In order to further explore the protective effect of Cordyceps Sinensis (CS) on Cyclosponne A nephrotoxicity (CsA-Nx) and its possible mechanisms, SD rats were divided into two groups: CsA group and CsA + CS group. The results showed that: in different experiment period, serum BUN. Cr, Na. K and urine EOF excretion in CS group were lower than that in control group. In the third month, serum AT- |J in CS group was also lower than that in control group. Pathological examination showed that CS could protect the kidney from CsA-Nx and ameliorate the glomerular and interstitial injuries. It suggests that CS could protect the kidney from CsA-Nx, especially protect the proximal tubular function and ameliorate renal hemodynamics.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and pathological features of drug-associated acute interstitial nephritis. Methods Clinical presentations and pathological features were investigated in 14 patients with drug-associated acute interstitial nephritis. Lymphocyt; stimulation test was performed to confirm, the offending drugs. Results All patients presented with acute renal failure, but typical clinical features were often absent. Renal biopsy was therefore needed to establish the diagnosis. Conclusion Lymphocyte stimulation test is a very useful means in the determination of offending drugs.

Objective To study whether ANCA liter is sensitive serological marker reflecting vasculitis disease activity. Methods MPO-ANCA and IF-ANCA tilers variation in five sera specimen with active MPA diseases were studied after methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. The clinical and pathological features of 5 patients with MPA were investigeted comparing pre-treatment with post-treatment. Results (1) Serum ANCA were found positive and increased liter in 5 patients wilh active MPA disease. (2) Titer decreased after Ireatment, while renal function improved. (3) After half year, MPO-ANCA was negative in 5 patients, IF-ANCA was negative in 2 patients. Conclusion There is a close correlation between serum ANCA titer and MPA renal disease activity.

This paper emphasizes the importance of the mechanism of renal tissue damage in conducting treatment of lupus nephritis in addition to the renal histology.There are at least 4 kinds of mechanisms related to the renal tissue damage of LN including circulating immune complex deposition,in situ immune complex formation,vasculitic change and thrombotic mircoangiopathy.Treatment according to the mechanisms of tissue damage will give rise to a much better result as compared with the classic treatment based on morphology alone.Multi-target immune theapy has been recommended for treatment of those severe and complicated LN.

Objective: To construct an angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2) expression vector and obtain ANGPTL2 over-expression endothelial cell strains.Methods: Plasmid phrGFP-C was used to amplify hrGFP protein coding sequence by polymerase chain reaction.The amplified sequence was cloned into the A multiple cloning sites of pIRES to construct plasmid pIRES-hrGFP.Complementary oligonucleotides containing the recognition sequence of BamH I,Sal I,Xba I and SSe8387 I were synthesized,annealed and cloned into a BamH I site on the backbone of plasmid pIRES-hrGFP to obtain vector pIRES-hrGFP-MS.ANGPTL2 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR while human renal RNA was used as the templet and then inserted into the B multiple cloning sites of the vector pIRES-hrGFP-MS.The newly constructed ANGPTL2 expression vector pIRES-hrGFP-MS-ANGPTL2 was linearized by Xba I and introduced into human umbilical vein endothelial cells.ANGPTL2 over-expressed endothelial clones were screened out by G418 selection and identified by the expression levels of both hrGFP and ANGPTL2 genes in these cell clones.Results: The ANGPTL2 expression vector pIRES-hrGFP-MS-ANGPTL2 was constructed successfully and two ANGPTL2 over-expression endothelial strains were obtained.The cells displayed a significantly extended appearance quite different from that of the control cells.Conclusion: The successful construction of the ANGPTL2 expression vector pIRES-hrGFP-MS-ANGPTL2 and the obtainment of two ANGPTL2 over-expression HUVEC strains have paved the way for further investigation into the function of ANGPTL2 and its possible role in diabetic nephropathy.

Objective:To study the correlation between deposition of C4d along peritubular capillaries (PTC) and interstitial eosinophilic infiltration in renal allografts.Methods:Deposition of C4d in kidneys was assayed by indirect immunoflourescence of the renal allograft biopsies.Twenty-six patients were demonstrated strongly diffuse staining of PTC,who were defined as C4d+ group,while the biopsies of thirty patients with acute rejection exhibited negative for PTC C4d staining served as the controls,who were defined as C4d-group.Eosinophils were counted under microscope.Results:The C4d+group was demonstrated significantly greater interstitial eosinophilic infiltration than did the C4d-group(P

The presence of pre-S2 protein in the kidney was investigated in 30 patients with biopsy-proved glomerulonephritis (GN) using indirect immunoperoxidase technique and monoclonal antibody. HBsAg and HBeAg in the kidney were detected using the same techniques and HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBe and anti-HBc in serum were assayed at the same time.It was shown that pre-S2 prtein was present in the kidney in 7/22 patients with primary GN and 6/8 with lupus nephritis. It was deposited along the glomerular capillary walls or within the mes-angium, depending on the type of GN as well as the deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components in the kidney. Deposition of pre-S2 protein in renal tissue was correlated with HBsAg deposition in the glomeruli, but not HBeAg deposition. In membranous GN, there was a good correlation between the presence of pre-S2 protein in the kidney and virus antigetiemia. It is concluded that pre-S2 protein detection in the kidney is of value in evaluating the hepatitis B virus associated GN.

Cytokines may play an important role in the development of IgA Nephropathy(IgAN). In this study, the levels of Interleukin—6(IL—6)activity in the urine and serum from 21 patients with IgAN were measured by using IL—6 dependent cell line, 7TD. IL—6 activities were detectable in both urine and serum in patients with IgAN(IL—6 detectable rate 47.6% and 25% respectively), while it was undetectable in normal volunteers. There was no correlationship between urinary and serum IL—6 activities. Also, we found that patients with elevated urinary IL—6 activity had heavy proteinuria and severe glomerular and tubular—interstitial histological changes. The results suggest that the measurement of IL—6 is useful in evaluating the degree of glomerular and interstitial damage in patients with IgAN.

Objective:To prepare human angiopoietin like protein 2(ANGPTL2) monoclonal antibody.Methods:The purified recombinant human ANGPTL2 was used to immunize BALB/c mice.Then,the mouse spleen cells were isolated and fused with mouse myeloma cells.After selecting with HAT medium and analyzing with ELISA assay,the hybridoma cell clones stably secreting human ANGPTL2 antibody were screened out.The monoclonal antibody against humain ANGPTL2 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation method from the supernatant liquid of hybridoma cell culture.Western blotting,Cell immunostaining,and immunohistochemisty staining were used to characterize the antibody.Results:A strain of hybridoma cell clones stably secreting human ANGPTL2 antibody was screened out.The ANGPTL2 monoclonal antibody prepared was proven useful. Conclusion:A monoclonal antibody against human ANGPTL2 was successfully prepared,which provide a basis for basic study of ANGPLTL2.

Objective: ANGPTL2 is a newly found angiogenesis-associated protein.In the previous studies,we found that the renal expression of ANGPTL2 is involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy,but failed to reveal the exact distribution and synthesis of renal ANGPTL2.This study aimed to analyze the expression of the ANGPTL2 gene in the glomerulus and tubules in the kidney of db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy and to determine the cells responsible for the synthesis of renal ANGPTL2.Methods: Glomerulus and tubules were microdissected from the renal tissue of diabetic db/db mice and the expression of ANGPTL2 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR.The distribution and synthesis of ANGPTL2 in the kidney of the db/db mice were determined by immunohistochemistry,dual-labeling immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy.Results: Significantly increased expression of ANGPTL2 mRNA was found in the glomeruli but not in the tubules of the diabetic db/db mice,as compared with the controls.Immunohistochemistry revealed that the ANGPTL2 protein was distributed in a podocyte-like pattern;dual-labeling immunofluorescence analysis showed colocalization of ANGPTL2 with WT1(Wilms' tumor 1,a marker of podocyte) staining,suggesting that renal ANGPTL2 was expressed specifically by podocytes,which was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy.Conclusion: ANGPTL2 is specifically expressed by podocytes in diabetic nephropathy mice.