Objective:To evaluate the correlation between inflammatory diet and reflux esophagitis (RE) with the dietary inflammatory index (DII), and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of RE at the level of dietary guidance.Methods:From December 2021 to September 2022, 145 RE patients (RE group) who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were recruited. During the same period, 145 subjects who underwent check-ups at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were selected as the healthy control group, and age and gender were matched according to the ratio of 1 to 1. The baseline data of the 2 groups, including body mass index, the history of smoking and drinking, poor dietary habits, and physical activity intensity were collected. Dietary intake of the patients was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the overall DII was calculated to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effects of diet. According to the tertiles of the DII of the healthy control group (33.3% and 66.7% as the cut-off), dietary inflammatory potential was divided into low (<-0.06), moderate (-0.06 to 1.11) and high pro-inflammatory potential diet (>1.11). Logistic regression model was performed to analyze the correlation between DII and RE risk. Linear trend test was used to compare the overall change trend of RE risk OR value along with the increase of DII. Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The body mass index of RE group was higher than that of healthy control group( (24.11±2.57) kg/m 2 vs. (23.38 ±2.60) kg/m 2), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.41, P=0.017). The proportions of smoking, drinking, over-eating, and eating within 3 h before bedtime of RE group was higher than those of the healthy control group (42.8%, 62/145 vs. 31.0%, 45/145; 31.0%, 45/145 vs. 16.6%, 24/145; 33.1%, 48/145 vs. 17.9%, 26/145; 52.4%, 76/145 vs. 13.1%, 19/145), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.28, 8.39, 8.78 and 50.86, P=0.039, 0.004, 0.003 and<0.001). While the proportions of night snacking and moderate to severe physical activity of RE group were lower than those of the healthy control group (14.5%, 21/145 vs. 24.1%, 35/145; 22.8%, 33/145 vs.37.2%, 54/145), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.34 and 7.24, P=0.037 and 0.007). The DII of RE group was higher than that of the healthy control group (1.05 (0.03, 1.62) vs. 0.34(-0.61, 1.35)), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=8 661.50, P=0.010). Compared with the low pro-inflammatory potential diet, high pro-inflammatory potential diet had a 1.30-fold increased the risk of RE ( OR=2.30, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.29 to 4.09, P=0.005). After adjusting for total energy intake, age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, education level, and physical activity intensity, the high pro-inflammatory potential diet was still positively correlated with the risk of RE ( OR=2.58, 95% CI 1.16 to 5.76, P=0.020). In the continuous DII, the risk of RE increased by 36% for each 1 increase in DII ( OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.68, P=0.003). After adjusting for major confounding factors, the continuous DII was still positively correlated with the risk of RE ( OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.85, P=0.012; OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.93, P=0.023). The results of trend test showed that the higher the DII, the greater the risk of RE ( P=0.039). Conclusions:Pro-inflammatory diet is correlated with the increased risk of RE, and there is a certain dose-response relationship. Reasonable reduction of the intake of pro-inflammatory food may be beneficial to reduce the risk of RE.

【Objective】 To estimate the prevalence, associated factors and patterns of multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases among adults in Shaanxi Province so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. 【Methods】 We used the data of adults aged 18 years and older collected in the baseline survey of Shaanxi Project in the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China. Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the associated factors for multimorbidity. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract patterns of multimorbidity. 【Results】 The prevalence of multimorbidity was 10.7% among the 44 442 participants. Age increase, being males, urban residence, and being overweight or obesity were positively associated with multimorbidity. Compared with women, men had a higher risk of multimorbidity. The OR and 95% CI was 1.25 (1.12-1.39). The risk of multimorbidity increased with age among adults. Compared with participants aged 18.0-34.9 years, the ORs and 95% CIs of those aged 35.0-44.9, 45.0-54.9, 55.0-64.9, and ≥65.0 years were 4.73 (3.47-6.46), 15.61 (11.60-21.00), 41.39 (30.76-55.70) and 90.04 (66.58-121.77), respectively. The primary multimorbidity patterns among adults in Shaanxi were cardiovascular-metabolic multimorbidity (5.4%), viscero-articular multimorbidity (1.0%), and respiratory multimorbidity (0.3%). 【Conclusion】 More than one in ten adults in Shaanxi Province had multimorbidity, and the predominant pattern of multimorbidity was cardiovascular-metabolic multimorbidity. The prevention and control of non-communicable diseases should be reinforced in middle-aged and older people, males, people living in the urban, and overweight or obese people. More attention should be paid to the prevention and control of cardiovascular-metabolic diseases.

【Objective】 To evaluate the dietary quality with the dietary balance index (DBI_16) and the association between dietary quality and bone mass among middle-aged and elderly people in Gansu Province so as to provide evidence for improving dietary quality and bone health status of Gansu population. 【Methods】 Based on the information of the type and quantity of food intake and the bone mass of middle-aged and elderly people aged 35 years and above collected by the Gansu Project in the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China, DBI_16 was used to evaluate the intake level of cereals, vegetables, fruits, milk, beans, fish and shrimp, eggs and other foods, and the degree of inadequate, excessive and unbalanced dietary intake of the participants. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the associations of three component indexes of DBI_16, high bound score (DBI_HBS), low bound score (DBI_LBS), diet quality distance (DBI_DQD), and seven single indexes of DBI_16 with bone mass. 【Results】 Analyses of the dietary and bone mass data of 11,840 participants showed that 44.8% of participants consumed excessive amounts of cereals compared to the dietary recommendation. 96.3%, 90.6%, 90.1%, 71.9%, 95.1% and 60.3% of participants’ intake of vegetables, fruits, milk, soybeans, fish and shrimp, and eggs, respectively, were inadequate. 47.7% participants consumed less than 10 types of food. 2.3% participants’ DBI_LBS levels were appropriate. 54.7% participants’ DBI_HBS levels were appropriate. Only 1.2% participants’ DBI_DQD reached a balanced level. The bone mass level in the study population was (2.5±0.6) kg [(2.8±0.5) kg for men and (2.3±0.5) kg for women]. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, total dietary energy intake and body mass index, DBI_LBS and DBI_DQD were negatively associated with bone mass [β and 95% CI was -0.002 01 (-0.003 62--0.000 40) and -0.001 76 (-0.003 09--0.000 43), respectively]. 【Conclusion】 Dietary intake imbalance is common among middle-aged and elderly people in Gansu Province, and the more severe the dietary intake imbalance, the lower the bone mass level.