Refractory nephrotic syndrome(RNS) is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children,which is also a difficult issue in clinic.Several therapies,including immunosuppressive agents,have been shown to be effective and safe for RNS.It is proved,however,that a substantial number of children are still refractory to treatment despite these therapies.Recently,rituximab as a new immunosuppressant has achieved good results for RNS,and a number of case reports and clinical trials have suggested that rituximab may be effective for children with RNS.This review will analyse the scientific basis for the efficacy and safety of using rituximab in children with RNS.

Acute kidney injury (AKI)was a common problem in children in clinic.pRIFLE Criteria, AKIN Criteria, KDIGO Criteria are the main classification criteria of AKI.Though serum creatinine is still used as the most common biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI, the sensitivity and specificity is unsatisfactory.In recent years, many potential biomarkers of AKI have been studied in a variety of experimental and clinical settings.This review describes the novel biomarkers of AKI, including cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, interleukin-18 ,kidney injury molecule-1 and liver-type fatty acid binding protein,, which have now made a progress in clinic.

The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a key part of the wearable monitoring technologies, which has many communication technologies to choose from, like Bluetooth, ZigBee, Ultra Wideband, and Wireless Human Body Communication (WHBC). As for the WHBC developed in recent years, it is worthy to be further studied. The WHBC has a strong momentum of growth and a natural advantage in the formation of WBAN. In this paper, we first briefly describe the technical background of WHBC, then introduce theoretical model of human-channel communication and digital transmission machine based on human channel. And finally we analyze various of the interference of the WHBC and show the AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping) technology which can effectively deal with the interference.
Computer Communication Networks ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Wireless Technology

Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in children,but its clinical significance is widely debated.The pathogenesis is not very clear and etiology appears to be multifactorial,such as autoimmune thyroiditis,obesity,antiepileptic drugs and so on.Currently there is no broad consensus on the management of children with subclinical hypothyroidism.In this review,the available evidences regarding to investigation,risk factors,trreatments and outcomes for this disease are summarized.

Influenza A(H1N1)virus is a re-mixed strains of human influenza virus genes,avian influenza virus gene and swine influenza virus gene.Influenza A(H1N1)pandemic influenza has spread around the world,which has drawn worldwide attention.In order to early discovery,early diagnosis,early treatment and effective prevention of Influenza A(H1N1),we describe the characteristics of linfluenza A(H1N1)virus,epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,laboratory examination and effective treatment and preventive measures.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; therapeutic use ; Anxiety Disorders ; drug therapy ; etiology ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications

Hereditary renal diseases (inherited kidney diseases) include glomerular diseases,tubular diseases and cystic diseases.The incidence of inherited kidney diseases is relatively low, but the variety of clinical insufficient understanding of the disease, the means test about inherited kidney diseases is also not standardized, easily lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.As the common clinical manifestation of hereditary renal disease and congenital/hereditary renal disease are mainly low blood potassium, kidney stones, polyuria, growth retardation, and may develop renal failure without treatment.Therefore, clinicians should pay special attention to the diagnosis of congenital/hereditary renal disease, and early interventions are recommended.

Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis is a systemic inflammatory response of systemic vasculitis in anaphylactoid purpura,it is often occurred in childhood with systemic vasculitis reaction.Some patients will develop nephritic syndrome or nephrotic syndrome,even kidney failure,either of which is harmful to the health of children.However,a unified standard for the diagnosis and treatment of purpura nephritis is still lack.Combined with the latest research results,this research intends to review the pathogenesis,clinical diagnosis and treatment of purpura nephritis.

Objective: To assess the mental health status of poor medical students.Methods: 40 poor medical students and 40 ordinary medical students were studied controlly with symptom checdlist-90. Results: poor medical students than ordinary medical students had more scores in factors and all average. Conclusion: the mental health status of poor medical students is not good.The work of mental health education and consultation should be accessed according to their mental status for them.

AIM: To investigate the effect of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug Bevacizumab on connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) in proliferative membranes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).METHODS: From January 2015 to December 2016, 117 patients (126 eyes) with PDR were analyzed using the case-control study.The selected cases were randomly divided into two groups, respectively, Group A of 60 cases (63 eyes) and Group B of 57 cases (63 eyes).The Group A was treated with vitrectomy alone, while the Group B received intravitreal injection of 0.05mL/1.25mg bevacizumab before vitrectomy.The peeled epiretinal membranes in patients were stained and then the histopathological changes were observed for primitive cells and angiogenesis, the expression of CTGF and PEDF were tested.RESULTS: The expression of CTGF and PEDF in the proliferative membrane of the two groups were expressed in the cytoplasm.The Group A showed positive expression in 38 cases, the positive rate was 60.3%.Compared with Group A, the positive expression rate of CTGF in Group B (92.1%) was significantly higher (P<0.05).The positive expression rates of PEDF in the two groups were 90.5% and 95.2% respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: In patients with PDR after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, the retinal neovascularization is significantly reduced, which is conducive to vitrectomy.The positive expression rate of CTGF significantly increased in patients with PDR after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, but there was no significant change in the expression of PEDF in the anterior membrane.