Refractory nephrotic syndrome(RNS) is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children,which is also a difficult issue in clinic.Several therapies,including immunosuppressive agents,have been shown to be effective and safe for RNS.It is proved,however,that a substantial number of children are still refractory to treatment despite these therapies.Recently,rituximab as a new immunosuppressant has achieved good results for RNS,and a number of case reports and clinical trials have suggested that rituximab may be effective for children with RNS.This review will analyse the scientific basis for the efficacy and safety of using rituximab in children with RNS.

Acute kidney injury (AKI)was a common problem in children in clinic.pRIFLE Criteria, AKIN Criteria, KDIGO Criteria are the main classification criteria of AKI.Though serum creatinine is still used as the most common biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI, the sensitivity and specificity is unsatisfactory.In recent years, many potential biomarkers of AKI have been studied in a variety of experimental and clinical settings.This review describes the novel biomarkers of AKI, including cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, interleukin-18 ,kidney injury molecule-1 and liver-type fatty acid binding protein,, which have now made a progress in clinic.

The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a key part of the wearable monitoring technologies, which has many communication technologies to choose from, like Bluetooth, ZigBee, Ultra Wideband, and Wireless Human Body Communication (WHBC). As for the WHBC developed in recent years, it is worthy to be further studied. The WHBC has a strong momentum of growth and a natural advantage in the formation of WBAN. In this paper, we first briefly describe the technical background of WHBC, then introduce theoretical model of human-channel communication and digital transmission machine based on human channel. And finally we analyze various of the interference of the WHBC and show the AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping) technology which can effectively deal with the interference.
Computer Communication Networks ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Wireless Technology

Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in children,but its clinical significance is widely debated.The pathogenesis is not very clear and etiology appears to be multifactorial,such as autoimmune thyroiditis,obesity,antiepileptic drugs and so on.Currently there is no broad consensus on the management of children with subclinical hypothyroidism.In this review,the available evidences regarding to investigation,risk factors,trreatments and outcomes for this disease are summarized.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the quality standard of Naoliqing capsule. METHODS: The Sus scrofa domestica and Achyranthes bidentata in Naoliqing capsule were identified by TLC, and the content of oleanolic acid was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The characteristic TLC spots of the Sus scrofa domestica and Achyranthes bidentata in Naoliqing capsule were detected. The linear range of oleanolic acid was 0.5～7.5 ?g(r=0.999 6) with an average recovery of 97.43%(RSD=1.94%,n=6). CONCLUSION: The results are conducive to the improvement of the quality standard of Naoliqing capsule.

AIM: To investigate the effect of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug Bevacizumab on connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) in proliferative membranes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).METHODS: From January 2015 to December 2016, 117 patients (126 eyes) with PDR were analyzed using the case-control study.The selected cases were randomly divided into two groups, respectively, Group A of 60 cases (63 eyes) and Group B of 57 cases (63 eyes).The Group A was treated with vitrectomy alone, while the Group B received intravitreal injection of 0.05mL/1.25mg bevacizumab before vitrectomy.The peeled epiretinal membranes in patients were stained and then the histopathological changes were observed for primitive cells and angiogenesis, the expression of CTGF and PEDF were tested.RESULTS: The expression of CTGF and PEDF in the proliferative membrane of the two groups were expressed in the cytoplasm.The Group A showed positive expression in 38 cases, the positive rate was 60.3%.Compared with Group A, the positive expression rate of CTGF in Group B (92.1%) was significantly higher (P<0.05).The positive expression rates of PEDF in the two groups were 90.5% and 95.2% respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: In patients with PDR after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, the retinal neovascularization is significantly reduced, which is conducive to vitrectomy.The positive expression rate of CTGF significantly increased in patients with PDR after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, but there was no significant change in the expression of PEDF in the anterior membrane.

AIM: To study the effect of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and multifocal-electroretinogram (mfERG) before and after treatment for choroidal neovascular disease.METHODS: A total of 264 patients (332 eyes) with macular neovascularization (MCNV) and idiopathic choroidal neovascular disease (ICNV) who underwent pathologic myopia from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study.Intraocular pressure and BCVA, fundus using 90D front mirror and slit lamp detection, and the fundus photograph, OCT, ICGA and FFA angiography, mfERG detection were taken.One month after the drug, 1mo after the final treatment, we recorded BCVA, intraocular pressure and mfERG and so on.RESULTS: Ranibizumab was injected into the 254 eyes, and 78 eyes were injected with conbercept.There were 37 eyes injected once, 147 eyes were injected twice, 72 eyes were injected 3 times, 57 eyes were injected 4 times, 19 eyes 5 times.There were no significant differences on intraocular pressure between the two groups (P>0.05).The BCVA before treatment was significantly different compared with those 1mo after treatment and 1mo after the final treatment (P>0.05).The amplitude of Ring1, Ring2 and Ring4 increased after treatment, the difference was statistically significant.(P<0.05).The amplitude of Ring3 and Ring5 increased at 1mo after final treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs has a significant effect on BCVA and mf ERG in patients with choroidal neovascular disease and is safe.

Influenza A(H1N1)virus is a re-mixed strains of human influenza virus genes,avian influenza virus gene and swine influenza virus gene.Influenza A(H1N1)pandemic influenza has spread around the world,which has drawn worldwide attention.In order to early discovery,early diagnosis,early treatment and effective prevention of Influenza A(H1N1),we describe the characteristics of linfluenza A(H1N1)virus,epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,laboratory examination and effective treatment and preventive measures.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; therapeutic use ; Anxiety Disorders ; drug therapy ; etiology ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications

Hereditary renal diseases (inherited kidney diseases) include glomerular diseases,tubular diseases and cystic diseases.The incidence of inherited kidney diseases is relatively low, but the variety of clinical insufficient understanding of the disease, the means test about inherited kidney diseases is also not standardized, easily lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.As the common clinical manifestation of hereditary renal disease and congenital/hereditary renal disease are mainly low blood potassium, kidney stones, polyuria, growth retardation, and may develop renal failure without treatment.Therefore, clinicians should pay special attention to the diagnosis of congenital/hereditary renal disease, and early interventions are recommended.