BACKGROUND:Membrane guided bone regeneration technology has become an important method in repairing bone defects. With the deepening of the research, related concept and the mechanism of membrane guided bone regeneration have been gradual y confirmed, but there are stil some unresolved issues.
OBJECTIVE: To review the classification of membrane tubes, performance, disadvantages and advantages in membrane guided bone regeneration, as wel as some unresolved issues in application and research.
METHODS:The first author searched PubMed and CNKI databases to retrieve articles about the discovery of membrane guided bone regeneration and the concepts, classification of membrane tubes, performance, disadvantages and advantages during bone defect treatment, which were published from 1963 to 2013. The key words were“guided bone regeneration, guided tissue regeneration, bone defect treatment”in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Membrane guided bone regeneration technique is a most promising treatment for bone defects, but for the treatment of long tubular bone defects, it is stil in the experimental stage. Currently, there is no membrane tube for long-segment bone defects. According to the material sources, the membrane tubes can be divided into:non-biological material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polylactic acid, silica gel, titanium film;biological materials, such as col agen membrane, chitin membrane, polyhydroxybutyrate. The membrane tubes can also be classified into nondegradable materials and biodegradable materials. Biodegradable materials have good histocompatibility and no cytotoxicity, which can degrade in a certain period after implantation;part of the membrane can also al ow free exchange of tissue fluid and nutritional substances. But there are stil some shortcomings that the degradation time is difficult to control and the volume is difficultly maintained under the membrane tube. New bone formation in non-biodegradable materials is complete. In the process of osteogenesis, the membrane tube cannot be absorbed and has to be removed secondarily, though it has good histocompatibility and better therapeutic outcomes. In the future, we should further improve membrane performance, so that the membrane tube can play a dual role, fixation and guided bone regeneration;a series of animal studies should be conducted to study the effect of stress on the membrane tube and osseointegration within the membrane tube, to master the law of osseointegration of membrane tubes, thereby providing evidence for repair of long tubular bone defects.

PDCA cycle was applied in special rectification activities for medical instrument clinical trial, with quality criteria of implementation made. Completed medical instrument clinical trial from January 2011 to December 2012 was believed as control group, from January 2013 to December 2014 as PDCA group, the scores of clinical trial and the score rate of items were compared and analyzed. Results show quality scores of clinical trial in PDCA group are higher than that in control group (51 vs. 81, P < 0.001), score rate of items increased except adverse events (P < 0.001). The special rectification activities with PDCA applied in our department are feasible and effective. It significantly improves implement quality of medical instrument clinical trial.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Humans ; Research Design

PDCA cycle was applied in special rectification activities for medical instrument clinical trial, with quality criteria of implementation made. Completed medical instrument clinical trial from January 2011 to December 2012 was believed as control group, from January 2013 to December 2014 as PDCA group, the scores of clinical trial and the score rate of items were compared and analyzed. Results show quality scores of clinical trial in PDCA group are higher than that in control group (51 vs. 81, P < 0.001), score rate of items increased except adverse events (P < 0.001). The special rectification activities with PDCA applied in our department are feasible and effective. It significantly improves implement quality of medical instrument clinical trial.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Humans ; Research Design ; standards

Objective To investigate ultrasound diagnosis different types of placenta previa (PP)during the late pregnancy and its relationship with the perinatal outcome.Methods The clinical data of 170 pregnant women with PP and 170 healthy pregnant women who underwent ultrasound were retrospectively analyzed.PP-related risk factors were analyzed,the perinatal outcome of different types of PP were compared.Results Among PP pregnant women,complete PP was in 82 cases,partial PP was in 36 cases,marginal PP was in 32 cases,low-lying placenta was in 20 cases.The rate of age ＞ 30 years old,parity,gravidity,the number of abortion and the number of cesarean section in PP pregnant women were significantly higher than those in healthy pregnant women [59.4％(101/170) vs.40.0％(68/170),(1.5 ± 0.6) times vs.(1.3 ± 0.4) times,(2.4 ± 0.5) times vs.(1.7 ± 0.1) times,(1.7 ± 0.1) times vs.(1.1 ± 0.3) times,(1.3 ±0.3) times vs.(1.0 ± 0.1) times,P ＜ 0.01].Parity,gravidity,the number of abortion,the number of cesarean section,age,and the incidence rate of cesarean section,postpartum hemorrhage,placental adherence,premature delivery,neonatal weight ＜ 2.5 kg,5 min Apgar score ＜ 7 scores in complete PP pregnant women were significantly higher than those in partial PP,marginal PP and low-lying placenta pregnant women (P＜0.01).Conclusions Ultrasound can dynamically observe the development process of the PP.There is a certain correlation with the severity of risk factors of PP,early intervention can improve the prognosis.

Objective:To discuss the therapeutic effect of pharmaceutical care for old patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) . Methods:Totally 192 patients diagnosed as COPD were randomly divided into 2 groups according to a random num-ber table, 100 cases in the experimental group and 92 cases in the control group. The control group was treated with the conditional therapy, and the experimental group was treated with pharmaceutical care additionally. The studieds on COPD assessment test ( CAT) , modified British medical research council ( mMRC) and the value of pulmonary function index ( FEV1% index) were carried out and compared between the two groups. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the CAT score, mMRC classification and FEV1% index between the two groups on admission (P>0. 05), however, after the treatment, the CAT score and mMRC classifica-tion were decreased and FEV1% index was increased in the two groups, and there was statistical significance between them ( P <0. 05). The CAT score and mMRC classification in the experimental group were lower and FEV1% index was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Compared with the medication errors(n=13, 14.13%) and incidence of adverse drug reactions(n=5, 5. 43%) in the control group, the medication errors(n=2, 2. 0%) and incidence of adverse drug reactions (0%) in the experimental group were significantly decreased. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists provide effectively pharmaceutical care, which can significantly improve the clinical therapeutic efficacy in old patients with COPD.

Objective To explore the effect of nutritional intervention on nutritional status,weight,physical strength and quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer treated by radiotherapy.Methods 77 patients with head and neck malignant tumors treated by radiotherapy were divided randomly into two groups,nutritional intervention group (NI) had 38 cases and control group (CG) had 39 cases.The status of nutrition,weight,physical strength and quality of life before radiotherapy,the end of radiotherapy and 3 months after radiotherapy in two groups were compared.Results The nutritional risks in two groups had no difference before radiotherapy.At the end of radiotherapy,the assessment score of the nutrition in NI was significantly lower than that in CG [(5.41±2.36) scores vs.(6.92±2.74) scores,t =4.935,P ＜ 0.05],and the average weight in NI was significantly higher than that in CG [(57.07±8.01) kg vs.(46.53±9.82) kg,t =2.670,P ＜ 0.05].At the end of radiotherapy and 3 months after radiotherapy,the physical strength in NI [(57.07± 8.01),(41.48±7.92) kg] were significantly higher than those in CG [(36.43±6.48),(37.94±8.03) kg] (t =2.670,P =0.021;t =2.361,P =0.037);the index of quality of life in NI [(51.37±6.56),(52.07±6.23) scores] were also significantly higher than those in CG [(46.93±6.98),(48.13±7.12) scores] (t =2.292,P =0.041;t =2.076,P =0.037).Conclusion Nutritional intervention can effectively maintain the nutritional status of head and neck cancer patients with radiotherapy,and improve continuously the physical strength and the quality of life.

Objective To compare the immediate therapeutic effects between endovenous laser treatment and conventional surgery for lower extremity varicosity.Methods Data of 350 limbs of 275 patients treated by endovenous laser treatment (endovenous laser treatment group) and 310 limbs of 210 patients by traditional surgery (traditional surgery group) were analyzed and compared in terms of operation time,number of the incision,postoperative pain,complications,postoperative hospitalized duration and 1-year recurrence rate.Results Endovenous laser treatment group had shorter operation time,fewer incisions,less postoperative pain and shorter postoperative hospitalized duration than traditional surgery group (P0.05).Conclusion As a safe and effective new treatment for lower extremity varicosity with minimal invasiveness and no left scars,endovenous laser treatment has the potential to replace conventional surgery and extend the surgical indications for lower extremity varicosity treatment.

Under the condition of microgravity, human body will experience a series of cardiovascular deconditioning. The vascular endothelial cells are the most important component of the vessel wall, so the changes of biological characteristics of vascular endothelial cells are directly related to cardiovascular deconditioning. Therefore, it is important to prevent and treat the cardiovascular deconditioning in astronauts by studying the effect of microgravity on biological characteristics of vascular endothelial cells.

Objective To explore the effect of NF-?B activation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat Kupffer cells(KCs). Methods KCs were divided randomly into three groups. A group was control group. KCs were co-cultured with LPS in B group. KCs were co-cultured with LPS and PDTC in C group. NF-?B activity of KCs was determined with EMSA. Content of I-?B protein in KCs was detected with western blot. Expression levels of TNF-? mRNA, IL-6 mRNA of KCs were measured with RT-PCR. Results LPS induced NF-?B activation of KCs, decreased I-?B content of KCs, and increased expression levels of TNF-? mRNA and IL-6 mRNA markedly. PDTC could diminish the above effects of LPS on KCs. Conclusions NF-?B activation induced by LPS may induce cell injury by promoting expressions of TNF-? mRNA and IL-6 mRNA in KCs. PDTC could decrease mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators by suppressing excessive NF-?B activation in KCs.

Objective To explore the role of endotoxin during hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) in rats. Methods Wister rats were randomly divided into endotoxin, HIR and HIR plus endotoxin (HIRE) groups. In the HIR group, hepatic reperfusion was performed after 60 minutes of ischemia by interruption of the arterial and portal venous blood supply to the left lobes and middle lobes of the rat liver. In the HIRE group, LPS(1.0mg/kg) was injected via the dorsum vein of rat penis after ischemia and reperfusion. In the endotoxin group, LPS (1.0mg/kg) was injected via the dorsum vein of penis in the rats without ischemia and reperfusion. The NF-?B activities in the liver tissue of the rats were determined with EMSA. TNF-? expression levels in the liver tissue of the were measured with immunohistochemical staining. Serum ALT levels of the rats were also measured. Results NF-?B activity increased after reperfusion and remained high 12h after reperfusion in HIRE group compared with endotoxin group and HIR group. Both TNF-? expression levels and serum ALT levels increased markedly after reperfusion in HIRE group. Conclusion Endotoxin during HIR could induce hepatic injury. Endotoxin induced liver injury possibly by activating NF-?B followed by the subsequent expression of proinflammatory mediators in the liver tissue.