Objective To investigate the changes of esophageal visceral sence stimulated by esophageal distention in rabbits and the protein expressions of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP),P substance(SP),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),Fos protein in central nervous system(CNS).Methods Twenty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group(n=8,received esophageal distention with 0.9 cm balloon for 30 s twice a day for 14 days),control group(n=6,received esophageal stimulation without balloon for 30 s twice a day for 14 days)and blank control grouop(n=6).The esophageal visceral sense was evaluated by animal behavior scores.The expressions of SP,CGRP,5-HT and Fos protein esophagus mucosa,spine,nucleus tractus solitari (NTS),periaqueductal gray(PAG)and thalamus were measured by immunochistochemistry.Results At the same behavior scores,the tube diameter of experimental group was significant lower than those of control group(P＜0.05).The expression of SP in esophagus mucosa,spine and NTS was significant increased in experimental group compared to two control groups(P＜0.05).The expression of CGRP and Fos in esophagus mucosa.spine,NTS,PAG and thalamus was increased in experimental group compared to two control groups(P＜0.05).The expression of 5-HT in esophagus mucosa and spine was higher in experimental group than that in control and blank control groups (esophagus: 27.67±3.27 vs 11.00±1.79 or 11. 17±1.33;spine:24.00±5.22 vs 11.33±2.94 or 11. 83±2. 48, P＜0. 01). But the expression of 5-HT in PAG was lower in experimental group( 13. 17±2.04) than that in control 17.67±2.07)and blank control (16.83±2.32) groups (P＜0. 05). There was significant correlation between CGRP and Fos, SP and Fos, CGRP and SP in spine (r=0. 813,0. 779,0. 772,P=0. 025,0.034, 0. 036, respectively). Conclusions Esophageal hypersensitivity may be induced by esophageal distention. The expresstion of SP, CGRP, 5-HT was increased in the esophageal mueosa and CNS, which indicate that these neurotransmitters and CNS may play an important role in the increase of esophageal visceral sense.

Objective To explore the preventive effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) on aspiration pneumonia in patients with dysphagia.Methods The clinical data of 43 patients undertaking PEG was retrospectively collected and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia,microbiological examination of sputum and antibiotics use before and after PEG in all the patients were compared.Results After PEG,the incidence of aspiration pneumonia decreased significantly from 90.7％ to 53.5％ according to clinical diagnosis,from 70.4％ to 18.5％ according to the chest imaging.The use of β-lactamase inhibitor compound decreased significantly,but the detection rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa increased significantly compared with that before PEG.Conclusion PEG can decrease the incidence of aspiration and antibiotics use,and may increase the chances of pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in the lower respiratory tract.

Although blood banks based on human blood can provide blood transfusions for the wounded timely and effectively, scientific research has never given up on finding new blood sources due to the restrictions of human blood sources. With the application of transgenic technology and the successful breeding of gene-edited pigs, gene-edited pig blood as a potential source of clinical transfusion has attracted wide attention. Now there are preclinical studies showing the feasibility of transfusing gene-edited pig red blood cells into primates. This paper discusses the related research and future development of xenogeneic transfusion of porcine red blood cells by gene editing.