction and internal fixation. Results All the patients were followed up for 4-20 months (mean 10 months), which showed fracture healing in all the patients. The mean operation time, incision length, perioperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, time of fracture healing and time of weight bearing were (40.0±17.0) minutes, (2.0±0.6) cm, (30.0±8.0) ml, (7.0±1.5) days, (8.0±1.2) weeks and (6.0 ±1.0) weeks respectively in ESIN group, and (70.0±25.0) minutes, (12.0±1.1) cm, (150.0±30.0) ml, (14.0±5.2) days, (13.0±1.9) weeks and (4.0±1.3) weeks respectively in BPS group, with statistical difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions Compared with BPS, ESIN has the advantages of less operation wound, less perioperative blood loss and shorter time for fracture healing. ESIN can protect the microenvironment important for the fracture healing, and is one of ideal op-tions for treatment of femoral shaft fracture in children.

Objective To explore the effects of mini-traumatic operation in treatment of HIH. Methods A retrospective analysis of 140 patients with HIH was carried out,who were treated with mini-traumatic operation or only medicine.Results The mortality in operation group was 14.3%,and in medicine group was 34.3%.80% patients in operation group recovered well,and 52% patients in medicine group recovered well.Conclusion Mini-traumatic operation is more effective than only treated with medicine.Six to 48 hours after onset is a good period for mini-traumatic operation.

Objective:To explore the establishment of the interconvertible injury parameters of same severe blast injury in mice at plain and plateau.Methods:A total of 157 C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into plain control group (8 mice), plain injury group (77 mice), plateau control group (8 mice) and plateau injury group (64 mice) according to random number table method. The mice in plateau control group and plateau blast injury group had been placed in animal experimental low-pressure oxygen chamber to simulate 4 000 meters plateau environment for 5 days in advance. Then the mice in plain blast injury group and plateau blast injury group were put into biological shock tube, respectively. Different pressures of the driving section were selected to establish the severe blast injury models in mice at plain and 4 000 meters plateau to reach approximately 70% mortality within 72 hours. The equivalent traumatic condition at 24 hours after blast injury in different groups was verified by the series of experiments including gross autopsy, lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and histological scoring.Results:The mice mortality were basically consistent between the plain injury group (65%) and plateau injury group (75%) when 5.4 MPa and 4.0 MPa of the driving section pressures were chosen, respectively. Compared with the corresponding control groups, the lungs showed massive hemorrhage (patchy and diffuse) with significant pulmonary edema in both plain 5.4 MPa-injured group and the plateau 4.0 MPa-injured group at 24 hours after blast injury. Compared with the plateau control group, the pulmonary W/D ratio were significantly increased in the plateau injury group (5.579±0.646 vs. 4.476±0.076, P < 0.05), while the difference between plateau injury group and the plain control group was not statistically significant (5.303±1.020 vs. 4.015±0.144, P > 0.05). Also, compared with the corresponding control groups, the analysis of lung histopathological sections showed that there were several pathological changes including large alveolar rupture and fusion, thickened alveolar walls, and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the alveolar lumen in the groups of plain 5.4 MPa and plateau 4.0 MPa. In addition, the histopathological scores of lung in the groups of plain 5.4 MPa and plateau 4.0 MPa were significantly higher than that in corresponding control group (8.67±0.82 vs. 1.67±0.52, 9.00±1.10 vs. 2.17±0.41, both P < 0.05), however, there was no statistical difference for the above score between plain blast injury group and plateau blast injury group. Conclusions:The pressures of driving section 5.4 MPa and 4.0 MPa are injury parameters to establish equivalent severe blast injury in mice at plain and plateau, respectively, which can be converted to each other. This study provides support for the application and evaluation of prevention and treatment technology for severe blast injury in special environment.