BACKGROUND:Membrane guided bone regeneration technology has become an important method in repairing bone defects. With the deepening of the research, related concept and the mechanism of membrane guided bone regeneration have been gradual y confirmed, but there are stil some unresolved issues.
OBJECTIVE: To review the classification of membrane tubes, performance, disadvantages and advantages in membrane guided bone regeneration, as wel as some unresolved issues in application and research.
METHODS:The first author searched PubMed and CNKI databases to retrieve articles about the discovery of membrane guided bone regeneration and the concepts, classification of membrane tubes, performance, disadvantages and advantages during bone defect treatment, which were published from 1963 to 2013. The key words were“guided bone regeneration, guided tissue regeneration, bone defect treatment”in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Membrane guided bone regeneration technique is a most promising treatment for bone defects, but for the treatment of long tubular bone defects, it is stil in the experimental stage. Currently, there is no membrane tube for long-segment bone defects. According to the material sources, the membrane tubes can be divided into:non-biological material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polylactic acid, silica gel, titanium film;biological materials, such as col agen membrane, chitin membrane, polyhydroxybutyrate. The membrane tubes can also be classified into nondegradable materials and biodegradable materials. Biodegradable materials have good histocompatibility and no cytotoxicity, which can degrade in a certain period after implantation;part of the membrane can also al ow free exchange of tissue fluid and nutritional substances. But there are stil some shortcomings that the degradation time is difficult to control and the volume is difficultly maintained under the membrane tube. New bone formation in non-biodegradable materials is complete. In the process of osteogenesis, the membrane tube cannot be absorbed and has to be removed secondarily, though it has good histocompatibility and better therapeutic outcomes. In the future, we should further improve membrane performance, so that the membrane tube can play a dual role, fixation and guided bone regeneration;a series of animal studies should be conducted to study the effect of stress on the membrane tube and osseointegration within the membrane tube, to master the law of osseointegration of membrane tubes, thereby providing evidence for repair of long tubular bone defects.

Objective In order to enhance the use-rate and avoid the harmness of AODAN4 electrosurgical generator,the principle and safe usage are introduces.Methods Two working modes and instructions were illustrated.Results AODAN4 electrosurgical generator is an all-purpose surgical equipment,which is especially suited for oral soft tissue.Conclusion AODAN4 electrosurgical unit is well worth using widely in clinic with many obvious advantages.

Objective To explore the effect of nutritional intervention on nutritional status,weight,physical strength and quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer treated by radiotherapy.Methods 77 patients with head and neck malignant tumors treated by radiotherapy were divided randomly into two groups,nutritional intervention group (NI) had 38 cases and control group (CG) had 39 cases.The status of nutrition,weight,physical strength and quality of life before radiotherapy,the end of radiotherapy and 3 months after radiotherapy in two groups were compared.Results The nutritional risks in two groups had no difference before radiotherapy.At the end of radiotherapy,the assessment score of the nutrition in NI was significantly lower than that in CG [(5.41±2.36) scores vs.(6.92±2.74) scores,t =4.935,P ＜ 0.05],and the average weight in NI was significantly higher than that in CG [(57.07±8.01) kg vs.(46.53±9.82) kg,t =2.670,P ＜ 0.05].At the end of radiotherapy and 3 months after radiotherapy,the physical strength in NI [(57.07± 8.01),(41.48±7.92) kg] were significantly higher than those in CG [(36.43±6.48),(37.94±8.03) kg] (t =2.670,P =0.021;t =2.361,P =0.037);the index of quality of life in NI [(51.37±6.56),(52.07±6.23) scores] were also significantly higher than those in CG [(46.93±6.98),(48.13±7.12) scores] (t =2.292,P =0.041;t =2.076,P =0.037).Conclusion Nutritional intervention can effectively maintain the nutritional status of head and neck cancer patients with radiotherapy,and improve continuously the physical strength and the quality of life.

The change of gravity causes a series of physiological dysfunctions,such as redistribution of blood,destruction of skeleton,reduction of hemopoietic tissue and so on.Since the success of mission to the moon and construction of space station,the study on change of human physiological functions under microgravity has been underway.With the machine of microgravity developing maturely,associated researches have made big steps forward.However,intensive study on the changes of human hemostasis and thrombosis under the microgravity are still needed,especially in the area of high incidences of bleeding and thrombotic diseases.The result will help to prevent hemostasis and thrombosis on astronaut and promote the development of our national aerospace industry.

Under the condition of microgravity, human body will experience a series of cardiovascular deconditioning. The vascular endothelial cells are the most important component of the vessel wall, so the changes of biological characteristics of vascular endothelial cells are directly related to cardiovascular deconditioning. Therefore, it is important to prevent and treat the cardiovascular deconditioning in astronauts by studying the effect of microgravity on biological characteristics of vascular endothelial cells.

Objective To explore the effect of I kappa B kinase (IKK) on liver during hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) in rats.Methods Wister rats were divided randomly into HIR group in which hepatic reperfusion was given after 60 minutes of ischemia by interruption of the arterial and portal venous blood supply to the left lobes and middle lobes of the liver; HIR + PDTC treatment group in which PDTC (120 mg/kg) were injected via the dorsum vein of penis before ischemia reperfusion; and sham control group in which midline laparotomy was performed without vascular occlusion and treatment.Expression levels of IKK were measured with In situ hybridization(ISH).The NF-κB activities were determined with EMSA.Expression levels of TNF-α were measured with immunohistochemistry (IH).Serum levels of ALT were measured.Results Expression level of IKK was increased markedly from 0 to 12h and peaked 6h after reperfusion in HIR group.NF-κB was activated 0 ～ 12h after reperfusion and activities of NF-κB were maximal 6h after reperfusion in HIR group rats compared with sham control group.Expression level of TNFα was increased markedly from 0 to 12h and peaked 6h after reperfusion in HIR group.Serum levels of ALT were increased significantly after reperfusion in H1R group.Expression level of IKK was lowered markedly in HIR + PDTC group from 0 to 12h after reperfusion.NF-κB activities were significantly lower in HIR +PDTC group than in HIR group from 0 to 12h after reperfusion.Expression level of TNF-α was lowered markedly in HIR + PDTC group as compared with HIR group from 0 to 12h after reperfusion.Serum level of ALT was decreased significantly after reperfusion in HIR + PDTC group as compared with HIR group.Conclusion HIR can activate IKK-β which promotes the activation of NF-κB,then NF-κB results in upregulation transcription of TNF-α gene which gives rise to the release of other inflammatory cytokines and triggers uncontrolled inflammatory response,and induces hepatic injury.Blocking IKK-NF-κB pathway may be an effective approach to checking the generation and development of ALI,PDTC plays important prophylaxis and treatment roles in hepatic injury after HIR.

PDCA cycle was applied in special rectification activities for medical instrument clinical trial, with quality criteria of implementation made. Completed medical instrument clinical trial from January 2011 to December 2012 was believed as control group, from January 2013 to December 2014 as PDCA group, the scores of clinical trial and the score rate of items were compared and analyzed. Results show quality scores of clinical trial in PDCA group are higher than that in control group (51 vs. 81, P < 0.001), score rate of items increased except adverse events (P < 0.001). The special rectification activities with PDCA applied in our department are feasible and effective. It significantly improves implement quality of medical instrument clinical trial.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Humans ; Research Design

PDCA cycle was applied in special rectification activities for medical instrument clinical trial, with quality criteria of implementation made. Completed medical instrument clinical trial from January 2011 to December 2012 was believed as control group, from January 2013 to December 2014 as PDCA group, the scores of clinical trial and the score rate of items were compared and analyzed. Results show quality scores of clinical trial in PDCA group are higher than that in control group (51 vs. 81, P < 0.001), score rate of items increased except adverse events (P < 0.001). The special rectification activities with PDCA applied in our department are feasible and effective. It significantly improves implement quality of medical instrument clinical trial.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Humans ; Research Design ; standards

Objective To report the design and manufacture of a novel orientation device of elbow rotation center.Methods The anatomical data of distal humeral elbow were obtained from 3 reports on the anatomy of the distal humerus retrieved from CNKI from 2004 through 2014.Software UGS.0 NX,CAD/CAM animation and video were used to design the 3D model of our novel orientation device of elbow rotation center.The glass fiber physical model of the device was manufactured using 3D printing technology.Five healthy volunteers were recruited for a simulated surgery experiment to test the efficacy and accuracy of the device,including 4 males and 1 female,from 25 to 36 years of age.Results No change was observed before and after the device was disinfected regarding the length (129 mm),width (116 mm) or height (215 mm),or other shapes.Satisfactory X-ray images of the elbow were obtained in the 5 volunteers.The fluoroscopy frequency required ranged from 6 to 11 times,averaging 8.2 times.The time needed for orientation ranged from 442.2 to 554 seconds,averaging 489.2 seconds.Conclusions Our self-designed orientation device can be used to accurately position and orientate the rotation center of elbow joint,showing its reasonable design.Glass fiber materials can be used to manufacture our orientation device.

Objective To explore the role of endotoxin during hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) in rats. Methods Wister rats were randomly divided into endotoxin, HIR and HIR plus endotoxin (HIRE) groups. In the HIR group, hepatic reperfusion was performed after 60 minutes of ischemia by interruption of the arterial and portal venous blood supply to the left lobes and middle lobes of the rat liver. In the HIRE group, LPS(1.0mg/kg) was injected via the dorsum vein of rat penis after ischemia and reperfusion. In the endotoxin group, LPS (1.0mg/kg) was injected via the dorsum vein of penis in the rats without ischemia and reperfusion. The NF-?B activities in the liver tissue of the rats were determined with EMSA. TNF-? expression levels in the liver tissue of the were measured with immunohistochemical staining. Serum ALT levels of the rats were also measured. Results NF-?B activity increased after reperfusion and remained high 12h after reperfusion in HIRE group compared with endotoxin group and HIR group. Both TNF-? expression levels and serum ALT levels increased markedly after reperfusion in HIRE group. Conclusion Endotoxin during HIR could induce hepatic injury. Endotoxin induced liver injury possibly by activating NF-?B followed by the subsequent expression of proinflammatory mediators in the liver tissue.