Objective: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a fertility problem for which no exact mechanism of abortion or efficient treatment has been described. This study was conducted between 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in improving the live birth rate of women with RPL who required in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: A total of 63 patients with at least two previous pregnancy losses and no specific cause detected for the RPL were included and randomly assigned into two groups (PRP and control). Intrauterine infusion of 0.5 mL of autologous PRP was performed 48 hours before embryo transfer in the PRP group. Women in the control group received standard treatment. Results: Forty patients completed the study. The baseline and cycle characteristics of the participants did not differ significantly between the PRP and control groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was higher in the PRP group (35% vs. 20%, P=0.288). The live birth rate was 15% in the PRP group, but no live births were recorded in the control group (P=0.231). Conclusion This is the first study to show that intrauterine infusion of PRP in patients with RPL who undergo IVF may increase the chance of live birth.

Introduction: Hand hygiene plays a huge role in removing hospital infections. The aim of this study was to explore the nurses’ viewpoints about the factors affecting hand hygiene compliance. Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, the data were collected through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 15 nurses. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analyses were conducted using Lundman and Graneheim’s method. Results: Six themes were identified, including the facilitator and barriers to compliance with hand hygiene on personal, interpersonal, and organizational levels. One theme was personal facilitator, with categories of facilitating the cognition and adherence to values. Personal barriers included cognitive obstacles, attitudinal barriers, and physical barriers. The interpersonal facilitators included supportive social climate and appropriate culture building. The interpersonal barriers involved inappropriate culture building and being under pressure. The organizational facilitators were strong leadership style, good managerial support, and competent staff evaluation; the last theme was organizational barriers with categories of poor leadership style, ineffective staff development, inconsistency in organizational policy, and incompetent staff evaluation. Conclusion: This study adopted an integrated approach to examining the factors affecting the nurses’ hand hygiene compliance. It is recommended that future interventions should consider the differences at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels and developed a tailoring approach.