Objective:To study the effects of acitretin or IFNα-2a or both on the apoptosis and caspases expressions in human-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCL-12.Methods: SCL-12 cells were cultured in vitro in the presence of or acitretin or IFNα-2a or both.Apoptosis was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in these cells.Apoptotic cells were observed by acridine orange staining .The protein expressions of caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 in SCL-12 cells were analyzed by Western blot.Results:The inhibition ratio of the cell growth significantly higher in groups of Acitretin or IFNα-2a or both than control group , and the effects of Acitretin combined with IFNα-2a stronger than the Acitretin or IFNα-2a.Caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 were significantly activated in combined group .The effects of Acitretin combined with IFNα-2a stronger than the Acitretin or IFNα-2a.Conclusion:Acitretin or IFNα-2a or both plays a central role in the apoptosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells ,which may be related to the Fas-way and mitochondria-way.

Objective To explore the value of carbox dioxide(CO2 )for the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic mucosal dissection(ESD).Methods A total of 158 patients who underwent ESD from January 2012 to May 2014 at Endoscopy Center of Dongguan Hospital were enrolled in the study.The patients were randomly divided into air group and CO2 group.The arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2 ),the monitering results of SpO2 before,during,afte operation,abdominal pain after operation and postoperative complications were assessed.The safety and advantage of CO2 of the upper gastrointestinal ESD were comparative ana-lyzed.Results PaCO2 of air group and CO2 group during the ESD procedures [(47.8 ±5.4)mmHg, (45.1 ±5.5)mmHg]was significantly higher than that before[(37.2 ±4.6)mmHg,(36.3 ±3.9)mmHg] (P <0.05)and after the operation[(39.9 ±4.0)mmHg,(39.4 ±4.2)mmHg](P <0.05).Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative PaCO2 were not significantly different between the two groups(P >0.05);all the SpO2 were greater than 90%,and it was not significantly different between the two groups(P >0.05). The abdominal pain score of CO2 group was significantly lower than that of air group less than 2 h after wake-up (P <0.05),but there was no difference between the two groups at 12 h and 24 h after operation(P >0.05).The bleeding rate of air group and CO2 group during and after operation was not significantly different (P >0.05),and there were no other serious complications.Conclusion CO2 is safe in the upper gastroin-testinal ESD,and it can reduce postoperative abdominal pain,so it is suitable for clinical application.

Purpose:To assess the value of 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT in discrimination of malignant from benign breast mass.Methods:The trial was prospective, blind and diagnostic. From 2000.6 to 2001.12, one hundred one consecutive patients with breast mass detected by clinical examination were included. After injection of 740 MBq 99m Tc tetrofosmin intravenously in the arm contralateral to the breast lesion, 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT was performed additional to the regular diagnostic procedure. All patients underwent operation within one week. Using histological assessment as a golden standard, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT of the breast mass. Results:The sensitivity for palpable breast lesions was 86 3%, specificity 84.0%, positive and negative predictive value were 84.6% and 85.7% respectively. Conclusions:The results suggested that 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT is a valuable tool for the evaluation of palpable breast lesions.

Purpose:To study the relationship between the expression of the BRCA 1 protein and clinico pathological characteristics of breast cancer,and to clarify the correlation of the expression of the BRCA 1 protein with expression of p53 and c erbB 2 . Methods:The expressions of BRCA 1 , p53 and c erbB 2 of breast cancer tissues taken from 60 breast cancer patients as well as 10 benign breast disease patients were examined using immunohistochemical LDP method. All tissues were taken from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded breast tumor specimens. We analyzed the correlation of the results with other parameters which included age of onset, family history, histological grade, status of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, axillary nodal status and so on. Results:The expression of BRCA 1 was 61.66% (37/60) in breast cancer patients and 0 (0/10) in benign diseases patients. The protein expressed was mainly located in the cytoplasm. The correlation between age of onset and the expression of BRCA 1 was significant (r=-0.295, P

AIM To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) method for the content determination of six catechins in Xinnaojian Capsules (Tablets) (tea extract).METHODS The analysis of 50％ methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Shimadzu Wonda Cract ODS-2 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.5％ acetic acid (A)-acetonitrile (B) flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.With epigallocatechin gallate as an internal standard,the relative correction factors of epigallocatechin,catechin,epicatechin,gallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate were calculated,from which the content determination was made.RESULTS Six constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ≥ 0.999 8),whose average recoveries were 96.00％-98.47％ with the RSDs of 2.09％-2.91％.The results obtained by QAMS method approximated those obtained by external standard method.CONCLUSION This simple and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Xinnaojian Capsules (Tablets).

Objective To explore the application of CO2 as an insufflation agent in patients under-going colonoscopy by comparing carbon dioxide(CO2 )and air.Methods Consecutive 681 patients who un-derwent conventional colonoscopy from January to May in 2014 at endoscopy center of our hospital were in-cluded.The patients were randomly divided into the air group and CO2 group.The gas flow,capacity,oper-ation time,PaCO2 and abdominal pain during and 20 min,40 min,1 h,2 h,12 h,24 h after colonoscopy were recorded.The safety and advantages of CO2 in the colonoscopy were analyzed.Results The intubation time of CO2 group was significantly shorter than that of air group (P <0.05),but there was no significant difference in endoscopy withdrawal time between the two groups (P >0.05).There was also no difference in air flow and the total volume between the two groups (P >0.05).PaCO2 of two groups were within the nor-mal range.PaCO2 during examination was significantly higher than that before and 20 minutes after examina-tion (P <0.05),but the PaCO2 between the two groups showed no significant difference (P >0.05).The abdominal pain scores during and 20 min,40 min,1 h,2 h after the examination of air group were signifi-cantly higher than those of CO2 group (P <0.05),but they were not 12h and 24h after the examination (P>0.05).Conclusion CO2 is safe and could reduce abdominal discomfort after colonoscopy,which is suit-able for clinical application.

Objective To evaluate right ventricular (RV) global and regional systolic function using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH).Methods Thirty patients with PH and 27 controls were studied.RT-3DE images were acquired on a Philipa iE33 system with an X3-1 probe,then analyzed with a new software(TomTec) to determine RV global and regional (inflow, body, outflow) end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF).The difference of RT-3DE parameters between the two groups,as well as the correlation between RT-3DE and routine echoeardiography parameters was analyzed.Results In patients with PH ,RV global and regional EDV and ESV were significantly higher than those in normal controls (all P ＜0.05); RV global and regional EF were significantly lower than those in normal controls (all P ＜0.05).In the PH group, RV inflow EDV,SV and EF were higher than that of RV body and outflow part (P ＜ 0.05) ;RV global EF was lower than that of RV inflow part and higher than that of RV body and outflow part.In the PH group, RV global and inflow EF correlated with pulmonary artery systolic pressure negatively (r = - 0.611, P ＜0.001 and r = - 0.576, P = 0.001 ,respectively) ,and with the ratio of peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation over outflow time-velocity integral negatively (r = -0.772, P = 0.002and r = -0.721, P ＜0.001, respectively)Conclusions RV global and regional volume was enlarged and systolic function was impaired in patients with pulmonary hypertension.RV global and regional systolic function was changed in liner relationship with RV after-load.

Objective To evaluate right ventricular (RV) global and regional volume and systolic function in patients with secondum atrial septal defect (ASD) using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE),and to explore the relationship between parameters derived from RT3DE and parameters measured by conventional echocardiography.Methods RT3DE images were acquired from 22 patients with secundum ASD and 22 normal controls for evaluation and analysis to obtain RV global and regional end-diastolic volume (EDV),end systolic volume (ESV),systolic volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF) in three compartments (inflow,body and outflow).RV dyssynehrony parameters were calculated as the standard deviation (SD) and maximum difference (dif) of time to minimum systolic volume (Tmsv) and Tmsv corrected by heart rate (Tmsv％) in three RV compartments.Conventional echocardiographic parameters including pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP),pulmonary vascular resistance (PVRe) and maximum diameter of ASD (ASD-D) were calculated and recorded.Results RV global and regional EDV,ESV and SV were larger (all P ＜0.001) and EF was lower (all P ＜0.05) in the ASD group than in the controls.RV regional volume and systolic function were changed to various degrees in different compartment in the patients group.There were no significant differences in Tmsv,Tmsv％ and RV dyssynchrony parameters between the two groups.In patients with ASD,RV global and regional EDV,ESV and SV in the inflow compartment were positively correlated with ASD-D and PASP (r =0.463-0.704,all P ＜ 0.05) ; RV global EF was negatively correlated with PVRe (r =-0.477,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In patients with ASD,RV global and regional volume was enlarged and systolic function was impaired with distinct characteristics; RV global volume and regional volume in the inflow compartment were positively correlated with RV pre-load while RV global EF was negatively correlated with RV afterload.

Objective To prepare carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) targeted and paclitaxel loaded phase-shifting PLGA nanoparticles (Ab-PTX-NPs),and investigate the targeting capability and inhibition to the ovarian cancer cell in vitro.Methods Single-emulsion/solvent evaporation (O/W) and carbodiimide method were used to prepare the Ab-PTX-NPs.The size of nanoparticles was determined by Malvern analyzer.The encapsulation and drug loaded efficiency of paclitaxel were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.And the drug release characteristics was measured by dialysis method in constant temperature shaker.The targeting ability of Ab-PTX-NPs to the ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell was evaluated by the laser scanning confocal microscope and flow cytometry.And the inhibition ability of Ab-NPs was investigated by the CCK-8 assays.Results The size of Ab-PTX-NPs was (397.70±99.95)nm.The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of PTX were (67.26±4.15) ％ and (6.31±0.39) ％,respectively.The conjugating rate of Anti-CEA antibody was (92.74 ± 5.75) ％.The targeting study in vitro showed that such a number of contrast agents landed around the SKOV3 cells in targeting group,and the mean fluorescence intensity of ovarian cells in targeting group was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05).After 24 h,the viability rate of ovarian cells in targeting group was lower than the non-target group (P＜0.05),only higher than that of the pure PTX group (P＜0.05).But there was no significant difference between the targeting group and the pure PTX group (P＞0.05) at 48 h.Conclusion The CEA targeted and paclitaxel loaded phase-shifting PLGA nanoparticles are successfully prepared.It can enhance ultrasound imaging well after activated by LIFU.With high drug-loading efficiency and fast drug release velocity,the Ab-PTX-NPs appeares great targeted ability.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for contents determination of catechins active components in lipid-lowering slimming health products. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. Using epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)as a reference,relative correction factor(RCF)of EGCG to gallocatechin(EGC),catechin(C),epicatechin(EC),gallocatechin gallate(GCG)and gal-loylepicatechin(ECG)were calculated. The contents of EGC,C,EC,GCG and ECG in 5 batches of samples were calculated through RCF. The contents of EGC,C,EC,GCG and ECG determined by external standard method were used as measured value. The similarity of the value determined by external standard method with the value calculated by quantitative analysis of multi-com-ponents via single marker method(QAMS)was evaluated with vector included angle cosine method. RESULTS:The linear ranges of EGCG,EGC,C,EC,GCG and ECG were 0.0065-0.1305 mg/mL(r=0.9998)、0.0005-0.0107 mg/mL(r=0.9997)、0.0020-0.0400 mg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.0153-0.3053 mg/mL(r=0.9998)、0.0008-0.0155 mg/mL(r=0.9998)、0.0040-0.0792 mg/mL (r=0.9999);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0%.The recoveries were 95.07%-100.35%(RSD=1.94%,n=6)、95.24%-101.87%(RSD=2.79%,n=6)、96.08%-103.86%(RSD=3.01%,n=6)、97.51%-101.06%(RSD=1.45%,n=6)、96.01%-101.66%(RSD=2.27%,n=6)、96.20%-102.89%(RSD=2.71%,n=6),respectively. There was no signifi-cant difference between measured value and calculated value. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and repro-ducible,and can be used for contents determination of catechins active components in lipid-lowering slimming health products.